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LTTN01 In a paragraph with a topic sentence about effects of an event, the supporting sentences should… a show the results of the event Correct b compare the event to another event c show the reasons the event happened Choose the sentence which most likely follows this one: When people are tired, they are likely to buy less a Consequently, people typically not buy new beds very often b Therefore, many companies advertise on TV during the day instead of at night Correct c One reason is that people often need more than eight hours of sleep Choose the sentence which most likely follows this one: The company advertised their product successfully a One reason is to decrease the cause of advertising b For these reasons, they also advertised on the television c As a result, their sales figure increased Correct Choose the writer’s opinion? a People who are against strict media control often point out that some of the violence shown on TV is the true portrayal of what is happening around us and people have the right to know it b …this could hardly be justified To be specific, people who see media violence a lot may gradually develop a sense of insecurity and mistrust as they are forced to believe that they are living in a dangerous world c Although it is undoubtedly true, … d The number of violent scenes on TV is on the rise, which asserts negative effects on viewers Correct If you are on a budget, you should shop at inexpensive clothing stores a However, cheaper clothes may wear out more quickly than expensive ones Correct b However, you should not use your credit card too often c On the other hand, property taxes and home maintenance can cost more d On the other hand, it is often necessary to borrow money for school Staying home on weekends is a good way to save money a On the other hand, you could simply spend less on outside entertainment Correct b On the other hand, buses and trains are often expensive, too c However, you should not use your credit card too often d On the other hand, it is often necessary to borrow money for school It is important to take vacations to rest and relax a However, this may be unfair to people who choose cheaper meals b However, cheaper clothes may wear out more quickly than expensive ones c However, you should not spend money on a trip if you are in debt Correct d However, you should not use your credit card too often It is best to divide the cost of group dinners evenly a On the other hand, it is often necessary to borrow money for school b However, this may be unfair to people who choose cheaper meals Correct c However, you should not spend money on a trip if you are in debt d However, cheaper clothes may wear out more quickly than expensive ones People should not take out loans a On the other hand, it is often necessary to borrow money for school Correct b On the other hand, buses and trains are often expensive, too c On the other hand, property taxes and home maintenance can cost more d However, cheaper clothes may wear out more quickly than expensive ones Choose the writer’s opinion? a However, some may argue that treating hypochondriacs wastes valuable consultation time that could otherwise be spent on patients with serious physical problems b …, it is important to keep in mind that psychological illnesses like hypochondria can, in fact, develop into physical condition c While hypochondria may take up a physician’s time… d Doctors must give the same attention to psychological illnesses, such as hypochondria, as they to physical illnesses Correct In the concluding sentence, … a … one’s belief about the topic when he/she is discussing it b … the opinion, which is different from the writer’s c …the writer can restate the main idea, offer a suggestion, or make a prediction about the topic Correct d … a response to the opposing or counter argument, strengthening the writer’s original opinion Choose the opposing opinion? a Although it is undoubtedly true, … b ….this could hardly be justified To be specific, people who see media violence a lot may gradually develop a sense of insecurity and mistrust as they are forced to believe that they are living in a dangerous world c People who are against strict media control often point out that some of the violence shown on TV is the true portrayal of what is happening around us and people have the right to know it Correct d The number of violent scenes on TV is on the rise, which asserts negative effects on viewers Choose the writer’s concession? a People who are against strict media control often point out that some of the violence shown on TV is the true portrayal of what is happening around us and people have the right to know it b The number of violent scenes on TV is on the rise, which asserts negative effects on viewers c Although it is undoubtedly true, … Correct d … this could hardly be justified To be specific, people who see media violence a lot may gradually develop a sense of insecurity and mistrust as they are forced to believe that they are living in a dangerous world Choose the writer’s refutation? a Although it is undoubtedly true,… b People who are against strict media control often point out that some of the violence shown on TV is the true portrayal of what is happening around us and people have the right to know it c … this could hardly be justified To be specific, people who see media violence a lot may gradually develop a sense of insecurity and mistrust as they are forced to believe that they are living in a dangerous world Correct d The number of violent scenes on TV is on the rise, which asserts