Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System HÖ thèng treo SUSPENSION SYSTEM Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Suspension System Description Shock absorber Spring Torsion beam Spring S i Stabilizer Shock absorber Suspension arm Lower arm (1/1) Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Suspension System Oscillation and Driving Comfort 1.Sprung weight and unsprung weight Sprung weight Unsprung weight Sprung weight Sprung weight Unsprung weight U i ht Unsprung weight (1/3) Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Suspension System 2.Oscillation of sprung weight Oscillation and Driving Comfort (1) Pitching (2) Rolling (3) Bouncing (4) Yawing (2/3) Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Suspension System 3.Oscillation of unsprung weight Oscillation and Driving Comfort (1) Hopping (2) Tramping (3) Wind-up (3/3) Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Suspension System Suspension Types and Characteristics (1) Ri id axle suspension Rigid l i (2) Independent suspension (1/3) Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Suspension System Suspension Types and Characteristics (1) Ri id axle suspension Rigid l i (2) Independent suspension (1/3) Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Suspension System Suspension Types and Characteristics (1) Ri id axle suspension Rigid l i (2) Independent suspension (1/3) Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Suspension System Suspension Types and Characteristics (1) Trailing arm type with torsion beam (2) Parallel leaf spring type (3) Leading arm type with lateral rod, trailing arm type with lateral rod (4) 4-link type (2/3) Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Suspension System Suspension Types and Characteristics (1) Trailing arm type with torsion beam Trailing T ili arm Torsion beam Stabilizer bar No lift-up (2/3) Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Springs Types of spring 3.Coil springs Spring rod Progressive spring Load Load Taper coil spring Unequal-pitch spring Conical springs Lo oad Progressive spring Flexure (4/6) Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Springs 4.Torsion bar springs/ 5.Rubber springs Types of spring Torsion bar springs Opposing torsion Fixed end of torsion bar Torsion Torsion applied to end of bar by lever Rubber springs Rubber cushion Springs bumper (5/6) Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Springs Types of spring 6.Air springs Air chamber Rolling diaphragm (6/6) Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Shock Absorbers Description Spring Tire Shock absorber Suspension linkage & axle li k l Amplitude without Shock absorber with Shock absorber Time (1/1) Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Shock Absorbers Principal of operation Orifice Piston Compression Expansion Compression Valve Expansion Piston speed mping force Dam Dam mping force Expansion Damping force f 1.Principal of operation Description Piston speed p Compression High (firm) Medium (sports) Low (soft) Piston speed Low (soft) Medium (sports) High (firm) (1/1) Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Shock Absorbers Description 2.Types Classification of shock absorbers Single-action by Operation Multiple-action Mono-tube by Construction Twin-tube Hydraulic by Working medium Gas-filled (1/1) Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Shock Absorbers Construction and Operation 1.Mono-tube type Piston rod Rod guide Oil seal Rebound stopper R b d t Upper chamber Piston valve Lower chamber Free piston Protector Nitrogen gas (High pressure) (1/4) Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Shock Absorbers Construction and Operation During bounding (compression) During rebounding (expansion) (2/4) Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Shock Absorbers Construction and Operation 2.Twin-tube type Bumper stopper Ring nut Oil seal Gasket Air g Rod guide Absorber shell Piston rod Cylinder pp Rebound stopper Piston valve Reservoir Piston rod Piston Base valve Gas (Low pressure) Piston valve Low-pressure gas-filled type Fluid Base valve (3/4) Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Shock Absorbers Construction and Operation During bounding (compression) Chamber B Piston rod Non-return valve Orifice Leaf valve Reservoir chamber R i h b Piston & piston valve Chamber A Non-return valve Orifice Leaf valve Base valve B l Piston rod’s speed of motion high Non-return valve Leaf valve Leaf valve Piston valve Piston rod’s speed of motion low Orifice Piston valve Base valve Orifice Base valve (4/4) Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Shock Absorbers Construction and Operation During bounding (expansion) Chamber B Non-return valve Orifice Piston & piston valve p Leaf valve Reservoir chamber Piston rod Orifice Chamber A Non-return valve Leaf valve Base valve Non-return valve Piston rod’s speed of motion high Leaf l L f valve Piston valve Piston rod’s speed of motion low Orifice Piston valve Base valve Orifice Base valve (4/4) Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Shock Absorbers Servicing Precautions 1.Handling of shock absorbers/ 2.Handling of gas-filled shock absorbers (1/3) Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Shock Absorbers 3.Evacuation of gas Servicing Precautions (1) Ducarbon type Hole 10mm Gas Free piston Vinyl bag Drill (2∼3φmm) Rubber band (2) Non-disassemblable MacPherson strut type Non disassemblable Drill area (3) Disassemblable MacPherson strut type SST (2/3) Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Shock Absorbers 4.Installation of cartridge type low-pressure gas-filled shock absorbers Servicing Precautions Strut type Ring nut Cartridge Piston rod with cylinder (3/3) Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Suspension System Spring offset Centerline of spring Piston rod Rod guide a A B b Bending force Piston Inner shell Spindle Reactive force by spring off-setting Load (1/1) ... p Compression High (firm) Medium (sports) Low (soft) Piston speed Low (soft) Medium (sports) High (firm) (1/ 1) Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Shock Absorbers... (1/ 3) Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Suspension System 2.Oscillation of sprung weight Oscillation and Driving Comfort ( 1) Pitching ( 2) Rolling ( 3) Bouncing ( 4). .. (3/ 3) Diagnosis Technician>>Suspension and Steering>>Suspension System Suspension System Suspension Types and Characteristics ( 1) Ri id axle suspension Rigid l i ( 2) Independent suspension (1/3)