[...]... Employment and Breastfeeding 487 Why Women Work 487 Historical Perspective 488 The Effect of Work on Breastfeeding 488 Strategies to Manage Breastfeeding and Work Prenatal Planning and Preparation Return to Work Hand Expression and Pumping Human Milk Storage Fatigue and Loss of Sleep Maintaining an Adequate Milk Supply The Day-Care Dilemma 489 489 491 492 493 496 496 497 xv xvi Breastfeeding and Human Lactation. .. terms relating to lactation has been expanded in this edition Section 1 contrasts the past and present Chapter 1 presents the history of breastfeeding by placing lactation and breastfeeding in its historical context Chapter 2 fast-forwards to the work of the present-day health care worker who specializes in lactation and breastfeeding, and it addresses the reality of work-related issues of lactation consulting... Section 2 focuses on basic anatomic and biologic imperatives of lactation Clinical application of xxi xxii Breastfeeding and Human Lactation techniques must be based on a clear understanding of the relationships between form, function, and biological constructs Thus this section, too, provides the background upon which to understand other aspects of lactation and breastfeeding behavior Section 3 is... Breast The Science of Early Breastfeeding Progression of In-Hospital Breastfeeding Milk Transfer During Breastfeeding 384 384 385 390 390 Discharge Planning for Postdischarge Breastfeeding Getting Enough: Determining the Need for Extra Milk Feedings 396 397 xiii xiv Breastfeeding and Human Lactation Methods to Deliver Extra Milk Feedings Away from the Breast 398 Postdischarge Breastfeeding Management... S E C T I O N 1 Historical and Work Perspectives Just as the breastfeeding course flows and ebbs in a woman’s life, so breastfeeding has experienced flows and ebbs through the centuries It takes a village to return to breastfeeding, and community-based programs that promote breastfeeding are successfully and steadily increasing the rate of breastfeeding around the world As more mothers choose to breastfeed,... visibility and acceptance of lactation consulting as an allied health profession offers opportunities for practice in hospitals, the community, and in private practice Randomized clinical trials consistently demonstrate that lactation consultant services lengthen a mother’s breastfeeding course and save money through healthier mothers and babies 1 This page intentionally left blank C H A P T E R 1 Tides in Breastfeeding. .. Whitehead, 1985) and thus do not appreciably hasten complete cessation of breastfeeding The use of feeding bottles, however, can shorten the weaning interval, the period between full sustenance by breastmilk and full sustenance by family foods (Winikoff & Laukaran, 1989) Hand-Feeding from Birth In a few regions of northern Europe (e.g., Switzerland, Finland, and Iceland) a cool, dry climate and a tradition... From at least the 1400s in Switzerland and Finland, breastfeeding was actively discouraged (Fildes, 1986) However, even in climatically optimal areas, hand-feeding was hazardous In Iceland infants were hand-fed during the 1600s and 1700 despite disastrous results; married women bore as many as 30 infants because so few survived (Hastrup, 1992) In France, some foundlings and infants with syphilis were fed... the human s closest primate relative, the chimpanzee, which secretes a milk quite similar to that of humans, suckles several times per hour, and sleeps with and nurses its young at night (Short, 1984) The Replacement of Maternal Breastfeeding Wet-Nursing FIGURE 1–1 The antiquity of lactation The bottom line shows the approximate times of first appearance of lactating precursors of modern humans and. .. time and patience to help a new breastfeeding mother get her baby onto the breast New knowledge has changed the field Research studies now verify that breastfed children are more intelligent and that not breastfeeding costs the U.S health care system billions of dollars annually Because of the new awareness of the importance of breastfeeding, the number and influence of lactation consultants has expanded . accuracy and integrity of this document Date: 2005.08.09 08:49:53 +08'00' Breastfeeding and Human Lactation Jones and Bartlett Series in Breastfeeding/ Human Lactation Case Studies in Breastfeeding: . on Breastfeeding 488 Strategies to Manage Breastfeeding and Work 489 Prenatal Planning and Preparation 489 Return to Work 491 Hand Expression and Pumping 492 Human Milk Storage 493 Fatigue and. 497 xvi Breastfeeding and Human Lactation Workplace Strategies 497 Lactation Programs in Work Sites 498 The Employer’s Perspective 500 Community Strategies 501 Health-Care Providers and Lactation