9.1.2; Cac each nh.i> dii!m 3D • Ta co cac phuC1ng phap nhtJ.p diim 3D nhu sau - Cho t9a d~ tuy~t d6i: x,y,z - Cho tQa d(> tucmg d6i: @x,y,z so vai diem truoc do xl,yl,zl. - Cho' tQa d(> tn,l WOllg d6i: @p<<p, z trong do: p Ii khoang each til diem vi! tai diem truoe do, cp lit gee tir trl,lc.x tai di~m ve (trong XV), con z 13. tQa d(> thee tfl,lC z. - Cho tQa d(> cAu wong d6i: @p«p<cr trong do p 13 khoang each tir diem vi! loi diem trube do, <p HI goc lit diem ve so voi tf\lc x (trong XV), a Ii goc tit m~t phing (XY) toi diem vo (xem hinh 9·3). - Dung phim pick chu¢t. - Dung bl) lQc tQa d(> di~m. Du6i day tdnh bay CI,l the phuong phap nay. * Lt;Jc tqa 49 diim(Point Filter) Trong qua tdnh ve, khi nh~p cae tQa d¢ diem b<,m co the dl,l'a vao tQa d(> x, ho~c y, ho~c z cua cae diem thu¢c d6i tm;mg da co bfing each dung bl) lQc tQa d¢ diem. B(> IQc nay d~c biet ti~n d~ng khi dung k€t hqp vai OSNAP MODES. Khi dang b trong mQt l~nh, ACAD yeu du nMp di~m, bI).n c6 the dap nhu sau: + Dap ''.X'' ho~c ",Y", ''.Z'': h1"y cimg tQa d¢ x ho~c y, Z ooa diem da co nao? + Dap ",XY" ho~c ".YZ", ".ZX": lay cung tQa d¢ x,y ho~c y,z ho~c Z,X v6i diem da: co nao? Ta xet each dung b¢ lQc diem qua cae vi dl,l sau day: Vi d~ 1: eho kh6i h¢p, ve tfl,1 co tAm day du6i (x=x M2 , Y=YMI' :z=60), chi6u cao 13. 20, ban kinh Hl 40. Command: ucs Origln/ZAxisl3pointiEntilyNiew/X/y/Z/PrevlReslore/SavelDel/?1<World>: 0 Origin point<. >: .X Of <bAt diem gifr. M2> (need yz): .Y Of <bAt diem giila MI> (need z): 60 Command: circle 3P/2PfTIR!<Center point>: 0,0,0 Diameter/<Radius>: 40 Command: change Select objects: 1 (last-ch<;m dubng tron vua ve xong) Properties/<Change point>: P Change what property(ColorJE1ev/ LAyer/LType/LtScalefThickne,,): T New thickness< >: 20 Change what property(ColorJElev/ LAyer /LType/LtScalefThickness):.J Vi d~ 2: Vi! dubng gap khue A'EFB' Hlnh 9-2 mai nha va ve eira MNPQ nhu sau. 1. VO mai A·EFB' Command: LINE from point: To point: Of 82 Line <dung Osnap mode/END de bat mut A'> .XY <Osnap mode/MID biit diem gilia ella A'D'> (need z): 160 .XY To point: Of (need z): <Osnap mode/MID bat di~m giua cua B'C'> .z >. Of To point: To point: Command: LINE from point: To point: "To point: Command: LINE from point: <Osnap mode/END bat diem E> <Osnap mode/END bi\! diem B'> .J . .J <Osnap mode/END bat D'> <Osnap modefEND bat E> .J .J <Osnap modejEND bat F> To point: <Osnap modelEND bat C> To point: .J 2. Vi! eira MNPQ Command: line From point: .YZ of <bat dinh A> (need x): 20 To point: @0,0,90 (diem N) To point: .yz of <bat N> (need xl: 60 (diem P) Th point: xy of <b~t P> (need z): 0 Th point: ;,J 9.1.3. Si'1 d\1ng I~nh 'CAL {calculator) xoic dinh di~m Hinh 1).3 Sir d~ng l?nh 'CAL e6 th~'xae dirih eae diem bang cae bieu thUe vt<; to va cae s6, de t(nh toan cae ham s6 thOng thuemg, cae phep tlnh v~c tao o Ctic phip tinh va cae htlm thllltng g~p trong CAL +,- 0,/ () abs(x) abs(vector) ang(PI,P2) ang(vector) dist(PI,P2) dpl(A,PI,P2) dpp(A,PI,P2,P3) ill(PI,P2,P3,P4) ilp(A,B,PI,P2,P3) c¢ng, trlr cae 56 va vecta nha.n, chia cae 56 va vecta nh6m bi~u thuc lGy thua ella 1 56 gia tr, tuy~t d6i cua s6 thl!c do dai vecta g6c giua duang thing PIP2 va t~c x g6c giua 1 vecta va tn.lC x. khoimg each giaa 2 die:m Plva P2 khoang each giua die:m A V.l duang thing PlP2 khoang·cach giua di~m A va m~t phing piP2P3 giao di€m 2 duang th~ng PIP2 va P3P4 giao diem coa duang thing AB voi m~t phing PIP2P3. 