negative effects on viewers Buying a car is too expensive, so people should take public transportation instead a However, this may be unfair to people who choose cheaper meals b On the other hand, buses and trains are often expensive, too Correct c However, cheaper clothes may wear out more quickly than expensive ones d On the other hand, it is often necessary to borrow money for school The writer’s opinion is … a … one’s belief about the topic when he/she is discussing it Correct b … the opinion, which is different from the writer’s c …the writer restates the main idea, offers a suggestion, or makes a prediction about the topic d … a response to the opposing or counter argument, strengthening the writer’s original opinion A refutation is … a … a response to the opposing or counter argument, strengthening the writer’s original opinion Correct b … one’s belief about the topic when he/she is discussing it c … the opinion, which is different from the writer’s d …the writer restates the main idea, offers a suggestion, or makes a prediction about the topic Choose the writer’s concession? a …, it is important to keep in mind that psychological illnesses like hypochondria can, in fact, develop into physical condition b However, some may argue that treating hypochondriacs wastes valuable consultation time that could otherwise be spent on patients with serious physical problems c Doctors must give the same attention to psychological illnesses, such as hypochondria, as they to physical illnesses d While hypochondria may take up a physician’s time… Correct Choose the counter argument? a While hypochondria may take up a physician’s time… b …, it is important to keep in mind that psychological illnesses like hypochondria can, in fact, develop into physical condition c However, some may argue that treating hypochondriacs wastes valuable consultation time that could otherwise be spent on patients with serious physical problems Correct d Doctors must give the same attention to psychological illnesses, such as hypochondria, as they to physical illnesses Choose the writer’s refutation? a …, it is important to keep in mind that psychological illnesses like hypochondria can, in fact, develop into physical condition Correct b While hypochondria may take up a physician’s time… c However, some may argue that treating hypochondriacs wastes valuable consultation time that could otherwise be spent on patients with serious physical problems d Doctors must give the same attention to psychological illnesses, such as hypochondria, as they to physical illnesses A counter argument is … a …the writer restates the main idea, offers a suggestion, or makes a prediction about the topic b … a response to the opposing or counter argument, strengthening the writer’s original opinion c … one’s belief about the topic when he/she is discussing it d … the opinion, which is opposing to the writer’s Correct Owning a house is better than renting an apartment a However, you should not spend money on a trip if you are in debt b On the other hand, buses and trains are often expensive, too c However, you should not use your credit card too often d On the other hand, property taxes and home maintenance can cost more Correct Using credit cards is easier than using cash a On the other hand, property taxes and home maintenance can cost more b However, this may be unfair to people who choose cheaper meals c However, you should not spend money on a trip if you are in debt d However, you should not use credit cards too often Correct LTTN02 Read the topic sentence and concluding sentence from a cause-effect paragraph about What Motivates Children Choose one supporting sentence that DOES NOT explain the main idea Topic sentence: Children are motivated by many factors Concluding sentence: In conclusion, children are not always motivated for the same reasons a Mr Paul is a motivational teacher who was born in the 1960s Correct b For example, children can be motivated to chores of they receive money c In addition, because of the fact that children are used to getting such rewards, they often expect them d A final reason children are motivated is the possibility of internal rewards Read the topic sentence and concluding sentence from a cause-effect paragraph about How Students are Motivated to Succeed Choose one supporting sentence that DOES NOT explain the main idea Topic sentence: The teachers at Linx Language School motivate their students to succeed Concluding sentence: In summary, the teachers at Linx Language School are very motivational a For this reason, most students continue to take classes at Linx Language School b Because the teachers often encourage students to well in the real world, students often get better jobs when they finish school c In addition, new students also have positive feeling about continuing their studies d Students who are late are not respected Correct Read the topic sentence: In one study, butterflies died after eating one kind corn Choose the correct supporting sentence a The bright red tomatoes are extremely juicy, and the corn has a sweet flavor b This food provides the best way to solve hunger problems throughout the world c This may have happened because the corn had been genetically modified Correct d For example, corn grows well in warm climates, but lettuce grows better in cool climates Read the questions and three answers Choose the best option A, B, or C Which tip can help a writer paraphrase? a Replace words from the original sentence with synonyms Correct b Memorize the original sentence c Never change the word order of the original sentence Genetically