Unit 13. FILMS AND CINEMA 1. Adjectives of attitude 2. It is/ was not untill …that … 3. a/an and the. A. Adjectives of attitude or adjectives ending in ‘ –ing’ or ‘ – ed’ (Các tính từ chỉ thái độ hoặc các tính từ tận cùng bằng đuôi –Ing hoặc – ed. a) Một số động từ khi thêm –Ing hoặc - ed được dùng như một tính từ, chúng có nghĩa tương tự nhưng cách dùng thì khác nhau. Cụ thể: * Tính từ ‘ –ing ‘ thường có ý nghĩa “ gây ra” (thường dùng cho vật hoặc sự việc). * Tính từ ‘ –ed’ thường có ý nghĩa là “bị/ được” (thường dùng cho người). Ví dụ:- Learning English is interesting. - Many students are interested in learning English. b) Một số tính từ tận cùng “-ing” và “-ed” thường gặp: V ADJ Nghĩa của từ - amaze amazing/amazed kinh ngạc - amuse amusing/amuzed vui nhộn - bore boring/ bored chán - confuse confusing/ confused khó hiểu/ rối trí - disappoint disappointing/ disappointed thất vọng - excite exciting/ excited hồi hộp - fascinate fascinating/fascinated hấp dẫn - frighten frightening/ frightened sợ hãi - interest interesting/ interested thú vị - please pleasing/ pleased hài lòng - shock shocking/ shocked bị choáng/ sốc - surprise surprising/ surprised ngạc nhiên - tire tiring/ tired mệt nhọc - worry worrying/ worried lo lắng B. It is/ was not untill …that …( cho mãi đến khi/ cho đến tận khi). Untill – được dùng như một giới từ hoặc một liên từ trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian. Ví dụ: - she didn’t get home untill 2 a.m * Chúng ta có thể dùng cấu trúc: “It is / was not until … that …” có nghĩa tương tự, nhưng có phần nhấn mạnh hơn. Ví dụ : - It was not untill 2 a.m that she got home. (Mãi đến 2h sáng cô ấy mới về nhà). * Chú ý: - “ It is / was not until …” phải nối với mệnh đề theo sau bằng THAT không dùng WHEN. Ví dụ: - It was not until 1990 that she got married. → Right. - It was not until 1990 when she got married → Wrong. C. Articles: “ a/ an and the” a) Cách dùng A/ AN. * “A/ AN” – dùng trước một danh từ đếm được số ít, với ý nghĩa là một (one). - “A” – dùng trước một phụ âm Ví dụ: - a house, a car, a man, a teacher,… - “A” được dùng trước các danh từ bắt đầu bằng “u” nhưng phát âm là /ju:/ Ví dụ : a university, a uniform , - “AN” – dùng trước một nguyên âm (u, e, o, a, i). Ví dụ: - an apple, an actor, an old man, an easy job,… => “A/ AN “ – được gọi là mạo từ bất định, nghĩa là không chỉ rõ người nào hoặc vật nào. Ví dụ: - There was a big tree in the garden. - “A/ AN” – thường được dùng trước một nghề nghiệp. Ví dụ: - My uncle is a farmer, and my auntis a housewife. b) Cách dùng “The” - “The” – có thể dùng trước một danh từ không đếm được, danh từ số ít hoặc số nhiều: the water, the pollution, the child,… - “The” – là mạo từ xác định, nghĩa là chỉ rõ người nào hoặc vật nào mà người nói và người nghe đều biết. Ví dụ: - Please! Turn down the television. - “The” – được dùng với danh từ có ý nghĩa là người hoặc vật duy nhất (nên không thể nhầm lẫn). Ví dụ: - the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky, the President,… - “The” – theo sau là tính từ hoặc từ chỉ quốc tịch để chỉ một nhóm người. (Unit 4) Ví dụ: - The poor, the old, the homeless,… - “The” – dùng trước tên sông, biển, đại dương, kênh đào, dãy núi, quần đảo. Ví dụ: - Sông: The Mekong river, the Nile, the Amazon, the Mississippi,… - Biển, đại dương: the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Red sea, the Mediterranean,… - Kênh đào: the Suez Cannal, the Panama Cannal,… - Dãy núi: the Andes, the Alps,… - Quần đảo: the Canaries, the Bahamas, the Hawaiian Islands,… * Chú ý: Không dùng “the” trước tên quốc gia, thành phố, châu lục, một ngọn núi, một hòn đảo. Ví dụ: - Quốc gia: Vietnam, Engliand,… - Thành phố: London, Paris,Hanoi,… - Châu lục: Asia, Europe,… - Ngọn núi: Mount Everest, Mount Fuji,… - Một hòn đảo: Phu quoc Island,… - “The” – trước tên một số quốc gia, thường là khi tên quốc gia đó gồm một tập hợp nhiều từ, hoặc có ý nghĩa số nhiều. Ví dụ: - The Unite Kingdom, the Unite states, the Czech Republic,… - “The” được dùng trong câu so sánh nhất Ví dụ : He is the best student in my class. c) Dùng “a/an” hoặc “the”. Trong một câu, chúng ta thường dùng “a/an” khi đề cập về người hoặc vật đó lần đầu, nếu chúng ta muốn đề cập đến người hoặc vật đó lần 2 thì ta dùng “the”. Ví dụ: - I saw a man walking with a dog in the park this morning. - The man was blind and the dog was leading him. Exercise: I. Comeplete the sentences with the suitable “-ed”, “-ing” form of the words in brackets. 