Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Dựa trên cách tiếp cận từ trên xuống thành công, khóa học Mạng máy tính được triển khai với sự nhấn mạnh ban đầu vào các mô hình lớp ứng dụng và giao diện lập trình ứng dụng, khuyến khích trải nghiệm thực hành với các giao thức và khái niệm mạng.
ASSIGNMENT FRONT SHEET Qualification BTEC Level HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 2: Networking Infrastructure Submission date Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name Bui Quang Minh Student ID GCD210325 Class GCD1104 Assessor name Tran Trong Minh Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice Student’s signature Grading grid P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 D1 Summative Feedback: Grade: Lecturer Signature: Assessor Signature: Resubmission Feedback: Date: Table of Contents TASK 1: NETWORK TYPES AND STANDARDS (P1) .6 NETWORK 1.1 What is network 1.2 Common networking types .6 1.3 Benefits and constrains 1.3.1 Personal area network (PAN) 1.3.2 Local area network (LAN) 1.3.3 Wide area network (WAN) .11 1.3.4 Campus network 13 1.3.5 Metropolitan area network (MAN) 14 1.3.6 Virtual private network (VPN) 15 1.3.7 Content delivery network (CDN) 18 NETWORK PROTOCOL 19 2.1 What is the network protocol 19 2.2 Purpose 19 2.3 Common protocols 19 STANDARDS 20 3.1 International standard organizations .20 3.2 Names of the standards used ……………………………… 21 TASK 2: NETWORK TOPOLOGY, COMMUNICATION AND BAND WIDTH REQUIREMENTS (P2) 21 DEFINITION 21 1.1 What is a network topology 21 1.2 Difference between physical topology and logical topology 22 1.3 Popular topologies 23 1.3.1 Bus Topology .23 1.3.2 Ring Topology 23 1.3.3 Star Topology .25 1.3.4 Tree Topology .26 1.3.5 Mesh Topology 27 1.3.6 Hybrid Topology 28 COMMUNICATION AND BANDWIDTH 29 2.1 What is network communication .29 2.3 Rules in the network .29 2.4 What is bandwidth 29 TASK 2.1: NETWORKING PRICIPLES AND PROTOCOLS (M1) 30 NETWORKING PRINCIPLES .30 1.1 Common networking principles 30 1.2 Compare two principles 30 PROTOCOLS 31 2.1 How protocols enable networked systems 31 2.2 Practical situations 32 TASK 3: OPERATING PRINCIPLES (P3) 32 NETWORKING DEVICES 32 1.1 Routers 32 1.2 Switches .33 1.3 Servers .33 COMMON NETWORKING DEVICES …… .……… 34 COMMON TYPES OF SERVERS …… 35 TASK 4: INTER-DEPENDENCE OF WORKSTATION HARDWARE (P4) ……………………………………………………… 36 Interdependence 36 Workstation hardware …… 36 Networking software …… 36 Inter-dependence of these … .36 TASK 4.1: SERVER (M2) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………38 Common server types 38 Justify my selection … 39 TASK 4.1.1: IDENTIFY TOPOLOGY PROTOCOL SELECTED (D1) …………………………………………………………… …40 Topology protocol chosen ……….…………………………………………… …………………………………………………… …40 Point out selection …… ……………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………… …42 TASK1: DIFFERENT NETWORK TYPES AND STANDARDS (P1) NETWORK 1.1 What is the network A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams 1.2 common types of networks Figure Common types of networks 1.3 benefits and constains of each 1.3.1 PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN) ADVANTAGES No extra space requires: Personal area network does not require extra wire or space For connecting two devices you only need to enable Bluetooth in both devices to start sharing data among them For example, connecting wireless keyboard and mouse with the tablet through Bluetooth Connect to many devices at a time: Many devices can be connected to one device at the same time in a personal area network You can connect one mobile to many other mobiles or tablets to share files Cost effective: No extra wires are needed in this type of network Also, no extra data charges are involved so PAN is an inexpensive way of communication Easy to use: It is easy to use No advanced setup is required Reliable: If you use this type of data connection within 10 meters then your network is stable and reliable Secure: This network is secured because all the devices are authorized before data sharing Third party injection and data hacking are not possible in PAN Used in office, conference, and meetings: Infrared is the technology used in TV remotes, AC remotes, and other devices Bluetooth, infrared and other types of PAN is used to interconnect digital devices in offices, meetings, and conferences Synchronize data between different devices: One person can synchronize several devices i.e download, upload and exchanging data among devices Portable: A person can move devices as it