modified food has some benefits that regular food does not have What kind of paragraph should you read if you want to learn about the reasons why people should use genetically modified food a A comparison paragraph that shows how genetically modified food is like regular food and how it looks different from regular food b A cause-effect paragraph about the reasons why scientists started to genetically modify food c A persuasive paragraph about why genetically modified food should be on everyone’s dinner table Correct d A descriptive paragraph about how genetically modified food looks and tastes Read the paragraph, and answer the question: How many connectors are used to show effects / results? Some people make purchases for emotional reasons, and this can have negative effects For instance, they may buy products so that they feel better when they are sad As a result, they may feel better, but the improvement in mood is likely to last for only a short period of time Sometimes people buy products to feel important Consequently, they may spend more money than they have a b c d Correct Read the cause-effect paragraph Choose the appropriate pattern of organization Some scientists argue that golden rice, which has been genetically modified to contain carotenoids, may be dangerous for two reasons One reason is that some people may be allergic to it Instead of making them healthier, it could make them sick Another reason why golden rice may be dangerous is that it has not been tested enough Due to the fact that scientists not yet know the long-term effects of golden rice on health, there are some risks Without further research, there are reasons to believe that golden rice may be harmful to human health a Point-by-point Correct b Block c Spatial order d Chronological order Read the topic sentence and concluding sentence from a cause-effect paragraph about What Motivates Children Choose one supporting sentence that DOES NOT explain the main idea Topic sentence: Children are motivated by many factors Concluding sentence: In conclusion, children are not always motivated for the same reasons a Homework completion makes them feel good at school b One reason is that many children work harder due to the promise of external rewards c Children can be motivated to save money by a variety of factors Correct d For instance, some children want to their homework Read the topic sentence from a cause-effect paragraph about Why People are Motivated Choose one sentence that DOES NOT support the main idea Topic sentence: There are many reasons why people are motivated at work a Creative people often have higher salaries than people who are not creative Correct b Because of the fact that people like to feel comfortable at work, employees are sometimes motivated by a friendly boss c Interesting tasks are one cause of strong motivation d For example, employees may be motivated to finish a project if it is creative All the given sentences make up a paragraph discussing the reasons why genetically modified rice may be dangerous Which is the concluding sentence? a Due to the fact that scientists not yet know the long-term effects of golden rice on health, there are some risks b Without further research, there are reasons to believe that golden rice may be harmful to human health Correct c Some scientists argue that golden rice, which has been genetically modified to contain carotenoids, may be dangerous for two reasons d One reason is that some people may be allergic to it Instead of making them healthier, it could make them sick Another reason why golden rice may be dangerous is that it has not been tested enough Read the supporting sentence: This may have happened because the corn had been genetically modified Which topic sentence does it support? a In one study, butterflies died after eating one kind corn Correct b The genetically modified vegetables grown on this farm are fresh and delicious Incorrect c People should support the development of genetically modify food d Depending on the weather, farmers grow different crops in different parts of the world Read the topic sentence from a cause-effect paragraph about Why People are Motivated Choose one sentence that DOES NOT support the main idea Topic sentence: There are many reasons why people are motivated at work a People want to continue to well when they are told they are doing a good job b A third factor that motivates people at work is positive feedback c If it is possible to ask a boss question, employees may want to work harder d As a result, NowTech hires only highly educated managers Correct Genetically modified food has some benefits that regular food does not have What kind of paragraph should you read if you want to learn about the reasons why scientists started to genetically modify food a A cause-effect paragraph about the reasons why scientists started to genetically modify food Correct b A persuasive paragraph about why genetically modified food should be on everyone’s dinner table c A descriptive paragraph about how genetically modified food looks and tastes d A comparison paragraph that shows how genetically modified food is like regular food and how it looks different from regular food Read the four pairs of sentences Which pair has a connector showing a result? a A company must understand the product’s target market since developing successful products is challenging b Companies have sales because many consumers not like to buy full-priced items c Targeting a specific market is important One reason is that it keeps advertising costs low d Many teenagers use the Internet frequently For this reason, they