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MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ LÝ DO 1. BECAUSE OF: vì, bởi vì He doesnt go to shool because of his toothache: Anh ta không đi học vì đau răng. They are here because of us: Họ ở đây là vì chúng tôi. He walked slowly because of his bad leg: Anh ta đi chậm vì đau chân Because of his wife (s) being there, I said nothing about it. Vì có vợ anh ta ở đó, nên tôi chẳng nói gì về chuyện đó. 2. DUE TO: vì, do bởi, tại, nhờ có It is due to him: Tại hắn ta. Due to ones negligence: do cẩu thả, do lơ đễnh Due to fog, the boat arrived late: Do sương mù nên tàu đến chậm. 3. OWING TO: do vì, bởi vì Owing to the drought, crops are short: Vì hạn hán nên mùa màng thất bát. Owing to the rain, the match was cancelled: Do trời mưa, trận đấu đã bị hủy bỏ 4. ON ACCOUNT OF: ( on account of something; on thisthat account); do cái gì; vì lý do nàynọ On no account; not on any account: Không vì bất kỳ lý do nào. Dont on any account leave the prisoner unguarded: Không vì bất cứ lý do nào mà bỏ canh gác tù nhân After “ because of due to owing to on account of + the fact that...” Eg: He doesn’t go to school because of the fact that he has a toothache. 5. IN VIEW OF: (in view of something) : xét thấy, bởi vì In view of the weather, we will cancel the outing. Do tình hình thời tiết, chúng ta sẽ huỷ bỏ cuộc đi chơi này. 6. THANKS TO: (Thanks to somebodysomething): nhờ có aicái gì The play succeeded thanks to fine acting by all the cast Vở kịch thành công nhờ sự diễn xuất giỏi của tất cả các vai. Thanks to your help: Nhờ có sự giúp đỡ của anh. Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled. Do thời tiết xấu mà trận đấu đã bị hủy bỏ. 7. FOR: vì, bởi vì II. CLAUSES OF REASON: …………………
PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF REASON (CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ LÝ DO) A THEORY I.PHRASES OF REASON: Because of / Due to/Owing to + V-ing / Noun / pronoun ………………………… BECAUSE OF: vì, bởi vì - He doesn't go to shool because of his toothache: Anh ta không học vì đau - They are here because of us: Họ ở là vì chúng - He walked slowly because of his bad leg: Anh ta chậm vì đau chân - Because of his wife ('s) being there, I said nothing about it Vì có vợ ở đó, nên chẳng nói gì về chuyện đó DUE TO: vì, bởi, tại, nhờ có - It is due to him: Tại hắn ta - Due to one's negligence: cẩu thả, lơ đễnh - Due to fog, the boat arrived late: Do sương mù nên tàu đến chậm OWING TO: vì, bởi vì - Owing to the drought, crops are short: Vì hạn hán nên mùa màng thất bát - Owing to the rain, the match was cancelled: Do trời mưa, trận đấu đã bị hủy bỏ ON ACCOUNT OF: ( on account of something; on this/that account); cái gì; vì lý này/nọ On no account; not on any account: Không vì bất kỳ lý nào - Don't on any account leave the prisoner unguarded: Không vì bất cứ lý nào mà bỏ canh gác tù nhân * After “ because of/ due to/ owing to/ on account of + the fact that ” Eg: He doesn’t go to school because of the fact that he has a toothache IN VIEW OF: (in view of something) : xét thấy, bởi vì - In view of the weather, we will cancel the outing Do tình hình thời tiết, chúng ta sẽ huỷ bỏ cuộc chơi này THANKS TO: (Thanks to somebody/something): nhờ có ai/cái gì - The play succeeded thanks to fine acting by all the cast Vở kịch thành công nhờ sự diễn xuất giỏi của tất cả các vai - Thanks to your help: Nhờ có sự giúp đỡ của anh - Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled Do thời tiết xấu mà trận đấu đã bị hủy bỏ FOR: vì, bởi vì - For want of money: vì thiếu tiền/ - To live for each other: sống vì - Please it for my sake: Mong anh làm điều đó vì - To avoid something for fear of accidents: Tránh cái gì vì sợ tai nạn - For many reasons: vì nhiều lẽ II CLAUSES OF REASON: Because/ As/ Since + ………………… S+ V BECAUSE: liên từ: vì, bởi vì - He doesn't go to shool because he has a toothache - I did it because he told me to: Tôi làm vậy vì ông ta bảo làm - Just because I don't complain, people think I'm satisfied Chỉ vì không than phiền, nên người ta cứ tưởng rằng hài lòng SINCE: vì, vì lẽ rằng, bởi - Since there is no more to be said, the meeting ends Vì không còn gì nói nữa, cuộc họp bế mạc - Since we've no money, we can't buy a new car Vì không có tiền, nên chúng không mua được xe ô tô AS: (đặt ở đầu câu) do, bởi vì - As Peter is late for school, his mother has to apologize to his teacher - As you weren't there, I left a message: Vì anh không có ở đấy, đã để lại mấy chữ SEEING ( THAT/ AS): ['si:iη] - xét thấy sự thật là; do, bởi vì - Seeing (that) the weather is bad, we'll stay at home Bởi vì thời tiết xấu, chúng mình sẽ ở nhà IN THAT: : lý là, - Privatization is thought to be beneficial in that it promotes competition ( Người ta cho việc tư nhân hóa có lợi thúc đẩy cạnh tranh.) NOW (THAT) : rằng, - Now (that) you mention it , I remember the incident ( Vì anh nói đến điều đó, tơi nhớ việc xảy ra) - Now (that) you have passed your test, you can