83 mee hay (end+cnd)/2 rad • 11m c1i~m giLra ella do~n (hang dUQ'c xac djnh bai 2 eti~m mut. tim ban kfnh cung tron pld(PI,P2,dist) tIm dj~m trcn dlf(lng thfing PI P2 vii each PI do~n Ihtmg dist cho tmoc. r2d(x) d2r(x) d6i radian x sang dO d6i goc x di? sling radian quay di6m A quanh tam PI di ·1 goc u. quay diem A quanh tn.lc PI P2 eli I goc a rol(A,P I ,a.) rol(A,PI,P2,a.) u2w(P I) w2u(PI) dOi IQa di? di~m PI tlt h¢ UCS hi¢n Ihai sang h~ WCS d6i IQa di? diem PI tit h~ WCS hi¢n thai sang h~ UCS Tn!n day 13 mi?t s6 h~l.111 thOng thuang nhat(xem trong AutoLlSP). * Cach g9i /¢Ilh CAL Command: »Expression: Vi d~l 1,' Trnll vccto Command: cal cal <nh~r vao bi~u thuc > »Expression: ISO, I 00,-60]+11 00,200, 160] (ISO,300, I 00) Vi d~1 2: Cho ttr di¢n APIP2P3, {rang eto A(70,40, I 00), PI (0,0,0), P2(S6, I 00,0), P3(160, IS,O) (hinh 9-4). a. Ve dUOng thtmg AB vuOng goc vai m~t phlmg PI P2P3. b. Ve duong thrmg ILt giao diem H clla dLtang. thAng AS vai m~t phang PIP2P3. c. Tim khoang each tlt chan duang vuOng goc (K) ke tit H toi AP3 voi m~\t ph5ng API P2. - Vo duong AB Command: line From point: <bAI dinh A> To point: @0,0,-170 (di6m B) To point: .J - Vi; duong HK Command: line ' From point: 'cal Hinh 9·4 »Expression: ilp(cnd,end,end,end,end) (tim giao diem 1-1) »Select entity ror END snap: <btl! A, B,PI,P2,P3> (70,40,0) <cho ket qua t911 dt) giao di~m H> To point: per (ve dUOng vuOng g6c HK) To <chi vao dUOng AP3> To point: .J - Tim khoang each tit K tOi mi.\t phang APIP2 Command: cal »Expression: dpp(INT,END,END,END) X4 K INTor END of 65.9145 <chi van K> <bal A, PI ,P2> (ke! qua nay la kholmg each tit K to', m(lt phftng API P2) Chu thich' [)ung l~nh 'CAL Iro giup khi nh(\p 11;1<1 dt) ella diQm ella llwi lflnh ve. 9.2. DI!l:U KHI!l:N HlEN HINH ANH 3D 9,2.1. Di€m nhin (Vpoin!) Trong kh6ng gian v~t th~, bi).n cOlhe thay deli diem nhln (Viewpoint) de quail sal v~t the a vi trf thfch hQ'p bc;lO mu6n. T~i do b<;tll co the thl.rc hi¢n de thay deii mai eho d6i tll'Q'ng ve. L$NH VPOINT (ChQn di6tn nhln) * Ckh g<;>i I¢nh III menu: Menu bar >View > Setview > Viewpoint> Set Vro int Screen menu> Display> Vpoin! * Go I¢nh Itr ball phfm: Command: Vpoint Rotate /<View point .