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Sách cambrige science khối 6 level red national georaphic, Sách cambrige science khối 6 level red national georaphic, Sách cambrige science khối 6 level red national georaphic Sách cambrige science khối 6 level red national georaphic
interactive student edition (bkgd)Royalty-Free/CORBIS, (t)Richard Kaylin/Getty Images, (b)G K & Vikki Hart/Getty Images Level Red The cover shows the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon It is the primary river of the American Southwest This forked lightning bolt shows a large static discharge between the dark clouds and the ground This red-eyed tree frog can be found in rain forests in South and Central America, and as far north as Mexico Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher The National Geographic features were designed and developed by the National Geographic Society’s Education Division Copyright © National Geographic Society.The name “National Geographic Society” and the Yellow Border Rectangle are trademarks of the Society, and their use, without prior written permission, is strictly prohibited The “Science and Society” and the “Science and History” features that appear in this book were designed and developed by TIME School Publishing, a division of TIME Magazine.TIME and the red border are trademarks of Time Inc All rights reserved Send all inquiries to: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, OH 43240-4027 ISBN: 0-07-860049-9 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 071/055 09 08 07 06 05 04 (bkgd)Royalty-Free/CORBIS, (t)Richard Kaylin/Getty Images, (b)G K & Vikki Hart/Getty Images Contents In Brief The Nature of Matter 2 Contents In Brief Chapter 1 The Nature of Science 4 Chapter 2 Measurement 40 Chapter 3 Matter and Its Changes 68 Chapter 4 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table 96 Interactions of Matter 126 Chapter 5 Motion, Forces, and Simple Machines 128 Chapter 6 Energy 160 Chapter 7 Electricity and Magnetism 192 Chapter 8 Waves 224 Earth’s Changing Surface 252 Chapter 9 Rocks and Minerals 254 Chapter 10 Forces Shaping Earth 286 Chapter 11 Weathering and Erosion 314 Chapter 12 The Atmosphere in Motion 340 Chapter 13 Oceans 372 Beyond Earth 404 Chapter 14 Exploring Space 406 Chapter 15 The Solar System and Beyond 438 Life’s Diversity 472 Chapter 16 Cells—The Units of Life 474 Chapter 17 Invertebrate Animals 496 Chapter 18 Vertebrate Animals 528 Chapter 19 The Human Body 558 Chapter 20 The Role of Genes in Inheritance 588 Life and the Environment 614 Chapter 21 Ecology 616 Chapter 22 Earth’s Resources 644 Authors Edward Ortleb Education Division Science Consultant Washington, D.C St Louis, MO Alton Biggs Susan Leach Snyder Retired Biology Teacher Retired Teacher, Consultant Allen High School Jones Middle School Allen, TX Upper Arlington, OH Lucy Daniel, PhD Dinah Zike Teacher/Consultant Educational Consultant Rutherford County Schools Dinah-Might Activities, Inc Rutherfordton, NC San Antonio, TX Ralph M Feather Jr., PhD Assistant Professor Geoscience Department Indiana University of Pennsylvania Indiana, PA Series Consultants CONTENT Alton J Banks, PhD Michael A Hoggarth, PhD Linda McGaw Director of the Faculty Center Department of Life and Science Program Coordinator Earth Sciences Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc for Teaching and Learning Otterbein College North Carolina State University Westerville, OH Dallas, TX Raleigh, NC Jerome A Jackson, PhD Madelaine Meek Whitaker Eminent Scholar in Science Physics Consultant Editor Jack Cooper Ennis High School Program Director Lebanon, OH Center for Science, Mathematics, Ennis, TX Robert Nierste and Technology Education Science Department Head Sandra K Enger, PhD Florida Gulf Coast University Hendrick Middle School, Plano ISD Associate Director, Associate Professor Fort Meyers, FL Plano, TX UAH Institute for Science Education William C Keel, PhD Connie Rizzo, MD, PhD Huntsville, AL Department of Physics Depatment of Science/Math Marymount Manhattan College David G Haase, PhD and Astronomy North Carolina State University University of Alabama New York, NY Raleigh, NC Tuscaloosa, AL iv Dominic