drive on your own ( Anh tự lái xe anh đổ kỳ sát hạch.) IN AS MUCH AS: (formal): lý là, - He is a Dane in as much as he was born in Denemark ( Ơng ta người Đan Mạch ơng ta sinh Đan Mạch.) FOR: liên từ (không đặt ở đầu câu): vì, bởi vì, tại vì - They don't go to the movies, for it rains cats and dogs Họ không xem phim, vì trời mưa trút nước III Cách rút gọn mệnh đề lý sang cụm từ lý a. … because + đại từ + be + adj → because of + tính từ sở hữu + N Eg: He failed the exam because he is lazy He failed the exam because of / due to his laziness b …because + N + be + adj → because of + the + adj + N Eg: They can’t go fishing because the weather is bad They can’t go fishing because of the bad weather c. …because + S + V + O → because of + V-ing + O (thường dùng chủ ngữ giống nhau) Eg: She got ill because she worked hard She got ill because of working hard B PRACTICE EXERCISE 1: Fill Because or because of in the following gaps: 1.We stopped playing tennis bo the rain 2.It was all .bo her that we got into trouble 3.We had to hurry indoors b …………… ….it was raining 4.I am late .bo the traffic 5.We didn't arrive until seven o'clock …b…… the traffic was terrible 6.She found the exam easy she had worked hard during the course 7.He can't drive his illness 8.The restaurant closed down the recession 9.He found working in Japan very difficult the language problem 10.He's very difficult to understand his accent 11.They moved to Liverpool her job 12.There have been a lot of problems in Britain mad cow disease 13.They came to London he got a job there 14.He crashed his car he was driving too fast 15.He lost his driving license he was convicted of drinking and driving 16.She could only eat a salad in the restaurant she is a vegetarian 17.The newspaper was prosecuted an article about the Government 18.It was difficult to deliver the letter …………….the sender had written the wrong address on the envelope 19.We decided to leave early …………………the party was boring 20.Rescue attempts were temporarily halted ……………………………the bad weather 21.Paul may not go to the football game………………………….his grades 22.They visited their friends often ……………….they enjoyed their company EXERCISE 2: Rewrite the following sentences in order not to change the original meanings: Because Hoa was rich, she could buy that house => Because of ………………………………………………………………… Because the rain was so heavy, I couldn't go to school => Because of ………………………………………………………………… His father asked him to go stay at home because he was sick => Because of ………………………………………………………………… Because of the cheap price, my wife insists on buying the TV => Because ………………………………………………………………… Because there was an accident, I was late => Because of ………………………………………………………………… She failed the University entrance exam because her grades were bad => Because of ………………………………………………………………… Because I studied hard, I passed the exam => Because of ………………………………………………………………… He was late for school because his bike was broken => ……………………………………….because of ………………………………… Most people think jogging is a good exercise, so they begin to jog => Because 10 Computers can be used for various purposes, so they become very popular today => Because of 11 If you passed the exam, your parents would be very happy => ……………………………………… because …………………………………… 12 Because of the hot weather, we go to the beach => If …………………………………………………………………………………… 13 They played very well Therefore, they won the game => Because …………………………………………………………………………… 14 The suitcase is too heavy for Tom to bring => ……………………………………… because ………………………………… 13 The students arrived late because of the traffic jam => ………………………………………………………………… 14 The boys stood on the bench because they wanted to get a better view =>………………………………………………………………… 15 She usually gets up early because she wants to review her lessons =>……………………………………………………………… 16 Because of his wife being there, I said nothing about it =>……………………………………………………………… 17 She likes him because he is kind =>……………………………………………………………… 18 I can't eat these fruits because of the greenness =>……………………………………………………………… 19 I haven't heard from my friend because of his leaving the country last year =>……………………………………………………………… 20 He came late because of the heavy rain =>……………………………………………………………… 21 Intelligent students often get high marks because of doing good tasks =>……………………………………………………………… 22 She went to bed early because she felt tired =>……………………………………………………………………………………… 23 It's raining, so we stay at home =>……………………………………………………………… 24 Most people hear jogging is a good exercise, so they begin to jog =>……………………………………………………………… 25 The climate in the country is healthy, so people like to live here =>……………………………………………………………… 26 A computer can be used for various purposes, so it becomes very popular nowadays =>……………………………………………………………… 27 Tomorrow is a public holiday, so all the shops will be shut =>……………………………………………………………… EXERCISE 3: Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence he is tired, he can’t work longer