EXPLANATOflY OR EXAMPLE ANSWERS AND AUOfO SCRIPTS FOR MODEL TESTSIMODEL TEST 1 567 Studen12: Professor: Slu*t2 : Professor: We N, in rationalization, you come up with some reasons why !he professor might haVe given an unfair test. And how woukl you do that? Wei, you rTIight ~fend him . You could say that he gave !he test to encourage students to learn infoonation on their own . Is that what you mean ? Sure. Because you 'd be rallonallzlng providing a reason that justifIeS an otherwise menta/ly intoler· able situation. Okay, another example 01 rationalizing IS to excuse the $pOtI$Of for refusing to heat your side 0I1he situation. You might say that sponsors are too busy to Investigate why students are having problems in their classes. And you might do thai while you deny your true feelings tNit sponsors realty shoukl be more open 10 hearing you out. Student 3: Professor: So when you deny something, I mean when you use denial, you're refusing to ackrlowf. edge a situation, but . . . wheo you usa rationalization, you're excu sing the behavior? Excellent summary. So. now let me give you another option. If you use a reaction formation 8S a defense mechanism, you1t prodaIm the opposite 01 your feelings. In this case, what woukl you say aboul!he professor? Student 4: Pr ofessor: I'd say thai I ~ke!he professor when . in fact, I hate him tor destroy . • . depriving me of myoppor1unity. And you might insist that you have no hard leelings and even go so fat as to tell your friends that he 's an excellentteachef . You see. a reaction formation turns !he expression of your feelings I nto the 0ppo- site reaction, tnat is, on !he surface . And that brings us to projection, which Is a defense mechanism tnallricks your mind into believing that someone else is guilty 01 the negative thought or lee~ng thai you have . Student 1: can you give us an example 01 that one? Prolessor: Okay. Feelings 01 hale lor the professor might be expressed by teltlng classmales about anomer stu- dent ~ hates the professor, or . uh , or even suggesting that the prolessor has strong feelings of hate for you but you really li ke the professor your.;elf. So you would profecI, urn • • atbibul8 your feel- ings • • . 10 someone else. Get it? Student! : So if I hate someone. I'd befieYe that another pe<SOIl nates him or that he heles me . Professor: But you wouldn't admit that you hale him your.;elf. Student: 0I<ay. Thai's projection. Professor: ',1 ~.· .• lr"'·'I',' ',- ' •. ,'.,.', " ~ ~. . ~~~' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ EXPlANATORY OR EXAMPLE ANSWERS AND A.UDIO SCRIPTS FOR MOO€L TESTSiMOOEL TEST 1 5611 Student: Manager: Student: Manager: StlJclent: Manager: Student: """""", Student: Manager: Student: Manager: Student: Manager: Student c Student: Manager: Student: Manager: Student: "- Student: Manager: Student: Manager: A ud Io 35 . M ._ B . ""'" ,. . A,,,_ A C Aud io 37 . "" 'Y Okay , Urn, my lnand told me that I could gel used books i ll order, I mean, preorder - . That's right. Do you want 10 do that? I thi nk so, but I'm not sure how it works, Actually, it's lairty sll'aightlorward, hiVi Do you know what you're going to take next semester? Yeah, I do, And you have the course names and the schedule numbers lor aU your classes? Unhuh, Okay , then, ;us! put that inlonnatioo down on the form and , uh, make a checkn'Lal1I in the box il you want recommended books as well as required books , And you said you went Interested In used books , right? Right. So marX the box for used books , slgn the Iotm and bring it back to me , Do t have to pay noN? Or , do you want a deposit? No , you can pay when you pick up the books. And when can I do that? The week bele)f8 classes begin, That's good , but , urn, what ill chaoge my schedule? I mean, I don't plan 10 but , , . it happens. Don't worry . l![YOU Change cla~ can Jusfboirijlhe booIii back ~ time iWOWii6 ffiimthe fiit day 01 Class 10 gel a lUI refund, orcourw you'll Mad IJii Cii1gIniil CiSh""ii!QIitii ~ a PfiiiiI D R; n's a new book, you can't nave ~ marIij Iiilt. But you said you wanted used books. 