+ 6 Pattern Type (m~u S<,lch): Irong 0 nily e6 2 dong Iva chQn : - Stored ',latch Pattern: ch<;>n dc m~lI g'.lch da duac Jtru trrr lrong ACAD. ban [in V;LO vong tron a dau dong. Sau d6 h~1Il fin phllll pick vao 6 "Pallem .'· sc e6 bdng cae 1ll.'1I du e6 nlnr hlnh 5-3. San hay an (Click) v;m ndu n: o b',111 ch<;>n va OK. Ti~p then b<,ln cho IY 1¢ vilo dong "Scalc", g6c nghicng dlfl1ng g~ch s<;>c vao dong "Angle" iJ phla dm]i clla h(lp Iho',li "Halch Option", r\cu nluJ len m:'ill, h<,ln chuytn con Iro 16i 6 ben ph "l i dong "PaHcrn" vi:I go I~n Illi'iU vao, - User Defined Pall ern: neu ban danh dli"tL V~LO vong tron 0 (Mu dOllg "User Defined Pattern" co th~ dinh nghia ml)t m~u g,-,Ieh dan gi • .in vai die thOng s6 nhu sau: Angle: eho g6c nghicng de dltOng gaeh, Spacing: cho khming eaeh girra 2 duong g:,lch kt! nhau. Double lIatch: S<,Ich '.'! chi~tI 1',10 thimh 6 IUai, Sau do ban i.11l OK d~ kc'l Ihue vi¢c d!nh nghia m,hl S4.\eh nuli. + 6 Hatching Style: (ki~u g<,1ch) sau khi chQn m.iu g<,lch (Pattern), b:,lIl Ira l<;ti hl)p Halch Oplions Hatching Styte , ® M,ormal Pattern Type , ® Siored tiaLch PaLLern ° l!"~D.I;",d P,n,," lUI 0 2"", 9 1 ~anern 1 ~I =::::=::====~ LO_'::. '"_"_,, _____ ' Scale: 1,,0000 Angle: 10 I 0 Exploded HaLch ~=~ I I 0 D ubI!!" 1I;!\t:h ~opy Existing Halch ( OK 1 Cancel I Hmh 5·1: 116p thO"li "Hal\;h Options" . LLLLLLL LLLLL LL LLLLLLL ! -LLLLLL Choose Hatch Pettern NOTE: ~ patterns not to scate. ~M~ ~:17/~ ANSI34 ANSI35 ANSI36 ANSI37 amO. ANSI3B AR-BB16 AR-BB16C AR+BBB II." I I Cancel I Hinh 5 1: 110p Iho:,11 "Choo,c Hutch 0plions", Iho.~i "I-Ialeh Oplion" de chQIl kieu g<,lch sQC (Style) a 0 "Hatching Style" n~m a ben phai. Co 3 ki~u gi)ch: - N (Normal): day la kieu ma sau khi chQIl nhit!u duong bac thl m~11 cill dl1<;'C 10 tu duong ngoai cung (s6Ie) toi duOnS bilo kc tiep, sau d6 khtlng g',lch cho 16i dtrons bao tier theo h.li S<,lch vv , (hlnh 5-4a), ·0 (Outer): voi kieu nay. m~H cal chi du(1C t6 IU dl10ng ngolli dillS loi duong Irong k6 n6 ma IhOi (hlnh 5-4b). - I (Ignore): m~1I cJ.1 se du(1C Itl tu dUOng bao ngoai cung va phil 10~1Il bO ben lrong. bO qua cac dlCOng bao mim Irong da du(1C chon (hinh 5-4c). Chu y: N~u han kh6ng chi m ki ~ u gach n;lo, ACAD chlln ki~u mac dmh N 50 0). Normal b).O ler • c).lgnore Hinh 5-4 + () exploded Hatch: (phan ra kh6i gl,lch sQc) Tilt d cac duang g~ch sQc duqc xem nhu mqt kh6i (Block). Khi bi.