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Key Performance Indicators Key Performance Indicators Developing, Implementing, and Using Winning KPIs DAVID PARMENTER John Wiley & Sons, Inc This book is printed on acid-free paper Copyright © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, 201-748-6011, fax 201-748-6008, e-mail: permcoordinator@wiley.com Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation You should consult with a professional where appropriate Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages For general information on our other products and services, or technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at 800-762-2974, outside the United States at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002 Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Parmenter, David Key performance indicators : developing, implementing, and using winning KPIs / David Parmenter p cm Includes index ISBN-13: 978-0-470-09588-1 (cloth) ISBN-10: 0-470-09588-1 (cloth) Performance technology Performance standards Organizational effectiveness I Title HF5549.5.P37P37 2007 658.40'13 — dc22 2006020849 Printed in the United States of America 10 CONTENTS Preface ix Acknowledgments xv Chapter Introduction Key Result Indicators Key Performance Indicators Management Models That Have a Profound Impact on KPIs 10 Definitions 14 Chapter Foundation Stones for Implementing Key Performance Indicators 19 Four Foundaton Stones Guiding the Development and Use of KPIs 20 Defining Vision, Mission, and Strategy 25 How to Implement Winning KPIs in 16 Weeks 26 Chapter Developing and Using KPIs: A 12-Step Model 37 Step 1: Senior Management Team Commitment 39 Step 2: Establishing a “Winning KPI” Project Team 44 Step 3: Establish a “Just Do It” Culture and Process 49 Step 4: Setting Up a Holistic KPI Development Strategy 54 v Contents Step 5: Marketing the KPI System to All Employees 61 Step 6: Identifying Organization-Wide Critical Success Factors 65 Step 7: Recording Performance Measures in a Database 72 Step 8: Selecting Team-Level Performance Measures 77 Step 9: Selecting Organizational “Winning KPIs” 85 Step 10: Developing the Reporting Framework at All Levels 88 Step 11: Facilitating the Use of Winning KPIs 94 Step 12: Refining KPIs to Maintain Their Relevance Chapter KPI Team Resource Kit Using This Resource Kit Step Worksheet: 100 105 105 Senior Management Team Commitment 106 Establishing a Winning KPI Team 112 Establish a “Just Do It” Culture for This Project 116 Setting Up a Holistic KPI Development Strategy 119 Marketing the KPI System to All Employees 125 Step Worksheet: Identifying Organization-Wide CSFs 132 Step Worksheet: Comprehensive Recording of Measures within the Database 140 Selecting Team Performance Measures 140 Step Worksheet: Step Worksheet: Step Worksheet: Step Worksheet: Step Worksheet: vi Contents Step Worksheet: Selecting Organization-Wide “Winning KPIs” 142 Step 10 Worksheet: Developing Display, Reporting, and Review Frameworks at All Levels 151 Step 11 Worksheet: Facilitating the Use of KPIs 152 Step 12 Worksheet: Refining and Modifying KPIs to Maintain Their Relevance 159 Chapter Templates for Reporting Performance Measures 165 Reporting Key Result Indicators in a “Dashboard” to the Board 166 Reporting Performance Measures to Management 173 Reporting Performance Measures to Staff 175 Graph Format Examples 180 Chapter Facilitator’s Resource Kit Remember the Fundamentals Appendix Performance Measures Database Index 189 190 201 233 vii PREFACE This book is aimed at providing the missing link between the balanced scorecard work of Kaplan and Norton and the reality of implementing performance measurement in an organization The implementation difficulties were first grasped by a KPI manual developed by AusIndustry as part of a “portfolio” of resources for organizations pursuing international best practices This book has adopted many of the approaches of the KPI manual, which was first published in 1996, and has incorporated more implementation tools, the balanced scorecard philosophy, the author’s work on “winning key performance indicators” (KPIs), and many checklists to assist with implementation EMBARKING ON A KPI/BALANCED SCORECARD PROJECT The goal of this book is to help minimize the risks that working on a KPI/balanced scorecard project encompasses It is designed for the project team, senior management, external project facilitators, and team coordinators whose role it is to steer such a project to success The role they play could leave a great legacy in the organization for years to come, or could amount to nothing by joining the many performance measurement initiatives that have failed It is my wish that the material in this book, along with the workshops I deliver around the world, will increase the likelihood of success ix ... Introduction Key Result Indicators Key Performance Indicators Management Models That Have a Profound Impact on KPIs 10 Definitions 14 Chapter Foundation Stones for Implementing Key Performance Indicators. .. will be overseeing the implementation xi Chapter Preface into key result indicators, performance indicators, and key performance indicators It also explains a significant shift in the way KPIs.. .Key Performance Indicators Key Performance Indicators Developing, Implementing, and Using Winning KPIs DAVID PARMENTER