50 it won1 maner. Yeah, that's the main reason why I want 10 do this- because 11t have a boner chance to get used books. If !here are used books available and you marked the loon, that's what we11 pull lor you. Okay , thanks a lot. 111 just til th is out and bring it back to you later today, I don1 have aU the numbers with me, the sectlon numbers lor the classes . Fi ne . We need those nurooers because when different prolessors are teaching the same class. they don't always order the same books. RighL So , win you be here this altemoon? I probably will. but if I'm not. ;Us! give the loon 10 the p8fSOfl in this olfioe, to one or~emptOy1MIs, ffiOugh~"fij UiUiIIY wry ~atjjiJf gittiigltli loons baCk to the ofIk:e, but ~ It gets rea~ and . yciiiknoW how Il&i Sure. Wen, 11 bnng it back 10 the office myself. That's probably a good Idea. And, 00, uh, one more thing. I should tell you that hUild. , , , • , .' ., l~ so , if you want to be sure that you get used books , You know what? tiiCi iiCIiiiii liiiinuwitiii.now iNIi , Okay. That's good. What does the man need from the bookstore? A Iotm 10 order books What does the man need il he wants a lull relund? ldentificatlon A roceipl lor the purchase USlen again to part 01 the conversation and then answer the loIlowing question. "Don't give it to one 0I1he student employees, though. They 're usually very good about getting the forms bacllto the office , but sometimes n gets really busy and , . , you know how it is." EXPlANATORY OR EXAMPlE ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR MODEL TESTSIMOOEL TEST 1 .11 '. ".,-,-"""., 'l ,.,,,'.' _ ~ ._~ __ • _), _ _ \ 11 ~ wh<h is an acronym for the Sustainable Tr8l1spoftation Ell&rgy Program. STEP is a demonstration prated sponsored by the government 01 Wastem Australle. Now, In \his project. gasolJIl& driven buses have been replaced with 'uel cell buses OIl regular transportation routes. I think that British Petroleum Is lhe supplier 01 the hydrogen fual, which Is produced at an In Kwinana, south of Perth. So we need to watch this carefully. Another collaborative research I UniOn and the U n~ed States. Scientists """.,i~~ ~ tor 10, uh, to aeate a Iong·term ptan for the Introduction 01 fuel cells throughout the E.U. And the World Bank is providing funding to promote the development and manufacture 01 fuel cell buses lor public transportation In China, Egypt, MeJtlco, and Indie, and we're starting 10 see some really Int8fesllng pr0- Jects In these areas. So, uh, clearty, fuel cell technology Is an Inlematlooal ellort. Okay, at the present time, Japen leads the way In addressing the Issues 01 modilylng the Inlrastruc· IlJre. Severaliueling stations that dispense hydrogen by the cubic meter ate already in place, with plans lor more. But even when a nalionwide system Is completed, decisions about how and where to produce the hydrogen and how to transport it win still have to be figured out. Most countries share the view that fleets 01 vehicles have slgntrlcant advantages lor the introduction 01 fuel cell powered transportation because, well obviously they can be fueled at a limited fMJmber 01 central locations. And, uh, and other benefits 01 a fleet are the opportunity \0 provide training for a rT.alntenance crew and lor the drivers. As lor consumer education. no one seems 10 have made the advances there that .• , that would serve as a model lor the rest 01 us. iji Audio 40. An_ A Audio 41 . , AudiO Replay Audio 42. Ane_ 0 AudiO 43. Repley What is this lecture mainly about? An oyerview 01 fuel celt technology, The prolessor discusses the process for producing 808fQY. the elllciency oItha cells, the problems, and some model programs. Usten ageln \0 part 01 the iectlJre and then ansW8f the following question. "Hydrogen Is the most recent and, I'd say, one of the most promlslng, in a long list 01 altematives to petroleum. Some of the poSSibilities Include ballerles. methanol, nallJral gas, and, welt, you name it: What does the professor mean when he aaya this: "Some 01 the posstbititJes include batteries, methanol, natural gas, and, well, you name ,." He does not plan to talk about the alternatives. The comment "you name it" implies that there are a large number 01 ehematives end that he is not interested in them. Why does the prolessor mention the STEP program In Australia? He thinks it Is a very good example 01 a project. Listen again to part of tha conversation and then answer the following question. "Now, under an agreement signed In aboul2000, II memory serves, it was 2003, but anyway. the joint projects Include the writing 01 codes and standards, the design of rue!- Ing Infrastructures. the refinement oIluei cell models. and the demonstration 01 fuel oelt vehicles." ngh maier S72 ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR ACTIVITIES. OUIZZES. AND I.AODEL TESTS Audio 44 . An ._ r B 0 Audio ". Why does the prolessor say this: •.