FUZZY LOGIC – ALGORITHMS, TECHNIQUES AND IMPLEMENTATIONS Edited by Elmer P. Dadios           Fuzzy Logic – Algorithms, Techniques and Implementations Edited by Elmer P. Dadios Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Iva Simcic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published March, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com Fuzzy Logic – Algorithms, Techniques and Implementations, Edited by Elmer P. Dadios p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0393-6    Contents  Preface IX Part 1 Hybrid Fuzzy Logic Algorithms 1 Chapter 1 Ambiguity and Social Judgment: Fuzzy Set Model and Data Analysis 3 Kazuhisa Takemura Chapter 2 From Fuzzy Datalog to Multivalued Knowledge-Base 25 Agnes Achs Chapter 3 Resolution Principle and Fuzzy Logic 55 Hashim Habiballa Chapter 4 Standard Fuzzy Sets and some Many-Valued Logics 75 Jorma K. Mattila Chapter 5 Parametric Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems 97 Arturo Tellez, Heron Molina, Luis Villa, Elsa Rubio and Ildar Batyrshin Chapter 6 Application of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System in Supply Chain Management Evaluation 115 Thoedtida Thipparat Chapter 7 Fuzzy Image Segmentation Algorithms in Wavelet Domain 127 Heydy Castillejos and Volodymyr Ponomaryov Part 2 Techniques and Implementation 147 Chapter 8 Fuzzy Logic Approach for QoS Routing Analysis 149 Adrian Shehu and Arianit Maraj VI Contents Chapter 9 Term Weighting for Information Retrieval Using Fuzzy Logic 173 Jorge Ropero, Ariel Gómez, Alejandro Carrasco, Carlos León and Joaquín Luque Chapter 10 Artificial Intelligence Techniques of Estimating of Torque for 8:6 Switched Reluctance Motor 193 Amin Parvizi Chapter 11 Engine Knock Detection Based on Computational Intelligence Methods 211 Adriana Florescu, Claudiu Oros and Anamaria Radoi Chapter 12 Fault Diagnostic of Rotating Machines Based on Artificial Intelligence: Case Studies of the Centrais Elétricas do Norte do Brazil S/A – Eletrobras-Eletronorte 239 Marcelo Nascimento Moutinho Chapter 13 Understanding Driver Car-Following Behavior Using a Fuzzy Logic Car-Following Model 265 Toshihisa Sato and Motoyuki Akamatsu    Preface  Algorithmis used to define the notion of decidability. It is a set of rules that precisely defines a sequence of operations. This is essential for computers to process information. Computer programs contain algorithms that detail specific instructions a computer should perform to carry out a specified task. The traditional computer program performs specific instructions sequentially, and uses crisp values of information which do not support uncertainties. Thus, when a problem is getting harder and becoming more complex, alternative algorithms are required in order to obtain accurate solutions. To this date, the quest of discovering new algorithms is in a race. The fuzzy logic algorithm is one of very strong contender s in this race because fuzzy logic exhibits reasoning power similar to how humans reason out. Fuzzy logic is able to process incomplete data and provide approximate solutions to problems other methods find difficult to solve. Fuzzy logic was first proposed by Lotfi A. Zadeh of the University of California at Berkeley in 1965. This is based on the idea that humans do not think in terms of crisp numbers, but rather in terms of concepts. The degree of membership of an object in a concept may be partial, with an object being partially related with many concepts. By characterizing the idea of partial membership in concepts, fuzzy logic is better able to convert natural language control strategies in a form usable by machines. This book presents Algorithms, Techniques, and Implementations of fuzzy logic. It is categorized into two sections, namely: 1. Hybrid Fuzzy Logic Algorithms 2. Techniques and Implementation In section one, there are seven chapters that focus on hybrid fuzzy logic algorithms and methodology:  Ambiguity and Social Judgment: Fuzzy Set Model and Data Analysis  From Fuzzy Datalog to Multivalued Knowledge-Base  Resolution Principle and Fuzzy Logic  Standard Fuzzy Sets and Some Many-Valued Logics  Parametric Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems X Preface  Application of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System in Supply Chain Management Evaluation  Fuzzy Image Segmentation Algorithms in Wavelet Domain In section two, there are seven chapters that focus on fuzzy logic modeling and implementations, particularly: 1. Fuzzy Logic Approach for QoS Routing Analysis 2. Term Weighting for Information Retrieval using Fuzzy Logic 3. Artificial Intelligence Techniques of Estimating of Torque for 8:6 Switched Reluctance Motor 4. Engine Knock Detection Based on Computational Intelligence Methods 5. Fault Diagnostic of Rotating Machines based on Artificial Intelligence: Case Studies of the Centrais Elétricas do Norte do Brazil S/A - Eletrobras-Eletonorte 6. Understanding Driver Car-Following Behavior Using a Fuzzy Logic Car- Following Model The contributions to this book clearly reveal the fuzzy logic models, techniques, and implementation which are very important for the development of new technologies. I hope the readers of this book will find it a unique and significant source of knowledge and reference for the years to come.  Elmer P. Dadios University Fellow and Full Professor, Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Management, De La Salle University, Philippines . FUZZY LOGIC – ALGORITHMS, TECHNIQUES AND IMPLEMENTATIONS Edited by Elmer P. Dadios           Fuzzy Logic – Algorithms, Techniques and Implementations Edited. Judgment: Fuzzy Set Model and Data Analysis  From Fuzzy Datalog to Multivalued Knowledge-Base  Resolution Principle and Fuzzy Logic  Standard Fuzzy Sets and Some Many-Valued Logics . (which is not uncommon in fuzzy set theory), the rating can be viewed as an L-R fuzzy number, thereby making the use of fuzzy set Fuzzy Logic – Algorithms, Techniques and Implementations 4