Salinas, PhD READING SAFETY Middle School Science Supervisor Elizabeth Babich Aileen Duc, PhD Caddo Parish Schools Special Education Teacher Science 8 Teacher Shreveport, LA Mashpee Public Schools Hendrick Middle School, Plano ISD Cheryl Wistrom Mashpee, MA Plano, TX St Joseph’s College Barry Barto Sandra West, PhD Rensselaer, IN Special Education Teacher Department of Biology John F Kennedy Elementary Texas State University-San Marcos Carl Zorn, PhD Staff Scientist Manistee, MI San Marcos, TX Jefferson Laboratory Carol A Senf, PhD ACTIVITY TESTERS Newport News, VA School of Literature, Communication, and Culture Nerma Coats Henderson MATH Georgia Institute of Technology Pickerington Lakeview Jr High Michael Hopper, DEng Atlanta, GA School Manager of Aircraft Certification Pickerington, OH Rachel Swaters-Kissinger L-3 Communications Science Teacher Mary Helen Mariscal-Cholka Greenville, TX William D Slider Middle School John Boise Middle School Teri Willard, EdD Warsaw, MO El Paso, TX Mathematics Curriculum Writer Science Kit and Boreal Belgrade, MT Laboratories Tonawanda, NY Reviewers Deidre Adams William Blair Karen Curry West Vigo Middle School Retired Teacher East Wake Middle School J Marshall Middle School West Terre Haute, IN Billerica, MA Raleigh, NC Merrilville, IN Sharla Adams Tom Bright IPC Teacher Concord High School Joanne Davis Murphy High School Allen High School Charlotte, NC Allen, TX Murphy, NC Lois Burdette Maureen Barrett Green Bank Elementary-Middle Robin Dillon Thomas E Harrington Middle School Hanover Central High School School Mt Laurel, NJ Green Bank, WV Cedar Lake, IN John Barry Marcia Chackan Seeger Jr.-Sr High School Pine Crest School Boca Raton, FL West Lebanon, IN Obioma Chukwu Desiree Bishop J.H Rose High School Environmental Studies Center Mobile County Public Schools Greenville, NC Mobile, AL v Anthony J DiSipio, Jr Michael Mansour Joanne Stickney 8th Grade Science Board Member Monticello Middle School Octorana Middle School National Middle Level Science Monticello, NY Atglen, PA Teacher’s Association Dee Stout Sandra Everhart John Page Middle School Penn State University Dauphin/Enterprise Jr High Schools Madison Heights, MI University Park, PA Enterprise, AL Mary Helen Mariscal-Cholka Darcy Vetro-Ravndal William D Slider Middle School Hillsborough High School Mary Ferneau Westview Middle School El Paso, TX Tampa, FL Goose Creek, SC Michelle Mazeika Karen Watkins Whiting Middle School Perry Meridian Middle School Cory Fish Burkholder Middle School Whiting, IN Indianapolis, IN Henderson, NV Joe McConnell Clabe Webb Speedway Jr High School Permian High School Linda V Forsyth Retired Teacher Indianapolis, IN Ector County ISD Odessa, TX Merrill Middle School Sharon Mitchell Denver, CO William D Slider Middle School Alison Welch William D Slider Middle School George Gabb El Paso, TX Great Bridge Middle School El Paso, TX Chesapeake Public Schools Amy Morgan Berry Middle School Kim Wimpey Chesapeake, VA North Gwinnett High School Hoover, AL Annette D’Urso Garcia Suwanee, GA Kearney Middle School Norma Neely, EdD Commerce City, CO Associate Director for Regional Kate Ziegler Durant Road Middle School Nerma Coats Henderson Projects Pickerington Lakeview Jr Texas Rural Systemic Initiative Raleigh, NC High School Pickerington, OH Austin, TX Lynne Huskey Annette Parrott Chase Middle School Lakeside High School Forest City, NC Atlanta, GA Maria E Kelly Nora M Prestinari Burchett Principal Saint Luke School McLean, VA Nativity School Catholic Diocese of Arlington Mark Sailer Pioneer Jr.-Sr High School Burke, VA Royal Center, IN vi Teacher Advisory Board The Teacher Advisory Board gave the authors, editorial staff, and design team feedback on the content and design of the Student Edition They provided valuable input in the development of the 2005 edition of Glencoe Science Level Red John Gonzales Marie Renner Rubidel Peoples Challenger Middle School Diley Middle School Meacham Middle School Tucson, AZ Pickerington, OH Fort Worth, TX Rachel Shively Nelson Farrier Kristi Ramsey Aptakisic Jr High School Hamlin Middle School Navasota Jr High School Buffalo Grove, IL Springfield, OR Navasota, TX Roger Pratt Jeff Remington Manistique