is a wireless network and data exchange is not affected That mean PAN is portable as well DISADVANTAGES Less distance range: Signal range is maximum 10 meters which makes limitation for long distance sharing Interfere with radio signals: As personal area network also use infrared so it can interfere with radio signals and data can be dropped Slow data transfer: Bluetooth and infrared have a slow data transfer rate as compared to another type of networks like LAN (local area network) Health problem: In some cases, PAN uses microwave signals in some digital devices which have a bad effect on the human body like brain and heart problems may occur Costly in terms of communication devices: Personal area network is used in digital devices which are costly so it is another disadvantage of PAN Examples are smartphones, PDA, laptops, and digital cameras Infrared signals travel in a straight line: TV remote use infrared signals which have a problem that they travel in straight line So this counts another disadvantage of PAN 1.3.2 LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) ADVANTAGES Simple and relatively inexpensive: The primary benefit of a local area network is that this is quick and easy to set up and reasonably priced when contrasted to other alternatives; consequently, if an organization intends to build a network at a minimal price and with flexibility, a local area network is the ultimate answer Collaboration of Resources: Expensive components such as printers and scanners cannot be linked to every desktop since it will indeed be very burdensome for the company, but thanks to local area networks, a corporation only clearly need one printer and scanner, and everybody can link to that printer and scanner and sends instruction from their machines, leading in meaningful cost savings for the corporation The association involving client and server: All information from connected PCs may be maintained on a single server If a machine (Client) demands information, the client may effortlessly log in and retrieve the information from the system Films and albums, for instance, can be maintained on the server and retrieved by any approved user (Client computer) Accessing of software programs: On the LAN, software programs may also be shared You can incorporate a single licensed program that can be used by any device on a network It is pricey to buy a license for each device on a network, consequently sharing software is simple and straightforward, and cost-effective Data protection: It is more safe and secure to keep information on the server And if you wish to update or eliminate any data, you may so rapidly on a single server computer, and other devices will be able to obtain the new information You may very well grant or deny access to particular users, guaranteeing that only approved users have accessibility to the network’s data Fast communication: LAN-connected systems or devices communicate directly at very high rates of speed, based on the LAN model and ethernet cabling installed The most prevalent enabled speeds are 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, and 1000 Mbps Technologies of gigabit ethernet are quickly developing Once the technology becomes more sophisticated and large-scale production has commenced, lower-cost variants will be accessible to the public DISADVANTAGES The information security issue that arises: Unapproved users can retrieve data if the server equipment is not programmed correctly and there is a technical glitch As a consequence, the server’s privacy policy and procedures must be effectively managed Long-distance major limitation: Local area networks are often devised within a building or apartment complex and cannot be stretched to a bigger area All devices may be disproportionately affected if the server fails: If a file on the server gets heavily damaged or a hard disc crashes, all of the linked PCs will have extreme difficulty operating correctly Installing a LAN is difficult and expensive: It is expensive to establish a LAN since specialized software is essential to install a server Additionally, communication hardware such as hubs, switches, routers, and cables are expensive to buy A large office’s LAN must be administered and troubleshot by a professional operator Data Sharing via Outside Sources: Another drawback of LAN is that it is difficult and time-consuming to send files from outside the network since transportable media such as pen drives and CDs cannot be conveniently performed on all devices on the network