[...]... passengers N2 = total number of passengers the ship is permitted to carry In using these formulae: (1) When N1 + N2 is less than 13, N1 and N2 are to be taken as zero (2) The factor (4T/3D) 2 is not to be taken as greater than unity and the term K 2 V C (4T/3D) 2 is not to be taken as less than 0.25GT (3) NT is not to be less than 0.30GT (4) All volumes included in the calculation are measured to the inner... It is convenient to choose the origin to be at the base of y1 to simplify the algebra but the results would be the same 22 SHIP FORM CALCULATIONS Figure 33 wherever the origin is taken The curve extends from x = -h to x = +h and the area under it is: It would be convenient to be able to express the area of the figure as a simple sum of the ordinates each multiplied by some factor to be determined Assuming... system for tonnage measurement It provided for the independent calculation of gross and net tonnages and has been discussed in some detail by Wilson2 The two parameters of gross and net tonnage are used Gross tonnage is based on the volume of all enclosed spaces Net tonnage is the volume of the cargo space plus the volume of passenger spaces multiplied by a coefficient to bring it generally into line... economics As an example, technology now provides the ability to build much larger, faster, ships and these are adopted to gain the economic advantages those features can confer NAVAL ARCHITECTURE Naval architecture is a fascinating and demanding discipline It is fascinating because of the variety of floating structures and the many compromises necessary to achieve the most effective product It is demanding... a great responsibility to the community at large If they fail to live up to the standards expected of them they are likely to be called to account1 Over the years the safety of life and cargo has prompted governments to lay down certain conditions that must be met by ships flying their flag, or using their ports Because shipping is world wide there are also international rules to be obeyed In the case... First Rule or 3 Ordinate Rule This rule can be generalized to any figure defined by an odd number of evenly spaced ordinates, by applying the First Rule to ordinates 0 to 2, 2 to 4, 4 to 6 and so on, and then summing the resulting answers This provides the rule for n + 1 ordinates: For many ship forms it is adequate to divide the length into ten equal parts using eleven ordinates When the ends have... upon to make sure the ship goes at the intended speed, is sufficiently stable and strong enough to withstand the rigours of the harsh environment in which it moves, and so on The art is in getting a judicious blend of the many factors involved so as to produce a product that is not only aesthetically pleasing but is able to carry out its function with maximum effectiveness, efficiency and economy Naval. .. because of the need to protect the people on board and the marine environment One has only to visit a busy port to appreciate the variety of forms a ship may take This variation is due to the different demands placed on them and the conditions under which they operate Thus there are fishing vessels ranging from the small local boat operating by day, to the ocean going ships with facilities to deep freeze... naval architecture can be interesting and rewarding The reader will find the various topics discussed in more detail in later chapters where the fundamental aspects of the subject are covered The references at the end of each chapter indicate sources of further reading if it is desired to follow up any specific topic A more advanced general textbook2 can be consulted This has many more references to. .. a wine cask The number of tuns a ship could carry was a measure of its capacity Thus tonnage is a volume measure, not a weight measure, and for many years the standard ton was taken as 100 cubic feet Two 'tonnages' are of interest to the international community - one to represent the overall size of a vessel and one to represent its carrying capacity The former can be regarded as a measure of the difficulty .