FUELINJECTIONIN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING  EditedbyKazimierzLejdaandPawełWoś            Fuel Injection in Automotive Engineering Edited by Kazimierz Lejda and Paweł Woś Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Ivona Lovric Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published April, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com Fuel Injection in Automotive Engineering, Edited by Kazimierz Lejda and Paweł Woś p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0528-2    Contents  Preface IX A Look at Development of Injection Systems for High-Speed Direct Injection (HSDI) Diesel Engines 1 Kazimierz Lejda Section 1 Fuel Properties as Factors Affecting Injection Process and Systems 5 Chapter 1 Role of Emulsified Fuel in the Present IC Engines – Need of Alodine EC Ethanol Corrosion Resistant Coating for Fuel Injection System 7 M. P. Ashok Chapter 2 Multivariate Modeling in Quality Control of Viscosity in Fuel: An Application in Oil Industry 33 Leandro Valim de Freitas, Fernando Augusto Silva Marins, Ana Paula Barbosa Rodrigues de Freitas, Messias Borges Silva and Carla Cristina Almeida Loures Section 2 Fuel Injection in ICE Versus Combustion Rate and Exhaust Emission 51 Chapter 3 Experimental Investigation on Premixed Combustion in a Diesel Engine with Ultra-Multihole Nozzle 53 Xuelong Miao,Yusheng Ju, Xianyong Wang, Jianhai Hong and Jinbao Zheng Chapter 4 Simulation of Combustion Process in Direct Injection Diesel Engine Based on Fuel Injection Characteristics 67 Kazimierz Lejda and Paweł Woś VI Contents Section 3 Numerical Studies on Injection Process Phenomena 85 Chapter 5 Influence of Nozzle Orifice Geometry and Fuel Properties on Flow and Cavitation Characteristics of a Diesel Injector 87 Sibendu Som, Douglas E. Longman, Anita I. Ramirez and Suresh Aggarwal Chapter 6 Numerical Simulation of Biofuels Injection 103 Jorge Barata and André Silva    Preface  Aninjectionprocessisacommontechnicalpracticeusedinvariousfieldsofindustry. Itdispersesliquid droplets  evolvingthemintotheoutput spray;thewholeprocessis generated accordinglyto the rules ofbreak‐up liquid stream phenomena. As a result the surface area of the liquid is considerably increased. Also the area covered by injection borde rs can be fast penetrated and uniformly filled by the liquid. For these reason injection processes are used practically in all energy conversion technologies that are based on combustion of liquid fuel, but also a gaseous and loose solid one. Theypermitfastfueldistribution,vaporization,andburning,and,consequently,rapid andefficientcombustion. Thesameis validandveryimportantofinternalcombustionengine(ICE)operation. Thus the injection processes are almost solely used for fuelling the combustion chamber of ICE. Presentl y, due to the intensive developme nt  that has taken place since80ʹsofXX thcentury,bothcompressionignitionandsparkignitionenginesare “injection”engines.Theirinjectionsystempatternconsisting  ofhig h ly efficient and strength pumping devices together with complex control systems and reli able injector units generate high pressurized and fine atomized fuel sprays which are directly injected into the combustion chamber.  Particularly, diesel engine injection systems belong to the true state‐of ‐the‐art technology, providing the pressure of injection up to 200 MPa and accurate multi‐split of single cycle amount of fuel injected.Theref or eitispossibletomeettherestrictiveexhaustemissionlegislations bytheengines. Theconsec utive boo k of “Fuel in jection” seri es  discusses thevari ous fuel  injection issues in internal combustion engine applications. It aims to present resea rch appliedfor better understandingcurrentfuel injectionhitches.  Namely,chapters1 to 2 deal with significance of physical  and chemical fuel prope rties to  injection systemdesignandoperat ion. Nexttwochapters– 3to4–arefocusedoneffectsof fuel injectionpara me ters  on engine emission and combustion, includingpremixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) engine operation strategy. The last tw o chapters5to6showthenumericalstudiesforsimulationinjectionprocesses. Some fuelpa rame te rs  andinjectionsystemdesi gn factorsare investigated, also with use X Preface CFD methods, targeting spray penetration, evaporation, and cavitation phenomena. Editors KazimierzLejdaandPawełWoś RzeszówUniversityofTechnology, Poland  . ethanol, in the normal fuel injection system for a single cylinder, DI (Direct Injection) oriented engine. Fuel Injection in Automotive Engineering 8 Another point to be noted in this. FUEL INJECTION IN AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING  EditedbyKazimierzLejdaandPawełWoś            Fuel Injection in Automotive Engineering Edited by Kazimierz. engine at 50% blending of ethanol, in the normal fuel injection system for a single cylinder, DI (Direct Injection) oriented engine. Also, point to be noted in this case is that, the engine