•. if memoty serves, It was 2003 • To show thai he is uncertain aboul the dale What are some of the problems associated with luel cell technology? Public acoepta.noe Investment In Infrastructures What Is the professor's attitude toward luel cells? Answer B He Is hopeIut about thalr development In the Mure. He would like moJe attention to be directed to public Information programs, which would solve 0!'18 01 the major problems lor luel cell technology. Audio D il euillon Narrator: Usten to part 01 a discussion In a philosophy class. Professor: Is associated with the ot the Reformation, the humanist philosophy was not new when it became popular in Italy Middle Ages. In lact, eccording \0 the ancient Greek philosopher. ProtagOraS, mankind was "\he measure of all things." And this idea was echoed by S0pho- cles when he said, ·Many are the wonders oltha World. and none so wonderful as mankind.· Th is is classical humanism. Even the aocienl Greek. gods were viewed as resembling man both physically and psychologically. And. In e sense. Iso' Ihls personification 01 the deity just another way 10 exatt human beings? But that aside, it was precisely the rediscovery and translation 01 classical manuscripts that coioclded with the invention of printing presses around the mid- 15th century, which, uh, • which provided a catalyst for the humanistic movement throughout Europe. ~ the clergy and upper classes participated In lhe rediscovery and dissemination 01 classical literature, humanism became popular among theologians and scholars, and soon set the stege for the Rer'l8ls· sanee . This 0!'18 , 111 spell. Does anybody remember the meaning 01 the word renalssanoe? Sludant 1: Rebirth, renewal. Prolessor: Right you are. R8fI8 iSSIJI"IC6 literally means "rebirth," and It refers to the return to ancient Greelc and Roman art and literature, which, like an things In the humanistic traditlon,they were measured by human standards. Ar1 returned to the classical ptinclplas of harmooy and balance . In the field 01 architecture, we see both religiOus and secular buildings styled atter ancient Aoman CS8slgns, with mathematical pro- portions and a human ·scale. a scale that contrasted with the Medieval Gotl'lie buildings of ~ previ- ous era. Public works such as bridges and equeducts from the Roman occupation were repaired. restored, or rebuil \. In the sculptures oflhe period , nude ligures were modeled In Ilfe·s!zed Images, with lJ\Ie proportiofIs, and it was also at this point tNn realism became the standard for painting, with a prel- Mence fOf f1.IIturallstlc settings and the ptacement 01 rlgures In • realistic proportion to lhose settings. It was also evident that the portraits tended to be moJe personal and authenlic. And artisls even pro- duced self1lOf1.raits at this time. Remember. the ligures In the paintings 01 the previous efa tended to be 01 another world, but Renaissance palntBfS placed recognizable human beings In IhJs world. In music, there was an elfort to create harmonies that were pleasing to the human ear and melodies that were compatible with the human voice. In addition, music lessons became more widespread as a source 01 :>pvr rr $74 ANSWERS ANO AlJOlO SCRIPTS FOR ACTlVmes , QUIZZES, AND MOOEl TESTS Audio An_, 48 . B Why does the professor mention the drawing by Leonardo da Vn:i ? She uses iI as an e1t8mp1a 01 the unioo 01 art and science. AudIo 49 . According 10 the professor, what was the effect of using latin as a univefsallanguage of scholarship? Answer A Audio SO . Answer B Audio 51 . Answer B IIlacililated communication among intellectuals in many countries. According to the professor, whal can be inferred about a Renaissance man ? He would have an aptitude lor both art and science . All of the following characteristics are true 01 humanism EXCEPT Scholars most serve sodat)' . ~ Speaking o Model T nt I, Speaking SectIon, CD 1, T ck 2 ~ SI'fAICMIllW,. 1 PAmB " Narrator 2: Number 1. Listen for a question about a lamiliar topic. Aller you hear the question, you have 15 seconds to prepare and 45 seconds to record your answer . Narrator 1: Oescribe an ideal marriage partner. What qualities do you think are most important lor a hus- band or wile ? Use specific reasons and delails to e)(Jllain your choices . Narrator 2: Please prepare your answer 811er the beep . [Preparatioo time: 15 seconds] Narrator 2: Please begin speaking aller the beep . [Recording time: 45 seeoncIs) " ',~llW,_2"arnsH Narrator 2: Number 2. listen lor a QUeStion that asks your opinion about a lamiliar topic. After you hear the question, you have 15 seconds to prepare and 45 seconds to record your answer . Narrator 1: Some people Ii«! to watch the news on television. Other people preler to read the news in a newspaper. Still others use their computms to get the news . How do you prefer 10 be informed aboullhe news and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice. rlghled ater EXPLANATORY OR EXAMPlE ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR MODEL TESTSIMOOEl TEST I 515 Narrator 2: Please prepare your answer after the beep . - [Preparation time: 15 secondS! Narrator 2; Please begin speaking after the beep . - [Recording time: 45 seconds] - IIrrfIIum SI'fMM Qua,. 