~n mu6n kh6i do Ira thanh dc dtrang rieng bi¢t, b':lfl danh dau va~ 6 vuong nho dau dong "Exploded Hatch". D~ la.m diell do, b~n cling co the dung I¢nh EXPLODE sau khi dii g~ch roi. + () copy existing Hatch: sao cMp mall d5. g~ch. Sau khi b~n da chQn xong mau (Pattern), kieu (Style) g~ch sQc Irong hqp thm.li "Halch Option", b<.l11 an OK dong hQp tho~i nay, tro ve hQp Iho~i chfnh "Boundary Hatch". Bay gia b~n dn chon liep mien ke sQc IU dong "Define Hatch Area" bhng hai c;:"ich nhL! sall: b. 0 Pick Point B'.lll Click chuqt vao 6 nay, ACAD nhk b~1l chQIl I diem trong vllllg kin dn g'.lch: Select intcral point: <eho I di6m a ben (rong mien din g<.tch> ACAD se tlf dQng dlfng I Polyline kin bao quanh mien nay va g<;lch (hlnh 5-5). Cit.:. y: Sau khi b4n chQIl I diC:m trollg miell gf.ICh, ACAD si! di'! 11m (\wJng bao giln no nhat M dl!ng lhimh dubng bao Polyline eho miCn g,!cli. Neu di6m d6 b ngoai dlIung I!m th<"iy. ACAD s;: Ihollg bilO ri1ng: Poin1 is outside of boundary (diem chc,m b Ilgoai dlIong bao). x Pick oint Chon mi~n g'.lch Hi.nh 5-5 Hinh 5-6 chi ra ding diem chQn PI a trong dtrang Iron, nhlmg l~i gan dU'ang bao hlnh vuong han, eha nen ACAD se thong bao rang diem a ngoai duong bao. B~n hay chQIl 11;li. B<.tn cung co the chQn Pick point a mifn trong cung trU'ac roi chQn Pick Point ra mi6n ngoai sau. VI d~ tren hlllh 5-6, dau tien b<;ln co the chQn Po Irong hlnh vuong, roi P2 a ngoai hlnh vuong. c. Select object Neu click phfm chu¢t vao 6 nay d~ ChQll cac duang P~Gl XP2~ 2) llinh 5-6 51 baa cua mi~n g<;lch sQc, b<;tJl dung dc each chQn d6i tuqng de tra 10i dong nhi1c "Select object:" . d. View sellections Nhan ph{m chu('lt vao 0 nay d~ xem I~i cac duong bao da chQn a tren. e. Preview Hatch ChQn 0 nay d~ xem tru'Oc vung g<;lch dft duqc nhu y chua. r. Advanced Options : cac chue nang nang cao. g. Apply B<;ln a:n vao () nay, ACAD se ap d~t ta:t cae h!a chQn g~ch SQC da d~t a tren vao ban ve va k€t thue l~nh BHATCH. h. Anolher B¥t click vao 0 nay, h"p tho~i chinh "Boundary Hatch" I~i hi~n ra de: b,.m tien hanh g~ch s(Jc mj~n khac . • Anh huimg cua cac dutmg g<;lch sQc tm dong Text, Attribute, Solide Khi chQn ca c duemg bao mien g'.lch, b'.ln chQn d. cac d6i tuqng nay, thi cac dut'mg g~ch SQC se tI! d"ng ngat di khi g~p chung; trit khi b~n ch(Jn ki~u g~ch la "l"(Ignore). Vi df:.l: G'.lch m~t cat cho h'inh Ve tren hinh 5-7 a tren, sao cho cac duemg g'.lch kh{)ng de len chi} "Ban may". B'.ln hay tam nhu sau: Command: bhatch - Trong h('lp tho~i "Boundary Hatch" hay chi vao "Hatch Option" va chQn Pattern la ZIGZAG, chQn Scale = 24. Angle = 0 va an OK. - Trong h¢p tho'.li "Boundary Hatch", hay chi vao () "Select MInh 5-7 object", sau do chI vao dong chu "BAN MAy" va a:n Enter. Tra liili h('lp thoiili "Boundary Hatch" d~ chQn mien g'.lch bang "Pick point", cu6i cling la "Apply". K€t qua mi~n S<;lch nhu hinh 5-7 a tren. - 52 5.1.2. HATCH '" Okh gQi l¢nh HATCH tu Menu: ~ ~~ ~ Screen Menll > ORA W·> Hatch Menu Bar > DRAW > Hatch •• C'. _ - , _ • GO l~nh tit bail phlm: Command: ' hatch. Pattern(? or namelUlStyle)< ••. >: B¥t tre! lai dong rmik do: +?: ACAD li¢t ke ra danh sach dc ten Pattern co trong file acad.pat + Go ten mao g~ch SQC vao: ACAD se hoi ti€p: Scale for pattern< >: <cho ty l¢> Angle for pattern< >: <cho goc nghicng dut'mg g'.lch> + U: dt d!nh nghla mau g~eh dan gian: Angle for cross hatch line< >: <cho gOc nghieng> Spacing between Line< >: <cho khming each cac duemg g~ch> Double hatch area?