[...]... Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 35 0-0 495 (Japan) Tel ϩ81 492 761611, Fax ϩ81 492 957338, E-Mail iromichi@saitama-med.ac.jp An Overview of Blood Pressure Regulation Associated with the Kidney 15 Suzuki H, Saruta T (eds): Kidney and Blood Pressure Regulation Contrib Nephrol Basel, Karger, 2004, vol 143, pp 16–31 Salt, Blood Pressure, and Kidney Toshiro Fujita, Katsuyuki Ando Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology,... ox-LDL receptor in endothelial cells has been focused A novel endothelial ox-LDL receptor, lectin-like ox-LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) [26], has been considered to mediate ox-LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction, possibly through the upregulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression Since LOX-1 expression is upregulated by the mechanical stress, shear and stretch... media may contribute to the preserved baroreceptor sensitivity Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats In Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats, elevation of blood pressure has been shown to result from salt loading and renal transplantation from DS rats to Dahl salt-resistant (DR) rats is able to elevate the recipient’s blood pressure In DS rats, the pressure- natriuresis relationship is blunted compared to that of DR rats... compared the pressure- natriuresis response curves of SHR and WistarKyoto (WKY) rats The pressure- natriuresis relationship curve in SHR was shifted toward higher pressure in comparison to WKY rats The inhibition of intrarenal RAS by MK-422 (ACE inhibitor) in SHR resulted in the excretion of more sodium at a given pressure, whereas no significant changes were observed An Overview of Blood Pressure Regulation. .. prostaglandins, dopamine, endogenous digitalis-like substance(s), endothelium-derived relaxing factor (nitric oxide), adrenomedullin, etc., could shift the curve to the right and/ or decrease its slope Thus, the mechanisms of salt-induced hypertension in Salt, Blood Pressure, and Kidney 19 30 0 pϽ 0.05 ⌬CO (%) pϽ 0.01 10 ⌬TPR (%) pϽ 0.01 20 Ϫ10 pϽ0.01 Ϫ20 Ϫ30 0 Salt-sensitive Non-salt-sensitive Salt-sensitive... circulatory volume To delineate the role of kidney in the control mechanism of blood pressure, we describe three major mechanisms that are involved, namely, renal blood flow (RBF), sympathetic nerve system, and pressure- natriuresis control (illustrated in figure 1) Blood pressure regulation in the kidney involves the interplay of these factors RBF receives 25% of cardiac output and the normal kidney adjusts... Na ϩK Kidney SHR pϽ0.05 Control p Ͻ0.05 Na Na ϩK Hypothalamus Fig 7 Decline in endogenous norepinephrine (NE) in kidney and hypothalamus to cold exposure in sodium (Na) and/ or potassium (K) loaded spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) Tissue NE was measured cold exposure (4ЊC) and 6 h after ␣-methyl-p-tyrosine (␣-MPT) administration Salt loading enhanced them markedly and. .. intraglomerular pressure High incidence of microalbuminuria High incidence of non-dippers Abnormal vascular endothelial function High incidence of cardiovascular events HDL ϭ high-density lipoprotein; LDL ϭ low-density lipoprotein Table 2 Renal microcirculation and susceptibility to its damage in salt-sensitive and non-salt-sensitive hypertension model animals Dahl S rats Systolic blood pressure Intraglomerular pressure. .. acknowledge and recognize that many investigators in this field have made important contributions to understanding the mechanism of blood pressure regulation by the kidney Studies in Hypertension Although there are many factors involved in the etiology of hypertension [8–15], the important role of the kidney in regulation of volume and vascular resistance makes it a prime suspect as a mediator of hypertension... potassium (K) supplementation on salt-induced blood pressure rise in salt-sensitive (right) and non-salt-sensitive hypertensive (left) patients The depressor effect of K supplement was greater in salt-sensitive patients than non-saltsensitive ones % ⌬ mean BP, percent change in mean blood pressure; Low Na ϭ low sodium intake; high Na ϭ high sodium intake Na retention: pseudo-tolerance In fact, the additional . class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" Kidney and Blood Pressure Regulation Contributions to Nephrology Vol. 143 Series Editor Claudio Ronco Vicenza Kidney and Blood Pressure Regulation Basel · Freiburg. investiga- tors in this field have made important contributions to understanding the mech- anism of blood pressure regulation by the kidney. Studies in Hypertension Although there are many factors involved. modulator of blood pressure and renal function [21–23]. They demonstrated that inhibition of NO synthesis using L-N G -monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) markedly low- ered the slope of the pressure- natriuresis