3 " MEAL f'IM" Narrator 2: N umber 3. Read a shott passage and listen 10 a talk on the same topic. Then listen lor a question aboullhem. After you hear the question, you have 30 seconds 10 prepare and 60 seconds to record you r answer. Narrator 1: A new meal ptan Is being oHered by the college. Read the plan in the cotlege newspaper printed on page 60 . You have 45 seconds 10 oompiete iI. Please begin reading now . [Reading time: 45 seconds] Narrator 1: Now listen 10 two students who are talking about the plan. Man ; Woman : Man : Woman: Man : Woman: Man : I don' like to cook, but I don' li ke 10 eat in the ca letena 8"Iery day either. True . The lood does gat ki nd of . same old same old. My point exactly. And besides , I go home aboUt eve.y other weekend, SO payi ng for my meals when I'm not there doesn' mak e a lot of sense. Right. So you! probably sign up for the five-day ptan next semester. I already did. If I want to eat in the cafeteria some weekend, I can just buy a meal , but I'd probably go out somewhere with my friends if I'm here over the weekend. Wen , I don' go horne on the weekends as much as you do , but I stiU eat out a lot on the _ So the fivEHlay plan might W()(1( out better l or you . too. I'm realty glad to have the Narrator 1: The man expresses his opiniOn 01' the new meal plan . Repor1 his opinion. and explain the reasons that he gives for having that opinion. Narrator 2: Please prepare your answer after the beep . - [Preparation time: 30 S8COI Ids] Narrator 2: Please begin speaking alter the beep. ngh eel aler 51e ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOfI ACTIVITIES . QUIZZES . AND MODEL TeSTS - [Recording time : 60 seconds) - Model Test 1, Spe8klng Section , CD 2, TtKk 1 Narrator 2: Number 4. Read a short pe'sElge and Nsten 10 a lecture on the same lopic. Then tisten for a question about them. Alter you lMIar the question, you have 30 seconds to prepare and 60 seconds to recoo::I your answer. Narrator 1: Now read the passage about Aboriginal People printed on page 61 . You have 45 seconds to complete it. Please begin readi ng now . tReading time: 45 seconds] Narrator 1: Now listen to part of a lecture in 8fI 8fI\hropology ctass . The professor is talking about Aboriginal People. Professor: According to your textbook. the Aboriginal People are very divefse, and , I would agree with that; how- ever . there are certain beliefs that ul'lite the groups, and in fact. allow them to icIentify themselves and othenI as members of the diverse Aboriginal societies. For one thing. unlike the anthropologis ts who believe that Iribes anived In eastem Australia from Tasmania about 40 . 000 years ago. the AborIginal People believe that they l'Iave always been in Australia, and that they have sprung from the land. Evi- dence for this resides in the oral hlslofy that has been recorded in stories and passed down for at least Iihy generations. This hi stcwy is referred to as the "Dfeaming." The stories teach moral and sp/ritlJal val- ues and provide each member of the group with an identity that reflects tlMlle:ncIscape where the per· son's mother fitst becomes aware of the oobom baby, or to put it In tetmS of the "Dreaming: where the spirit OIlters the mother's body. So. I am saying that the way thai the Aboriginal People Identity them- selves and each otlMlr. even across groups . Is by their membership in the oral histcwy that they share. Narrator 1: Explain how the Aboriginal People are IdeIllifl8d. Draw upon Information in both the reading and the lecture. Narrator 2: Please prepare your answer after the beep . Beep [Preparation ti me : 30 seconds] Narrator 2: Please begin speaking after the beep . Beep [Recording time: 60 seconds) Beep r.; n9h!~ . is." EXPlANATORY OR EXAMPlE ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR MODEL TESTSIMOOEL TEST 1 .11 '. ". ,-, -& quot;""., 'l ,.,,,'.' _ ~ ._~ __ • _),. FOR MODEL TESTSIMOOEl TEST I 515 Narrator 2: Please prepare your answer after the beep . - [Preparation time: 15 secondS! Narrator 2; Please begin speaking after the beep . - [Recording. MODEL TESTSIMODEL TEST 1 567 Studen12: Professor: Slu*t2 : Professor: We N, in rationalization, you come up with some reasons why !he professor might haVe given an unfair test. And