A Because B Even though C Although D Besides it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat A If B Since C Although D Because it was late, we decided to take a taxi home A Because B Since C Because of D Although you subtract from 12, you will have A Because B If C Though D As We couldn’t reach the house the road was flooded A because B because of C if D though he has a headache, he has to take an aspirin A Because B Because of C Although D In spite of The flight had to be delayed the bad weather A because B Because of C despite D when he comes to the theater with me, I shall go alone A Because of B Because C Unless D When Take a map with you you lose your way A so B because C although D in case 10 rain or snow, there are always more than fifty thousand fans at the football games A Even though B Because C Despite D Because of 11 his illness, he had to cancel the appointment A However B Despite C If D Because of 12 Minh had a terrible headache , he went to school A However B But C Although D Because 13 Tom has a bike, he always walks to school A but B because of C because D despite 14 My sister will take the plane she dislikes flying A because B so that C although D before 15 We decided to leave the party early it was boring A due to B because C but D and 16 The students arrived late the traffic jam A because B owing to C despite D so 17 he missed the first bus, he came ten minutes late A Since B Although C However D Therefore 18 his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman A In spite of B Because of C If D Although 19 It was difficult to deliver the letter the sender had written the wrong address on the envelope A though B but C so D because 20 it rained heavily, I went to school on time A However B But C Although D Because 21 He didn’t answer the questions correctly _ A although he isn’t intelligent B because he is intelligent C in spite of his intelligence D despite his intelligent 22 , I can’t hear what he is saying A Because of the noise B Because of the soft music C Though the music is noise D In spite of the noise music 23 _, I feel very refresh A Because I work very hard B Although I get up early C Because of getting up early D Despite getting up late 24 They live happily A because they have no money B though they are rich C in spite of their poverty D because of their poor 25 He can’t join in the volunteer campaign _ A although he is busy B because he hurts his legs C in spite of working very hard D because of registering for it 26 Cars cause pollution but people still want them A Because cars cause pollution, people want them B Despite the fact that cars cause pollution, people want them C Cars cause pollution although people want them D Cars cause pollution because people still want them 27 She was seriously ill but she enjoyed life very much A In spite of her serious illness, she enjoyed life very much B Although she enjoyed life very much, she was seriously ill C She was seriously ill because she enjoyed life very much D Despite seriously ill, she enjoyed life very much EXERCISE 4: Choose the underlined part among A, B, C, or D that needs correcting: My friends advised her to stop doing the housework because her old age A B C D Because the invention of machines such as vacuum cleaners, washing machines, A B women spend less time doing the housework C D John didn’t go to work because of he was seriously ill A B C D In spite of my father is old, he still goes to work A B C D Peter succeeded in his exam because of he worked hard and methodically A B C D Rice plants grow well because the climate is warmly and damp A B C D The plane couldn’t take off because the bad weather A B C D He couldn’t drive fast owing to the street was crowded and narrow A B C D The train was late because of the fog is thick A B C D 10 Since the difficult test, I couldn’t finish it on time A B C D EXERCISE 5: Change clauses of reason to phrases: Mary didn't go to school yesterday because she was sick She went to bed early because she felt tired 3.Ann didn't go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold J o h n s u c c e e d e d i n h i s e x a m b e c a u s e h e w o r k e d h a r d a n d methodically _ Margaret stayed home because her mother was sick I like him because his father is kind to me 7.1 can't eat these fruits because they are green I couldn’t the test because it was difficult _ I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark _ 10 He came late because it rained heavily _ 11 I can’t study because it is noisy 12 The train came late because it was foggy 13 All tile teachers love him because his conduct is good _ 14 The train was late because the fog was thick 15 We stopped our car because the traffic lights turned red 16 The plane couldn't take off because the weather was had _ 17 Rice plants grow well because the climate is warm and damp 18 He couldn't drive fast because the street was crowded and narrow _ 19 I can't sleep because the weather is hot