constantly see advertisements Correct Read the topic sentences What is the most appropriate topic sentence for a cause-effect paragraph? a People who not eat genetically modified food are healthier and happier Incorrect b Genetically modified foods are tested in large labs with modern equipment c As a result of eating genetically modified foods, certain insects that are important to the environment die d Genetically modified rice and genetically modified corn both have features that protect them from insects a Summary Correct b Paraphrase c All are correct d Quotation Choose the best paraphrase Original: While raising a family is inherently stressful, adoption is filled with additional tensions that are unique to the adoptive relationship a Families with an adopted member face more challenges than biological families Correct b The adoptive relationship is inherently stressful c Families that adopt children can avoid some of the tensions inherent in biological families d Raising a family under stressful conditions can discourage potential adoptive parents Some companies avoid phone interviews with job hunters These businesses want to see candidates face-to-face Which word in the first sentence is replaced by Businesses? a interviews b candidates c job hunters d companies Correct …you want to include someone else’s idea in your writing You use the person’s exact words, which are cited in quotation marks and you also include details about where you found the idea a Paraphrase b Quotation Correct c Summary d All are correct Which summary uses much of the same wording as the original text? a A survey in China showed that many people not feel secure when using the Internet The survey indicated that approximately 70% of Internet users not trust information found on certain websites, and 62% believe companies use personal information obtained from websites inappropriately Correct b A survey in China indicated that 70% of Internet users not trust information found on certain websites while some 62% believe companies use personal information obtained from websites inappropriately c One survey revealed that the majority of people in China tend to mistrust information they find online They are likely to believe that companies misuse personal information collected online d A countrywide survey in China indicated that people not always trust information find on the Internet They tend to believe that poorly written websites contain misleading information The majority of people also assume that companies misuse personal information by selling it for a profit Which summary has changed the meaning of some of the original text? Original: Research shows that Americans are growing more concerned about Internet privacy One reason is that people now understand privacy issues better Nevertheless, while people are concerned about online privacy, only 14 percent of Internet users read websites’ privacy policies Research shows that people of all ages worry about privacy However, compared to adults, young people are less informed about privacy issues Although they are aware of laws about privacy, the majority of adolescents not fully understand these laws a Today, Americans are more concerned about privacy when using computers than they were in the past Because more people are accessing the Internet, more people are reading privacy policies online Furthermore, young people tend to be less concerned about privacy on the Internet because they are less informed about the many legal issues b Americans are growing more concerned about privacy on the Internet Firstly, people now have a better understanding of privacy issues Still, only a small percentage of Internet users read websites’ privacy policies Also, old people are not as worried about privacy issues as younger age groups However, companies violating privacy policies will be subjected to heavy fines c Because understanding of privacy issues on the Internet has deepened recently, Americans’ concern about these issues has increased Although this concern is real, research reveals that very few people read privacy policies online Furthermore, people of all ages are concerned about privacy on the Internet, but younger people tend to be less informed about the relationship between law and online privacy d Americans are growing more concerned about privacy on the Internet One reason is that people now have a better understanding of privacy issues Still, only 14 percent of Internet users read websites’ privacy policies Interestingly, people are equally worried about privacy issues, regardless of age However, the majority of adolescents not fully understand laws regarding privacy on the Internet Correct Choose the most appropriate paraphrase of this information: The most important factor in the group’s success was the way they motivated team members – Tech News a Tech News reports that this group won, and everyone who participated won something b According to Tech News, the most important factor in the group’s success was the way they motivated team members c According to Tech News, one factor in the group’s success was the way they increased team motivation d Tech News reported that a key reason this group was successful was that they inspired other members of the team Correct Which summary copies much of the wording as the original text? a Today, Americans are more concerned about privacy when using computers than they were in the past Because more people are accessing the Internet, more people are reading privacy policies online Furthermore, young people tend to be less concerned about privacy on the Internet because