1. The book I’m reading is really _______. (Interest) 2. I’m really ______ in reading this book. (Interest) 3. The girl was ______ about her coming birthday party. (Excite) 4. The match we saw on TV last night was very ______. (Excite) 5. The story I just finished had a very ______ ending. (Surprise) 6. I was really ______ by the ending of the story. (Surprise) 7. The characters in the story are _______ . (Fascinate) 8. The child is really ______ by the characters in the story. (Facsinate) 9. I’m _______ . I can’t understand the instructions on this box. (Confuse) 10. The instructions on the box are _____ . (Confuse) II. Rewrite the following sentences, using “It was not untill … that…” 1. I didn’t finish the report until midnight. → It was not until…………………………………………………………………… 2. The manager didn’t return from his holiday untill Monday. → It was not until…………………………………………………………………… 3. She didn’t answer his phone call until he had phoned her the third time. → It was not until…………………………………………………………………… 4. They didn’t buy the house until the bank had lent them the money. → It was not until…………………………………………………………………… 5. Denise didn’t know the truth until we had told her. → It was not until…………………………………………………………………… 6. The work on the new bridge wasn’t completed until the end of 2004. → It was not until…………………………………………………………………… 7. Julia didn’t notice me untill I had shouted to her. → It was not until…………………………………………………………………… 8. Olivia didn’t leave the office until everybody had gone home. → It was not until…………………………………………………………………… 9. No one could leave the stadium until 2.30. → It was not until…………………………………………………………………… 10.She wasn't allowed to open her presents until her birthday. → It was not untill…………………………………………………………………… 11.We didn't have any holiday until last summer. → It was not until…………………………………………………………………… 12. She didn't stop learning German until the age of 24. → It was not until…………………………………………………………………… 13. I couldn't finish my project until Mark helped me. → It was not until…………………………………………………………………… 14. I didn't sleep until midnight. → It was not until…………………………………………………………………… 15. They didn't pay the bill until the electricity was cut off. → It was not until…………………………………………………………………… 16. I couldn't comment further until I had all the information. → It was not until…………………………………………………………………… III. Finish the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one. 1. It was not until she was twenty – nine that Paula decided to get married. → Paula ………………………………………………………………… 2. It was not until the sun had risen that I woke up. → I ………………………………………………………………… 3. It was not until I had showed it to him that Simon realized his mistake. → Simon ………………………………………………………………… 4. It was not until the spring came that the ice on the lake thawed. → The ice ………………………………………………………………… 5. It was not until the building was almost burned down that the firemen arrived. → The firemen ………………………………………………………………… 6. It was not until it had stopped raining that we left the party. → We ………………………………………………………………… 7. It was not until all the shops had closed that Isabel decided to go shopping. → Isabel ………………………………………………………………… 8. It was not until the robbers had gone that the police came to the scene. → The police ………………………………………………………………… IV. Put in “a”, “an” or “the” in each blank. 1. How far is it from here to ____ airport? 2. “What’s _____ capital of Spain?” – “It’s Madrid”. 3. My father works in ______ office _______ city center. 4. _______ earth is _______ planet of _______ solar system. 5. She was born in _____ village in _____ north of England. 6. _____ village where she was born has ______ beautiful river. 7. Who is _____ best singer in ______ United Kingdom? 8. Can you switch off _____ television? Nobody’s watching it. 9. He felt bored with ______ woman who sat beside him at the party. 10. The ship was crossing ______ Atlantic Ocean when it hit _____ huge iceberg. 11. Mount Everest is ______ hightest mountain in _____ world. 12. _____ Mississppi River flows through several states of ______ United States. 13. My grandparents live in _____ old house in _____ south of Dong Nai provice. There is ______ large garden behind _____ house. They grow some fruit trees and vegetables in _____ garden. 14. There was _____ accident near my house this morning. _____ taxi crashed into ____ lamp post. _____ taxi was damaged, but ____ driver of ____ taxi was not hurt. 15. This morning I had _____ sandwich and _____ cup of coffee for breakfast. ____ sandwich was OK, but _____ coffee was terrible. (Key:1.the2.the3.an/the4.the/a/the5.a/the6.the/a7.the/the8.the9.the.10.the/a11.the/the12 .the/the13.an/the/a/the/the14.an/a/a/the/the/the15.a/a/the/the.) ___ THE END___ . đảo. Ví dụ: - Quốc gia: Vietnam, Engliand,… - Thành phố: London, Paris,Hanoi,… - Châu lục: Asia, Europe,… - Ngọn núi: Mount Everest, Mount Fuji,… - Một hòn đảo: Phu quoc Island,… - “The” – trước. người). Ví dụ :- Learning English is interesting. - Many students are interested in learning English. b) Một số tính từ tận cùng “-ing” và “-ed” thường gặp: V ADJ Nghĩa của từ - amaze amazing/amazed. excited hồi hộp - fascinate fascinating/fascinated hấp dẫn - frighten frightening/ frightened sợ hãi - interest interesting/ interested thú vị - please pleasing/ pleased hài lòng - shock shocking/