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Bài giảng chương 2 - RESEARCH DESIGN - phương pháp nghiên cứu khoa học
Session 2-3 RESEARCH FORMULATION & DESIGN Contents Research classification Formulation of the research project Research design I RESEARCH CLASSIFICATION: I.1 Based on the generalizability of the findings: Basic research Applied research Note: applied research vs applying research (results) I.2 Based on the conclusiveness: Exploratory research 28/05/14 Conclusive/Confirmatory research I.3 Based on the form of observed data: Qualitative research Quantitative research I.4 Based on the nature of findings: Descriptive research Causal / Associative research 28/05/14 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS: – How to apply business knowledge provided by descriptive and causal research? – How this issue is reflected in your final thesis? 28/05/14 THE RESEARCH PROCESS MANAGERIAL/THEORETICAL PROBLEM RESEARCH QUESTIONS RESEARCH OBJECTIVES RESEARCH SCOPE Explo rat qualit ory/ ative resea rch r y/ orato Expl tative quali ch r r es ea LITERATURE REVIEW MODEL - HYPOTHESES RESEARCH DESIGN DATA NEEDS & SOURCES MEASUREMENT SCALES SAMPLING COLLECTION METHOD DESIGN PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS TEST - ADJUSTMENT FIELD WORK DATA COLLECTION DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION REPORT OF FINGDINGS 28/05/14 RESEARCH PROCESS II RESEARCH FORMULATION II.1 Introduction – A difficult and time-consuming stage – Often starting from a broad area/subject of interest – Narrow down to more specific issues – Ask what / how / why / … questions 28/05/14 II.2 Sources of research topics: – From management problem to be solved – From the suggestion of managers / policy makers – Limitations / suggestions from previous researches – Shortages / Incompleteness of existing theories – Experience or observation of the researcher 28/05/14 II.3 Criteria of a good research topic: Significance by theoretical implications or practical implications (expected contributions / values) Researchability: the research objects can be observed, describe, explained or predicted Adequacy: Complication level / researcher’s skill / experience Available resources and conditions 28/05/14 II.4 Writing the research formulation: General background (key research objects / concepts) Defining the management problem / dilemma Statement of the research problem / research gaps Shortages of knowledge / information of the topic Importance / significance of the research Statement of research objectives / questions Scope / presumption of the research + The order and emphasis may vary by different situations + The logical flow from mgt problem to research objectives 28/05/14 Notes to the setting up of research scope Space & time dimensions Objects / factors that are beyond the scope of study Clarification of terminologies if needed Presumptions for simplifying the research Scope of interpretation & generalization of the findings 28/05/14 10 III STEPS IN RESEARCH DESIGN III.1 Definition: Designing a research is to develop a plan on the research strategy and methods to observe, measure, collect and analyze data to attend the research objectives Involves a series of rational decision-making choices As detailed / specific as possible 28/05/14 14 III.2 Process of research design (5 steps) : Step Research formulation (see session II) Step Literature Review (1) Purposes: To identify key concepts / factors / variables To systemize / comment / criticize previous studies To seek for the foundational theories for the research To support the interpretation / comparison of results To study previous studies’ design / measurement scales Literature review in quantitative & qualitative research 28/05/14 15 Step Literature Review (2) Search and Read: – Use keywords / key concepts – Identify key authors / key papers – Identify relevant foundational theories – Review papers are very useful Summarize/organize them into a thematical framework Develop a Concept vs Author matrix 28/05/14 16 Step Literature Review (3) What to present/write: – General introdution – Key concepts / factors (definitions, conceptualization, components, attributes, theories/perspectives, debates) – Key relations (what and why: theoretical arguments and empirical findings in previous related studies) Concept centric vs Author centric writing style Pay due attention to citing references (APA style) 28/05/14 17 Step Conceptual framework / model / hypothesis: Conceptual framework: the theoretical foundation on which the entire research project is based a logically developed, described, and elaborated network of associations among the variables deemed relevant to the problem or situation can be identified / developed through literature review, interviews, and/or observations Example of a conceptual framework 28/05/14 18 Research model: …is a representation of the system under investigation Model can be in different forms Example of a research model components of a model: + Variables / attributes / factors to be investigated + Rules of interaction: descriptive / associative / causal Construct - Concept –Variable 28/05/14 19 Hypothesis : a logically conjectured relationship between two or more variables expressed in the form of a testable statement (Sekaran, 2003, p 103) a temporary answer to the research question resulted from the deduction process used in quantitative research hypothesis vs proposition 28/05/14 20 Examples of hypothesis: - Descriptive hypothesis: H1:“Vietnamese population increases by 10% a year” - Associative hypothesis: H2:“Female spending on clothes is more than that of male” - Causal hypothesis: H3:“For adults, learning motivation has a positive impact on learning effectiveness” 28/05/14 21 Criteria of a good hypothesis: - Based on theoretical deduction / empirical induction - Empirically testable - Clearly / precisely stated - Variables must be measurable 28/05/14 22 Step Research design S4.1 Data needs Based on Step to determine variables / attributes / objects to observe and measure Notes: Quantitative research: Data needs data collection data analysis Qualitative research: Data need, data collection and data analysis interweave together 28/05/14 23 S4.2 Data sources + Secondary data + Primary data + Experiment S4.3 Measurement scale & data collection method + Qualitative/ Quantitative + Measurement scale + Questionnaire / supportive instruments + Data collection method 28/05/14 24 S4.4 Sampling design + Population of study + Sampling frame + Sample size + Sampling method S4.5 Plan for data analysis + Method of data analysis to be used + Scales and sample size required for analysis method + Analysis method must be chosen before collecting data 28/05/14 25 Step Developing the “Research Proposal” A document presenting all contents from step to step Common outline: + Background / Introduction + Research problem, objectives, questions and scope + Preliminary literature review and proposed model + Research design + Resources, organization and timeframe + References + Appendices (if needed) Detail of each part will vary by the evaluator’s criteria 28/05/14 26 Case analyze the literature review section in an article assigned to you Identify key concepts, authors, theory and how the author(s) wrote this section present your results in class 28/05/14 27 END SESSION 28/05/14 28 ... education? 28 /05/14 11 Case – Market Orientation - Background: (to be filled by participant) - Management problem: - Research problems / research gaps: - Research objectives / questions : - Research. .. 28 /05/14 21 Criteria of a good hypothesis: - Based on theoretical deduction / empirical induction - Empirically testable - Clearly / precisely stated - Variables must be measurable 28 /05/14 22 Step... STEPS IN RESEARCH DESIGN III.1 Definition: Designing a research is to develop a plan on the research strategy and methods to observe, measure, collect and analyze data to attend the research