they are less informed about the many legal issues b Americans are growing more concerned about privacy on the Internet One reason is that people now have a better understanding of privacy issues Still, only 14 percent of Internet users read websites’ privacy policies Interestingly, people are equally worried about privacy issues, regardless of age However, the majority of adolescents not fully understand laws regarding privacy on the Internet c Americans are growing more concerned about privacy on the Internet Firstly, people now have a better understanding of privacy issues Still, only a small percentage of Internet users read websites’ privacy policies Also, old people are not as worried about privacy issues as younger age groups However, companies violating privacy policies will be subjected to heavy fines d Because understanding of privacy issues on the Internet has deepened recently, Americans’ concern about these issues has increased Although this concern is real, research reveals that very few people read privacy policies online Furthermore, people of all ages are concerned about privacy on the Internet, but younger people tend to be less informed about the relationship between law and online privacy Correct Choose the best paraphrase Original: Third, in a nation that sanctifies blood kinship, adoptive families and adoptees are stigmatized because of their lack of biological relationship a Adoptive families and adoptees are treated like criminals in nations that over-value blood relationships b In some nations, adoptees not have the same legal relationship to their adoptive parents as blood kin have to their birth parents c Nations that sanctify blood relationships are often stigmatized d Where blood kinship is excessively valued, adoption is considered inferior Correct Which summary has changed the meaning of the original text and added information? a A survey in China indicated that 70% of Internet users not trust information found on certain websites while some 62% believe companies use personal information obtained from websites inappropriately b A survey in China showed that many people not feel secure when using the Internet The survey indicated that approximately 70% of Internet users not trust information found on certain websites, and 62% believe companies use personal information obtained from websites inappropriately c A countrywide survey in China indicated that people not always trust information find on the Internet They tend to believe that poorly written websites contain misleading information The majority of people also assume that companies misuse personal information by selling it for a profit d One survey revealed that the majority of people in China tend to mistrust information they find online They are likely to believe that companies misuse personal information collected online Incorrect Choose the sentence that expresses an opinion a Milk and cheeses are products available in most grocery stores b A few tablespoons of chocolate syrup improve the taste of milk significantly Correct c Teenagers need more milk than children, according to many studies Which summary is the best? a Because understanding of privacy issues on the Internet has deepened recently, Americans’ concern about these issues has increased Although this concern is real, research reveals that very few people read privacy policies online Furthermore, people of all ages are concerned about privacy on the Internet, but younger people tend to be less informed about the relationship between law and online privacy b Today, Americans are more concerned about privacy when using computers than they were in the past Because more people are accessing the Internet, more people are reading privacy policies online Furthermore, young people tend to be less concerned about privacy on the Internet because they are less informed about the many legal issues c Americans are growing more concerned about privacy on the Internet One reason is that people now have a better understanding of privacy issues Still, only 14 percent of Internet users read websites’ privacy policies Interestingly, people are equally worried about privacy issues, regardless of age However, the majority of adolescents not fully understand laws regarding privacy on the Internet d Americans are growing more concerned about privacy on the Internet Firstly, people now have a better understanding of privacy issues Still, only a small percentage of Internet users read websites’ privacy policies Also, old people are not as worried about privacy issues as younger age groups However, companies violating privacy policies will be subjected to heavy fines An opinion is something that… a is always true b others may disagree with Correct c can be counted Read the original sentence Choose the best paraphrase of this information: Water is frequently used resource that provides energy to 28 million people a So many people use water resource that it is exhausting b Water is often used as a source of energy and gives power to almost 30 million people Correct c People frequently use water resource d People don’t appreciate water as energy source because so many consumers use it An acceptable paraphrase… a … can change the meaning of the original sentence b … can add information to the original sentence c …remove most of the details d …does not change the meaning of the original Correct Which summary is the best? a One survey revealed that the majority of people in China tend to mistrust information they find online They are likely to believe that companies misuse personal information collected online Correct