[...]... loci and shared power is longstanding, and it has mainly been answered on pragmatic grounds There are of course, interrelations, for policy affects and constrains experiences and the intrinsic characteristics of systems Objectives The Transportation Experience strives for two objectives: 1 It seeks to inform readers of the experiences and logics underlying transportation activities and the ways they... life-stage and changes in its environment, including the development of competitive modes The overview of policy, planning, deployment, and management activities constitute the first part of the book The search for systematics using the railroad life cycle is the second part of the book The third part of the text will examine the situation in other modes Extended discussions will be given to the maritime and. .. experiences, and we can gain insights about boundaries by understanding past policy formation and planning tasks and how they were managed The answers to the questions “Why do planners (engineers, policy makers) think the way they do and do what they do?,” “How well does what they do work?,” and “What needs to be done to make what they do work better?” turn in large part on understanding previous experiences... applies to the debates about urban transportation In the United States there is a geographical organization of political power that affects the forging of policy and the distribution of gains and losses from policy actions There is the many against the few consideration in decision making (and its reverse: the well-organized few against the many) These features of the political scene affect transportation. .. warranted? It is the transportation experience that answers those questions Small communities experienced services at one time, and the experience hardens the issue about what is needed The experience yields policy” part of figure 2.3 suggests a closed system moving along a trajectory But the environment changes, and it is the transportation experience plus the changed environment that trigger issues These become... British experiences since the beginning of the industrial revolution The reader will find, however, that the American or British experiences are hardly unique They have roots in Western Europe, and each country is but 3 4 Overview one stage for the playing out of themes common to all places And while much of the transportation system in Europe and North America is mature (if not senescent), the rest of the. .. them, how well do they work, and how are they changed, are some of the questions to be addressed The unfolding of the transportation experience provides an organizing theme for our discussions; it tells us how policy protocols are modeled on experience We shall spend a good amount of time on railroads because they provide a mother logic that applies to other modes But railroads are not the only mother... are bound to bear on transportation experiences and attitudes That is a valid objection and must be true, yet we have a strong response to it One aspect of the response is that the transportation experience has so permeated all social and economic experience that we should not think of purely “outside transportation experiences The deep and economy-wide impacts of the railroad experience on institutional... descriptive sort The Transportation Experience seeks to provide deeper “knowing.” It strives to help the reader understand how and why policies (rules) are developed and how to assist in forging policies to improve the functioning of systems The earlier discussion of topics to be emphasized indicated one of the ways The Transportation Experience will seek to manage the vast breadth and strive for depth The insights... policy issues if the situation is in conflict with one or more of the items on the list We should recognize that government involvement in transportation is large and longstanding Also, there has been feedback from the transportation experience to the general functions of governments The transportation experience has thus affected governments and ideas of what governments should do in a rather broad fashion . x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" THE TRANSPORTATION EXPERIENCE This page intentionally left blank The Transportation Experience Policy, Planning, and Deployment William L. Garrison David M. Levinson 3 200 6 3 Oxford. David Banister and Laurie Pickup (1989) remark that they examined some 10, 000 references before selecting the 6 60 used in their book. The second objective has to do with understanding the boundaries. and logics underlying transportation activ- ities and the ways they are thought about. These are collected in models and techniques that are the essence of the field. As used by the authors, the