> < . >: + Dar m~c djnh: eho diem nhil1 mai, diem dich m~c djnh Ii (0,0,0). V~y mu6n co hinh chieu bling chQn di~m nhlo (0,0,1); mu6n co hinh chien d(mg ch <;m diem nhlo (0,-1,0); chc;m di€m (-1,0,0) cho h'inh chi€u cq,nh, va di€m (1,-1, I) eha hlnh chieu tn:le do vuong goc cI€u (hlnh 9-5). , mnh 9·5 + R: cho di€m nhln mai b~ng cae g6c xoay: Enter angle in XYplane from X axis < '>: Enter angle from XY plane< >: Hinh 9-6 a !fen chi ra dch xac d,nh cae goc nay. Chii. thich: p y"""JX H'inh 9·6 <eho gOc xoay tir tfl:le X trong m~t phtmg XV> <cho goc xoay tir m ~t phling XY len hay xu6ng> + N!!u l~j dong nh,ic dau tien fin Enter sc hil;11 ra m(H la han (Compass) h1nh 9-7 b'.lll chi vi~c di CO!llro qtLanh vong Iron sc chon UIlQC ui~m nhl.n \Ilong ling l\leo y h~pl. 85 z 1BDO x Hlnh 9-7 " -0 Ilinh 9-X rr~=:~ 1 45' 30' 10' 0' + CO th~ eha hi~n fa la bim (hlnh 9-7), hO~IC eho di~m nhln hrmg de g6c qua hic:u do (hlnh 9-8) llt menu· Menu bM> View> Setvicw > Viewpoint> Axes I Presels LENH DVIEW L¢nh DV1EW (Dynamic View) eila ta quan sat duqc hlnh anh 3D d(Jng. a day dCmg kh<ii ni~m Camera (m,lY ilnh) va Target (dfch nhln t6i) d~ quan S<II quanh v~t lhe. * each gqi I?nh tir menu: , , Menu bar> View> Set view> Dview Screen menu> Display> Dview * Go l¢nh Ill' ban phim: Command: dview Select object: <chQI1 cae d6i luqng> CAmeraiTArgetlDistanceiPOintiPAiZoomiTWistiCLipiHidei OtTiUndoi<eXil>: Dap cae h!a ch(;m: ~ CA: eho cae goc quay camera. _ TA: quay dfch (c16i tuqng ve) quanh camera. _ D: di chuyen camera dQc tia nhln, cling 1a mode ph6i canh. _ PO: eho dj~m dich target va dicim camera. PA: xe d!eh imh tren m~m hlnh. _ Z: eh(re nang Hay co 2 ch€ d<): n£u i:J trong mode ph6i canh thl gi6ng nhl1 tang giam ti~u ei! ella may nnh; th{r 2 IS. tit ehc c19 ph6i canh, thl Zoom gi6ng nhtr thOng thuong. _ TW: xotl11 ho~c xoay camera eli I g6e. _ CL: dlfl1g m<)t m~t cal vuOng g6e vui tia nhln, do d6 phiin v~1 tlui phfa sal! ho;::te phfa tnr6'c m~t cat do b! ehe khuat tlly theo b<.'n It.ra ch<;m Baek/Front. CGng co th6 Ilion IliOn b! chc khuat neu b~n ch<,>n OFF Hinh 9-9 lil dui tlrqng 3D sau khi dung \¢nh Dview/ CL/Fron!. _ H: giau cae net khuA't tn~n cl6i Itrqng chQIl. _ 0: tfit mode phei dlllh. _ U: hlly be, I~nh vira lh~re hi~n. _ X: k~t thuc I~nh Dview va gilt I'.\i k~t qua cua I¢nh nay. Chu y rang tlll.tc hi¢n Dview rna b~n kh6ng chip "X" thl k~t qua cu6i cling kh6ng duqc gifr l<.1i. LENH PLAN L~nh nay thiet I~p hlnh chieu bang etta d6i tuqng ve (diem nhin 0,0, I) theo m¢t h~ tr~c b'.\l1 chQIl. * Cach goi lenh tir menu: Menu bar> View> Setview > Plan view Screen menu> Display> Plan * Go l¢nh tir bim phim: Command: plan <Curen! UCS>/Ucs/World: Hinh 9·9 + O;:ip m~c dinh: 'hiet I~p hlnh chieu bang thee h~ UCS hi¢n hanh. + U: ,hie' l~r hlnh chieu btlllg thee UCS da: duqc lUll tnrac do, ACAD se hoi ttn + W: thiell~p hinh chieu bang thee h¢ tr~c chufin. 9.2.2. Che duang khuat, to bong v~t the LENH HIDE L¢nh nay se be di dc net khuat tren d6i tlTqng 3D (hlnh 9-10). Chu y: TruOe khi gQi !