< >: <go Y di g~ch cheo 2 chi6u nghieng, N - 1 chitu> + S: de chon kieu g~eh (Style: N. I. 0). B~n cung co th~ xac dinh kiiu g~ch b&ng each them N, I hay 0 vao sau ten mau g~ch s,?c co da'u ph.iy ngan each nhu vi d\,l sau day: ' Command: hatch Pattern\? or name/U/Style)< >: BRICK. 0 5.2. GHI KICH THUOC (DIM) 5.2.1. Caeh ghi kich thuoe Nhu ta biet kich thu6c g6m 3 thanh pMn nhu sau: (hlnh 5-8) . Dlmentlon nne \ Dimention text 92 1 - Extention line: dUOng dong - Dimension line: dUOng kich thUdC - Dimenion text: chu so kfch thu6c * c.ach gQi l~nh DIM tu Menu: Extention / ~ Ext.nlion fine i i Un. '. Screen Menu> DIM Menu Bar>DRAW> Dimentions * G5 l~nh tu ban phim: Command: dim (ho~c dim 1) Dim: . Hinh 5-8 lh\ Ibi dong nhiic nay b~ng each go 3 chu cai dau ella cae l¢nh con sau: HORizontal, VIRtieal. ALIgned. ROTated. ANGular. DIAmeter. RADius. CENter. LEAder. UNDo. EXIt. Y nghia clla cac l~nh con nhu sau: + HOR ho;).c VER: de dinh huemg dudng kich thuac nam ngang hay th~ng dUng. + ALI: duemg kich thuac ttl J!nh huang phil hoP vai d6i tuqng ghi kich thuac. Vi du: (hlnh 5-9) Command: dim Dim: ali First extention line origin or return to select: .J Select line, arc, or circle: PI (chi diim tren d6i tuqng ghi kieh !huGe) Dimension line location: P2 (chQn diim rna duemg !cieh thu/Jc di qua) Dimension text < >: <cho chu sO kich thuOc> + ROT: t~o dUOng kich thu6c nghieng m<)t g6c so vai phucmg nam ngang (0°). Vi d u : (hlnh5-1O) Command: dim Dim: ROT Hinh 5·9 Dimension Hne angle: -45 (cho goc nghieng cua duemg kich thudc) rl {s\. e'l' \.en\\on \ine ori.gi.n or return to select: PI Seeond extention line origin: P2 Dimension line location: P3 53 Dimension text < >: 40 + ANG: de! ghi kich thl1ac g6c. p, Dim: ANG Select are, circle, line or RETURN: - Nell g6c do cuu I cUIIg (Arc): (hlnh 5-l1a) sau khi b~n chQn cung do, dong nhac ti~p theo la: P2 54 Dimension arcc line 10cation(TextfAngle): <cho V! tri dl1Cmg kich thl16"c> Dimension text< >: <cho chG: s6 kich thl1<Jc> . Hlob 5-10 Enter text location (or RETURN); «ho v~ tri d~t Ch[f so kich thl1<Jc> - Ntu gal' do Iii J 1'/1(111 dilimg trim (Circle): (htnh 5-11 b) Dim: ANG Select arc, circle, line or RETURN: <chi vao dl1Cmg tron t<;ti dii::m dau cung ghi kich thl1<JC PI» Second angle endpoint: <chi diem P2 la mut thli: 2 clla cung ghi kkh thl1<Jc> Dimension arcc line 10cation(Text/Angle): <vi tri dl1Cmg kich thl1<Jc P3> Dimension text< >: <cho chu s6 kich thl1Ctc> Enter text