ptg ptg HTML Manual of Style From the Library of Wow! eBook ptg This page intentionally left blank From the Library of Wow! eBook ptg HTML M  S A Clear, Concise Reference for Hypertext Markup Language (Including HTML) Fourth Edition Larry Aronson Upper Saddle River, NJ • Boston • Indianapolis • San Francisco New York • Toronto • Montreal • London • Munich • Paris • Madrid Cape Town • Sydney • Tokyo • Singapore • Mexico City From the Library of Wow! eBook ptg Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. e author and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. e publisher oers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales, which may include electronic versions and/or custom covers and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, and branding interests. For more information, please contact: U.S. Corporate and Government Sales 800-382-3419 corpsales@pearsontechgroup.com For sales outside the United States, please contact: International Sales international@pearson.com Visit us on the Web: informit.com/aw Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Aronson, Larry. HTML manual of style : a clear, concise reference for hypertext markup language (including HTML5) / Larry Aronson. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-321-71208-0 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Hypertext systems. 2. HTML (Document markup language) I. Title. QA76.76.H94A7624 2010 006.7’4 dc22 2010031013 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. is publication is pro- tected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to: Pearson Education, Inc. Rights and Contracts Department 501 Boylston Street, Suite 900 Boston, MA 02116 Fax 617-671-3447 ISBN-13: 978-0-321-71208-0 ISBN-10: 0-321-71208-0 Text printed in the United States on recycled paper at RR Donnelley in Crawfordsville, IN. Editor-in-Chief Mark Taub Acquisitions Editor Trina MacDonald Development Editor Songlin Qiu Managing Editor Kristy Hart Project Editor Anne Goebel Copy Editor Gayle Johnson Indexer Erika Millen Proofreader Apostrophe Editing Services Technical Reviewers Elliotte Rusty Harold Benjamin Schupak Publishing Coordinator Olivia Basegio Interior Designer Bumpy Design Cover Designer Anne Jones From the Library of Wow! eBook ptg is book is dedicated to my wife, Heidi Cohen, a much better writer than I am, who provided encouragement and inspiration throughout the project. It was also written in fond memory of people who were major forces in my life, especially my parents, Manny and Dorothy Aronson, and my friends Andy Cohen, Bobo Lewis, Milan Stitt, and Lynne igpen. From the Library of Wow! eBook ptg Contents at a Glance Acknowledgments xii About the Author xiii Preface xiv 1 HTML and the Web 2 2 e HTML Language 24 3 Elements of Style 114 4 Using HTML 180 5 Building Websites 208 A HTML5 Quick Reference 267 B CSS Properties 279 Index 305 From the Library of Wow! eBook ptg Table of Contents Acknowledgments xii About the Author xiii Preface xiv Chapter 1 HTML and the Web 2 HTML: e Language of the Web 3 A Bit of Web History 7 Hypertext Content and Online Media 11 Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) 11 Web Browsers and Servers 12 e Web Bestiary 15 HTML5 and Web Standards 19 Do We All Have to Learn HTML5 Now? 21 Summary 21 Chapter 2 The HTML Language 24 Language Overview 25 Page Structure and the DOM 31 HTML5 Syntax 35 Comments 35 Character Entities 36 Markup Elements 37 HTML5 Semantics 40 HTML Attributes 51 Event Handlers 55 From the Library of Wow! eBook ptg Block Elements 57 Headings 57 Paragraphs, Block Quotes, and Address Blocks 61 Lists 67 Division and Section Elements 73 Tables 77 Links and Anchors 85 Uniform Resource Locators 86 Anchor States 88 Anchor Attributes 89 Inline Images 90 Audio and Video 95 Input Forms 99 e HTML5 Canvas 110 Summary 113 Chapter 3 Elements of Style 114 Cascading Style Sheets 115 CSS Selectors 119 Pseudo-Classes and Pseudo-Elements 124 Typography 128 Font Style 131 Font Weight 131 Font Variant 132 Font Size 132 Font 136 Colors 138 Background Properties 141 Text Properties 144 text-align 144 text-decoration 144 From the Library of Wow! eBook ptg text-indent 146 text-transform 146 line-height 146 Letter and Word Spacing 148 white space 150 vertical-align 150 Box Properties 152 Height and Width 153 Margins and Padding 154 Borders 157 List Styles 161 CSS Positioning 166 Other CSS Properties 171 Display and Visibility 172 Overow 177 Float and Clear 177 Summary 178 Chapter 4 Using HTML 180 Tools of the Trade 182 Blogging 185 Google Docs 192 eBay Selling 198 Wikipedia 200 HTML Email 203 Summary 207 Chapter 5 Building Websites 208 Development Approaches 209 Content or Service Site? 211 Static or Dynamic Content? 212 From the Library of Wow! eBook . 0 211 6 Fax 61 7-6 7 1- 3 447 ISBN -1 3 : 97 8-0 -3 2 1- 7 12 0 8-0 ISBN -1 0 : 0-3 2 1- 7 12 0 8-0 Text printed in the United States on recycled paper at RR Donnelley in Crawfordsville, IN. Editor-in-Chief Mark Taub Acquisitions. 95 Input Forms 99 e HTML5 Canvas 11 0 Summary 11 3 Chapter 3 Elements of Style 11 4 Cascading Style Sheets 11 5 CSS Selectors 11 9 Pseudo-Classes and Pseudo-Elements 12 4 Typography 12 8 Font Style 13 1 Font. Weight 13 1 Font Variant 13 2 Font Size 13 2 Font 13 6 Colors 13 8 Background Properties 14 1 Text Properties 14 4 text-align 14 4 text-decoration 14 4 From the Library of Wow! eBook ptg text-indent 14 6 text-transform