¢nh HIDE. b,.tn dn hi¢n solid dl.tng !u6i: MQDEL> Display> Mesh. * Okh g9i J¢nh tu menu: RENDRE> Hide * Go I¢nh ttf ban phfm: Command: hide Tn.r& I- -!IDE Sau IIIDE I-I'inh 9·10 LENH SHADE UCS. L¢nh SHADE de: phtl len d6i ,uqng 3D bong ella mau g6c va che giau cac net khual. No kht'mg chiu anh IHrOng eua anh sang. B{m ve SHADE ch'; dung de xem, kh6ng xu{!, ra dtrqc. X7 L~NH RENDER L¢nh RENDER dtmg de 10 bong d6i tuqng 3D thea cli~m chien sung, cuang d(:t s:ing va lo<.ti <'inh sang (hlllh 9-11 ). Hlnh 9·11 D~ d~\t c<lu hlnh render, co cae J¢nh sau day: L¢nh LIGHT: dung d~ them vao nguon sang m6i, 10<)1 ngu6n sling, cuang di:) silng va hi~u chinh ho~c x6" eli ngu6n S{lllg cHi co. L¢nh FINISH: de t<.to fa d.e lrau chuot eho k€t qLl~ 16 bong v;\ hi¢u chinh mall \0 eho lUng doi LUqng. h¢ s6 ch6i s.ing. cit? khuech Ian, cit) siing eLla anh sang b<lO qunllh, d(:t rc ,mg eho dom eh6i sang. 9.2.3. Kh6ng gian v*t the (Mspacc), kh6ng gian gia.r ve (Pspacc) va viewports 1. Khong gian "(it thl va khOlJg giml giay ve- ACAD eho b<.tn khil nang nun vi¢c (rong hai kh6ng gian: kh6ng gian V(lt the (Mspace= Model space) V~\ khong gian giay ve hay khang gian phrmg (Pspacc= Paper space). Trong kh6ng gian v~t tht b<;ln co th~ vc cac d6i Ilwng 2D hay 3D. Con trong kh6ng ginn giay ve d~ b<,ln ghi ehu, s~p x€p va in cae hlnh chieu khae nhau clla doi tuqng. Khi chuyen cl6i gii1a Mspacc va Pspacc, ACAD se nhttc b<.111 d~t bien h¢ thong TILE- MODE i. OFF(O) va goi ienh MSPACE hal' PSPACE. y W x Msp<1cC icon x I'space il:on Hlnh 9-12 LENH MSPACE&PSPACE * each gQi l¢nh MSPACE, PSPACE IiI menu: Menu bar> View> Model space /paper space Screen menu> Di s play> Mview > Mspacc !pspace ' * Go J¢nh tll: bim phfm: Command: mspacc (ho~c pspace) Ghi ch(i: + Bl,In c6 th~ chuytn dbi giua kh6ng gian v~t the va khOn -g gian gifly vi: bang dieh th"y dOi gia tr! cua hien TILEMODE 0/1 + ,- nnh 9~ 12 Iii de bieu lltt;1ng (icon) ell<l kh6ng gian v~t Ihtf va khOng gian giay ve. 2. Viewports Viewport 14\ ITIQI khung nh'in anh 20 hay 3~. No co d<;lng hlnh ehu nh~t tren m¢t phdn hay toan b¢ m~m hlnh. ACAD eho phep b~n rna cae viewports cung m¢t hie. M6i viewport co the chQn diem nh'ill vpoin! khac nhau de c6 hl11h chieu dung, hinh chieu btmg, hlnh chieu q.nh, hlnh nOi, vv eua v~t Ih~ 3~. LENH VPORTS L¢nh nay chi thL.rc hi¢n khi bien TILEMODE Ht ON(I); no t;w ra cae khung nhlll eo dinh ke nhall. Command: vports Save/RestorelBelete/Singlel ?/2/ <3> / 4: ;AD - {DraWing dwgJ I!!I~ EI -rQ} IS] I:) ~ fh • .J _,_~d .". _yports _ Sa~e/Restare/Delete/Join/SIngle/?/2/<3>/4 3 ': '-60~317127984a9.bjjOCib' , ,<=-"" - -I:,~!, ftRIOiOFITI !' J F'1,~;;jAP[Mb'6EL iTill ff ~Stalll!f ~oItWQld. C9.Do'f1lS'!Aut!lCAO -(Drawing > Hlnh 9-13: Dung I~~h Vports 1'.10 3 vicwports k ~ nhau. uioCAO pOlis: ayoul: Save "; Retlme Oelete m. ingle 1 ~2_. J~ • Horizont el'tical bove Below left Right 81 . ': &apos ;-6 0~317127984a9.bjjOCib' , ,< =-& quot;" - -I:,~!, ftRIOiOFITI !' J F'1,~;;jAP[Mb'6EL iTill ff ~Stalll!f ~oItWQld. C9.Do'f1lS'!Aut!lCAO -( Drawing > Hlnh 9-1 3: Dung I~~h. hil ;11 ra m(H la han (Compass) h1nh 9-7 b'.lll chi vi~c di CO!llro qtLanh vong Iron sc chon UIlQC ui~m nhl.n Ilong ling lleo y h~pl. 85 z 1BDO x Hlnh 9-7 " -0 . ACAD se nhttc b< .111 d~t bien h¢ thong TILE- MODE i. OFF(O) va goi ienh MSPACE hal' PSPACE. y W x Msp<1cC icon x I'space il:on Hlnh 9-1 2 LENH MSPACE&PSPACE