High School Palmyra Middle School Manistique, MI Palmyra, PA Kirtina Hile Erin Peters Northmor Jr High/High School Williamsburg Middle School Galion, OH Arlington, VA Student Advisory Board The Student Advisory Board gave the authors, editorial staff, and design team feedback on the design of the Student Edition We thank these students for their hard work and creative suggestions in making the 2005 edition of Glencoe Science Level Red student friendly Jack Andrews Addison Owen Reynoldsburg Jr High School Davis Middle School Reynoldsburg, OH Dublin, OH Peter Arnold Teriana Patrick Hastings Middle School Eastmoor Middle School Upper Arlington, OH Columbus, OH Emily Barbe Ashley Ruz Perry Middle School Karrar Middle School Worthington, OH Dublin, OH Kirsty Bateman Hilliard Heritage Middle School Hilliard, OH Andre Brown Spanish Emersion Academy Columbus, OH Chris Dundon The Glencoe middle school science Student Heritage Middle School Advisory Board taking a timeout at COSI, Westerville, OH a science museum in Columbus, Ohio Ryan Manafee Monroe Middle School Columbus, OH vii Aaron Haupt John Evans Why do I need Before You Read my science book? ● Chapter Opener Science is occurring all around you, Have you ever been in class and and the opening photo of each chapter will preview the not understood all of what was science you will be learning about The Chapter presented? Or, you understood Preview will give you an idea of what you will be everything in class, but at home, learning about, and you can try the Launch Lab to got stuck on how to answer a help get your brain headed in the right direction The question? Maybe you just Foldables exercise is a fun way to keep you organized wondered when you were ever going to use this stuff? ● Section Opener Chapters are divided into two to four sections The As You Read in the margin of the first These next few pages page of each section will let you know what is most are designed to help you important in the section It is divided into four parts understand everything your What You’ll Learn will tell you the major topics you science book can be used will be covering Why It’s Important will remind you for besides a paperweight! why you are studying this in the first place! The Review Vocabulary word is a word you already know, either from your science studies or your prior knowl- edge The New Vocabulary words are words that you need to learn to understand this section These words will be in boldfaced print and highlighted in the section Make a note to yourself to recognize these words as you are reading the section Science Vocabulary Make the following Foldable to help you understand the vocabulary terms in this chapter As You Read STEP 1 Fold a vertical sheet of notebook ● Headings Each section has a title paper from side to in large red letters, and is further side divided into blue titles and small red titles at the begin- STEP 2 Cut along every third line of only the nings of some paragraphs top layer to form tabs To help you study, make an outline of the headings and(t)PhotoDisc, (b)John EvansSTEP 3 Label each tab with a vocabulary subheadings word from the chapter ● Margins In the margins of Build Vocabulary As you read the chapter, list your text, you will find many helpful the vocabulary words on the tabs As you learn resources The Science Online exercises and the definitions, write them under the tab for Integrate activities help you explore the topics each vocabulary word you are studying MiniLabs reinforce the sci- ence concepts you have learned Look For ● Building Skills You also will find an At the beginning of Applying Math or Applying Science activity every section in each chapter This gives you extra prac- tice using your new knowledge, and helps prepare you for standardized tests ● Student Resources At the end of the book you will find Student Resources to help you throughout your studies These include Science, Technology, and Math Skill Hand- books, an English/Spanish Glossary, and an Index Also, use your Foldables as a resource It will help you organize information, and review before a test ● In Class Remember, you can always ask your teacher to explain anything you don’t understand ix