MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE DISPOSAL Edited by Xiao-Ying Yu Municipal and Industrial Waste Disposal Edited by Xiao-Ying Yu Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Anja Filipovic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published April, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com Municipal and Industrial Waste Disposal, Edited by Xiao-Ying Yu p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0501-5 Contents Preface IX Part 1 Waste Disposal Site 1 Chapter 1 Application of Geophysical Methods to Waste Disposal Studies 3 Cristina Pomposiello, Cristina Dapeña, Alicia Favetto and Pamela Boujon Chapter 2 Geo-Environmental Site Investigation for Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Sites 27 Giulliana Mondelli, Heraldo Luiz Giacheti and Vagner Roberto Elis Chapter 3 Integrated Study on the Distribution of Contamination Flow Path at a Waste Disposal Site in Malaysia 55 Kamarudin Samuding, Mohd Tadza Abdul Rahman, Ismail Abustan, Lakam Mejus and Roslanzairi Mostapa Part 2 Nuclear Waste Disposal 71 Chapter 4 Modelling of Chemical Alteration of Cement Materials in Radioactive Waste Repository Environment 73 Daisuke Sugiyama Chapter 5 A New Generation of Adsorbent Materials for Entrapping and Immobilizing Highly Mobile Radionuclides 99 Yifeng Wang, Huizhen Gao, Andy Miller and Phillip Pohl Chapter 6 Clarification of Adsorption Reversibility on Granite that Depends on Cesium Concentration 119 Keita Okuyama and Kenji Noshita VI Contents Chapter 7 Removal of Selected Benzothiazols with Ozone 135 Jan Derco, Michal Melicher and Angelika Kassai Part 3 Municipal Waste Disposal at Different Environments 161 Chapter 8 Ballast Water and Sterilization of the Sea Water 163 María del Carmen Mingorance Rodríguez Chapter 9 Assessment of Population Perception Impact on Value-Added Solid Waste Disposal in Developing Countries, a Case Study of Port Harcourt City, Nigeria 177 Iheoma Mary Adekunle, Oke Oguns, Philip D. Shekwolo, Augustine O. O. Igbuku and Olayinka O. Ogunkoya Part 4 Emissions Related to Waste Disposal 207 Chapter 10 Industrial Emission Treatment Technologies 209 Manh Hoang and Anita J. Hill Chapter 11 Evaluation of Replacing Natural Gas Heat Plant with a Biomass Heat Plant – A Technical Review of Greenhouse Gas Emission Trade-Offs 231 James G. Droppo and Xiao-Ying Yu Preface Municipal waste consists of everyday items that we use and then throw away, such as product packaging, grass clippings, furniture, clothing, bottles, food scraps, newspapers, appliances, paint, and batteries, which comes from our homes, schools, hospitals, and businesses. Industrial hazardous waste is waste from industrial practices that causes a threat to human or environmental health. As waste generation increases with population expansion and industrialization, waste disposal has become a global challenge for both the developed and developing countries. This book is a collection of recent research findings concerning different aspects of waste disposal from both municipal and industrial sources. The chapters fall into the following four sections: 1) Waste disposal site; 2) Nuclear waste disposal; 3) Municipal waste disposal at different environments; and 4) Emissions related to waste disposal. Each section consists of several papers providing detailed technical approaches and research results. The content of this book is suitable for researchers, engineers, scientists, and policy makers who are interested in and involved in waste management and disposal. The information would also be useful as supplemental course materials for students who are majored in environmental sciences and engineering. Xiao-Ying Yu Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA . of waste disposal from both municipal and industrial sources. The chapters fall into the following four sections: 1) Waste disposal site; 2) Nuclear waste disposal; 3) Municipal waste disposal. MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE DISPOSAL Edited by Xiao-Ying Yu Municipal and Industrial Waste Disposal Edited by Xiao-Ying Yu . important tools for the detection and mapping of landfills, trenches, buried wastes and drums, or other underground structures. Municipal and Industrial Waste Disposal 4 Geophysical Method