[...]... Massachusetts, Amherst in 1962, M.S in nutrition and food science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1964, and Ph.D in biochemistry from the University of California, Davis in 1968 Dr Glew has taught medical biochemistry at half a dozen medical schools and teaching hospitals in the United States and West Africa Drs Rosenthal and Glew previously coedited Clinical Studies in Medical Biochemistry. .. usually involve cleavage of C-0, C-N, or C-C bonds Most intracellular catabolic pathways are oxidative and involve transfer of reducing equivalents (hydrogen atoms) to nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NADf) or flavineadenine dinucleotide (FAD) The reducing equivalents in the resulting NADH or 4 INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM OH OH FIGURE 1-2 Structure of adenosine triphosphate FADH2 can then be used in biosynthetic... succinyl-CoA Hydroxylations in the synthesis of collagen, norepinephrine, and camitine y -Carboxylation of glutamate residues 2.3.2.3 Niacin (Vitamin 8 3 ) Niacin is a component of NAD+ (nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide) (Fig 2-2A), and NADP+ (nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate), which participate in many redox reactions, such as those catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase and fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase... 2-3.2.70 Vitamin K The two major dietary molecules with vitamin K activity are menaquinone, synthesized by bacteria, and phylloyuinone, a product of green plants Vitamin K is the cofactor for enzymes that y -carboxylate specific glutamate residues of calcium-binding proteins (Fig 2- 1 I), such as prothrombin and other proteins of the blood-clotting cascade, and osteocalcin, a major bone protein Vitamin K undergoes... Cobalarnin (B12) N-Carboxybiotinyl lysine Tetrahydrofolate ( T K ) Methylcobalarnin Adenosyl cobalamin Ascorbic acid (C) Ascorbic acid Phylloquinone (K) Menaquinone (K) Vitamin K hydroquinone (KH2) Oxidation-reduction Acyl transfer Transamination and deamination of amino acids Carboxylation One-carbon transfer Methylation of homocysteine to methionine Conversion of methylmalony-CoA to succinyl-CoA... example, operates mainly during a period of fasting, and its primary function is to maintain the concentration of glucose in the circulation at levels that are required by glucose-dependent tissues such as the brain and red blood cells Another example of a metabolic pathway is the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which oxidizes the two Medical Biochemistry: Human Metabolisni in Health and Disease Copyright... Flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) Flavin-adenine mononucleotide (FMN) Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADf) Coenzyme A (CoASH) Acyl carrier protein (ACP) Pyridoxal phosphate Oxidative decarboxylation of a-ketoacids Oxidation-reduction Riboflavin 8 2 ) Niacin (B3 (nicotinate) Pantothenate (B5) Pyridoxine (B6) Pyridoxal (B6) Pyridoxamine (B6) Biotin (B7)... contextual basis of human metabolism, nutrition, and the molecular bases of disease xi This Page Intentionally Left Blank CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM 1.1 INTRODUCTION Intermediary metabolism is the name given to the sequences of biochemical reactions that degrade, synthesize, or interconvert small molecules inside living cells Knowledge of the core metabolic pathways and their interrelations is... Svnthesis of nonessential amino acids Fatty acid and ketogenesis I AMINO ACIDS 1 FIGURE 1-3 Possible interconversions of the three major metabolic fuels in humans Note that glucose and amino acids cannot be synthesized from (even-carbon)fatty acids 1.3.3 Only Certain Metabolic Reactions Occur in Human Metabolism It is important to appreciate that although humans possess the machinery to interconvert many dietary... Page Intentionally Left Blank THE AUTHORS Miriam D Rosenthal, Ph.D., is Professor of Biochemistry at Eastern Virginia Medical School She received her B.A in biology from Swarthmore College in 1963, followed by M.S (1968) and Ph.D (1974) degrees in biology from Brandeis University Since 1977, Dr Rosenthal has developed curricula, provided instruction, and conducted assessment of medical and other health . Rosenthal and Robert H. Glew. Medical biochemistry : Human metabolism in health and disease / p. ; cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-470-1 2237-2 [DNLM: 1. Metabolism. 2. Metabolic Diseases SYNTHESIS AND TRANSPORT STEROIDS AND BILE ACIDS NITROGEN HOMEOSTASIS AMINO ACIDS SULFUR AMINO ACID METABOLISM FOLATE AND VITAMIN 612 IN ONE-CARBON METABOLISM PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES HEME AND. tools to comprehend and appreciate the detailed resources-both print and electronic-that contain the ever-expanding body of knowledge on human metabolism in health and disease. MIRIAM D.