location (or RETURN): «ho vi tri d~t chG: s6 kich thuCtc> - Ne'u gOl" xue dfl1h hOi 2 dO(jn ,hang (Line): (hinh 5-l1c) Dim: ANG Select are, circle, line or RETURN: <chi vuo dUCmg th~ng thu 1: PI> Second line: <chi vao dl1Cmg th~ng thu 2: P2> Dimension arcc line location(TextfAngle): <vi tri dUCmg kich thl1ac P3> Dimension text<. >: <cho chG: s6 kich thuCtc> Enter text location (or RETURN): <cho vi tri d~t chG: s6 kich thuac> P' Hloh 5-11 - Nell gol' xul' dil/II hOi 3 ditfm (PI, P2, P3): (hinh 5-11d) Dim: ANG Select are, circle, line or RETURN: <enter> Angle vertext: <ch<;m dinh goc> First angle endpoint: <chQn mut c<;lnh thu 1 > Second angle endpoint: <ch<;>n mut qInh thu 2> Dimension arcc line location(Text/Angle); «ho v~ tri dU'Cmg kic;h thU'crc P4> Dimension text< >: <cho chu s6 kich thU'crc> Enter text location (or RETIJRN): <cho vi tri d~t chu s6 kich thU'crc> + DIA: de ghi kfch thU'<Jc dU'Cmg kinh cho dm'mg tron hay cung tron. Dim: Dia Select arc or circle: Dimension text< >: Chuy: <chi vao dU'Cmg tron hay cung tron> <cho chu s6 kich thm1c> 1- DWng kich thU'l'1e sf di qua diim P dii chi ratren duemg tron (hlnh 5- !2a). 2- Neu ehi~u Jai dWng k.kh thut1e khOng diJ eho ehu ,,6 k{Ch thuCK: ml.m trong thl ACAD nhflc b,!-n dua chi~u dai dU'oog dan ra (Leader). ehu s6kfch Ihuoe n.im cuoi dUlmg dan nay (hlnh 5-12b): Enter leader \cngth for text: <eho chit'!u dili dU'ong dan, ho~c eho diem E cu6i duUng dan>. aJ hJ Hloh 5-12 + RAD: d~ ghi kfch thU'<]c ban kfnh cung tron ~ t/2 dU'Cmg tron. cac bU'crc ghi cling tU'C1I1g tl! nhU' l~nh DIR noi tren. Vi du: (hinh 5-13) Dim: Select arc or circle: RAD <chi viio cung trim t~i diem PI> Dimension text< >: 30 + CEN: d~ danh da.'u tAm, dU'Cmg ta.m cho cung trim ho~c dU'Cmg trim. Dl) Um cua da'u tAm dllqc di~u khien qua bien DimCEN (xem philn cu6i chuang nay). Dim: CEN ~ ;: 036 E lfinh 5-13 Select arc or circle: <chi vao dtKmg tron hay cung tron> R 30 + LEA: t~o dU'Cm.g dan ra ngoai hinh de ghi kich thU'oc. Khi do ta dn tra 1(:j'i ti~p cae chi dan sau : . Dim: LEA Leader start: <cho diem dau dU'Cmg dAn> To point: <cho di~m tiep theo> 55 To point: .J Dimension text< >: <cho chii so kich thuoc van> Vi d~: (hlnh 5-14) Dill): LEA Leader start: P1 To point: P2 To point: P3 To pOint: P4 To point: .J + P2 P3 X X p., Dimension text: 50 Hlnh 5-14 }r __ 050 P4 + CON va BAS (Continue, Rasline): 13. 