[...]... Figure 6-5 a–h Figure 6-6 Figure 6-7 Figure 6-8 a–f Figure 6-9 Figure 6-1 0 a–c Figure 7-1 Figure 7-2 Figure 7-3 Figure 7-4 Figure 7-5 a–e Figure 8-1 Figure 8-2 Figure 8-3 Figure 8-4 Figure 9-1 Figure 9-2 Figure 9-3 Figure 9-4 Figure 9-5 Figure 9-6 Figure 9-7 Figure 9-8 Figure 1 0-1 Figure 1 0-2 Figure 1 0-3 Figure 1 0-4 Figure 1 0-5 Figure 1 0-6 Figure 1 0-7 Figure 1 1-1 Figure 1 1-2 Figure A-1 Figure A-2 Land... Plates, and Tables Figures Figure 1-1 Figure 1-2 a–c Figure 1-3 Figure 1-4 Figure 2-1 Figure 2-2 Figure 2-3 Figure 2-4 Figure 3-1 Figure 3-2 Figure 3-3 Figure 4-1 Figure 4-2 Figure 4-3 Figure 4-4 Figure 4-5 Figure 4-6 Figure 5-1 Figure 5-2 a–e Figure 5-3 Figure 5-4 Figure 5-5 Figure 6-1 a–c Sample Development Site, a Fifty-Acre Farm Hypothetical Contexts for Fifty-Acre Farm Habitat Requirements for the... Table 7-1 Table 7-2 Table 8-1 Table 8-2 Table 9-1 Table 1 0-1 Different Viewpoints among Professional Disciplines Scale and Context for Planning and Conservation Major Human Sources of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Enrichment Stream Characteristics Effects of Land Use on Freshwater Ecosystems and Biodiversity Values and Functions of Different Types of Natural Areas Types of Corridors Sample Species-Area Relationships... Long-Term Effect of Fires in Yellowstone National Park Reserves and Corridors Using Ecological Data in Land Use Planning Portland 2040 Regional Plan Conservation Subdivision Design Site Ecology Map Ecological Context Map Rural Cluster Plan Village Cluster Plan Local Ecology Map Regional Context Map Natural Hazards Map Community Land Use Plan Tables Table 1-1 Table 6-1 Table 6-2 Table 6-3 Table 6-4 Table... themselves to health and safety risks from violent storms, wildfire, disease organisms, and other natural hazards • Retaining natural areas in cities and suburbs tends to increase real estate values, quality of life, and community desirability, thus increasing profitability for land developers and economic competitiveness for communities and regions • In national and local polls, citizens consistently... large-scale applications, examining the factors that should inform the design of nature reserves and the ways in which human and ecological needs can be integrated across entire landscapes We then move to the scale of communities and sites to discuss the design of smaller parks and nature areas as well as techniques for managing and restoring land Next, we present a range of practical planning and design... based planning and design, but we do not presuppose a great deal of background in these subjects A major goal of the book is to synthesize and present relevant scientific information in a form that can help answer the questions that land use professionals and informed citizens face every day Introduction We also assume that readers are already interested in creating land use plans, designs, and decisions... chance and change? The second part is a primer on ecology and conservation biology that emphasizes those aspects of the field most relevant to planners, designers, developers, and other interested in land use: How does nature change over time? How predictable are these changes, and what does this mean for planning? How do organisms and species interact in nature? What causes populations of plants and animals... more than 3.5 million people to their combined population Each year, our appetite for land and resources grows as we demand more housing, more cars, more roads, more food, more forest products, and more leisure opportunities As the human world expands, we leave less room and fewer resources for native species and ecosystems, and the natural world suffers So, too, do we ourselves suffer when we fail to... Colorado Landslide in Monteverde, Costa Rica Long-Term Effects from Yellowstone National Park Fires Red-Legged Frog Range Map Metapopulations in Urbanizing Areas Source and Sink Populations Food Web of Red-Legged Frog Beaver Pond Patches, Corridors, and Matrices 8 14 18 19 22 23 24 31 38 41 43 54 55 57 58 63 65 73 78 79 83 89 94 List of Figures, Color Plates, and Tables Figure 6-2 Figure 6-3 Figure 6-4 Figure . data. Perlman, Dan L. Practical Ecology for Planners, Developers, and citizens / Dan L. Perlman, Jeffrey C. Milder. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-5 596 3-6 3 4-3 (cloth : alk Richard T. T. Forman, whose life’s work has helped humans live more harmoniously with nature Practical Ecology for Planners, Developers, and Citizens Dan L. Perlman • Jeffrey C. Milder Island Press washington about Scale 95 Form and Function of Matrices, Patches, and Corridors 97 Land Mosaics, Land Transformation, and Implications for Planning 110 Ecosystem Ecology 118 Freshwater Ecosystems and Their