21¢nh con de ghi.cac kich thuoc noi tiep nhau (CON), hoi,ic ghi cac kkh thu6c cung I chua.n (BAS), xem vi d~ duoi dfty. Vi d~: (hlnh 5-15a) I: 50 80 1 P 20 iPl I p2 P3 b) Hlnh 5-15 Command: dim Dill): HOR First extention line origin or return to select: Second extention line. origin: Dimension line location: Dimension text: 34 Dill): CON 34 32 • A <chQn g6c clla duemg dong thu nh<1't: P> <chQn g6c clla duemg dong thd hai: P1> <cho vi tff duemg kk~ thuac: A> Second extention line origin or return to .select: <SOC duimg dong thu hai: P2> Dimension continue text<32>: .J Dill): CON Second extention line origin or return to select: <chQn g6c clla dUCmg dong thu ba: P3> Dimension continue text<33>: .J L¢nh BAS cling thl,lc hi~n woog t'! nhu CON (hlnh5-15b). + ORD (Ordinate): l~nh nay dung M ghi kich thuac theo t«;la dQ tll 1 diem d~c tnmg (Feature) Dill): ORD Select feature: <cho diem d~c tnmg - g6c xuft"t phat: P> Leader endpoint(X, V): <cho diem mut Cl'ia dU<mg dan, ho~c cho hoanh d¢ X hay tung dQ Y> ffinh 5-16 minh h9:t cach ghi kfch thu6c dung lenh ORD. 56 o o p .j P (100, '40) o "' lp" P1 I P'2 140 P2 '20 r 1\ 105 '- V 90 Q Hinh 5-16 5.2.2. Cae I~nh hi~u ehlnh kich (huac + OBL (Oblique): dung M chinh duang d6ng nghi~ng di so voi khoang each can ghi kich thuGe cho kfch thuoe da c6 truac. OUI Y rang l¢nh nay chi c6 tac d.tJ.ng khi bi€n DimASO a tf<;lng thai ON (tue 13, kich thuac la I kh6i . block). Vi d~: (hinh 5-17). Dim: OBL I 50 I / 50 7 DO Select object: <ch9n kich thuac da co> a) Tn.rftc Ohlique Select object: l Enter obliquing angle (RETURN for none): 60 b) Sau Oblique 60° H1nh 5-17 + NEWTEXT: d~ thay d6i n(li dung chil s6 kich thuac da co. Dim: . NEWTEXT Enter new dimension text: <cho chl1 so kfch thuac mai> Select object: <chQn chu s6 kkh thuac can thay> B~n co the dung ky hi¢u < > d~ sir dl,mg gia tT! kich thulle ACAD do duqc. + TEDIT (Text Edit): thay d6i vi tri chu s6 kich thuoc so v6i duemg kich thuac. Dim: TEDIT Select dimension: <chQu kich thlIlJc can 'slta> Enter text location (Left/Right/HomeJAng1e): <cho vi trl chiJ 56 mai: tnii/phai/ mi;ic d!nh/goc xoay> Hinh 5·18 minh h<;m cac chiJ so kfch thlIdc trucrc va sau khi dung lEDIT hi¢u chinh. 60 40 Hinh goe a) TEDIT -Ang le20" b) Ifmh 5·18 60 40 ~I TEO IT -L!R c) + HOME TEXT: neu chiJ so kich thuoc: da dai khoi V! trl m?-c d!nh, b':ln muon dua n6 tra ve vi tri cli thi hay dung l¢nh HOMElEXT. Dim: HOMETEXT Select object: <chQn kich thudc> + TROTATE (Text Rotate): dung de xoay chu s6 kich thuac di~ 1 goc (tuang t1,l" nhu dung lua ch9n Angle !rang l~nh TEDIn. (hinh 5-18) Dim: 1ROTATE Enter new text angle: <cho gOc xoay> Select object: <chQn kich thudc can xoay> 57 . LLLLLLL LLLLL LL LLLLLLL ! -LLLLLL Choose Hatch Pettern NOTE: ~ patterns not to scate. ~M~ ~: 17/ ~ ANSI34 ANSI35 ANSI36 ANSI 37 amO. ANSI3B AR-BB16 AR-BB16C AR+BBB II." I I. nhu hinh 5 -7 a tren. - 52 5.1.2. HATCH '" Okh gQi l¢nh HATCH tu Menu: ~ ~~ ~ Screen Menll > ORA W·> Hatch Menu Bar > DRAW > Hatch •• C'. _ - , _ • GO. thu6c g6m 3 thanh pMn nhu sau: (hlnh 5-8 ) . Dlmentlon nne Dimention text 92 1 - Extention line: dUOng dong - Dimension line: dUOng kich thUdC - Dimenion text: chu so kfch thu6c