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Các cấu trúc đảo ngữ và cấu trúc tương đương. Bài tập cấu trúc đảo ngữ và cấu trúc tương đương rất có lợi cho học sinh thi học sinh giỏi, nâng cao kĩ năng ngữ pháp tiếng anh.
Ôn Tập Tiếng Anh Cấu Trúc Đảo Ngữ 1. Đảo ngữ thường gặp khi viết lại câu a) SO-SUCH Hình thức: *S+be/V+so+adj/adv+that+clause. =So+adj/adv+be/do *S+be+such+(a/an)+adj+N+that+clause. =Such+a/an+adj+N+be+S+that+clause. Ví dụ: *He worked so hard in the past that he is now weak. =So hard did he work in the past that he is now weak/ *The question was so great that he had to think it over. =Shuch great question was it that he had to think it over. b) NEVER-AT NO TIME. Hình thức: S+have/has+never+V_pp before/in one’s lìe/again… =Never/ At no time+before/in one’s life/again+have/has+S+V_pp. (Nếu trong câu có before/in one’s life/ thì ta đưa lên với never) Ví dụ: She has neverr been so happy before. =Never before has she been so happy. c) HARDLY-NO SOONER Hình thức:S+had+hardly+V_pp+…+when+clause =Hardly+had+S+V_pp+…+when+clause (Vừa mới…thì đã) =No sooner +had+S+V_pp+…than+clause. Ví dụ: He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang =Hardly had he left the office when the telephone rang =No sooner had he left the office than… d) ONLY WHEN-NOT UNTIL Hình thức: *Only when+S+V/V_aux+S+V (chỉ khi làm gì) *[Not until+N+V_aux+S+V (Mãi đến khi) [Not until+Clause+V_aux+S+V (Cho đến khi) Ví dụ:*I didn’t know she had been well-known untilmy friends told me. =Only when my friends told me did I know she had been well-know. *Man didn’t fly into space until the early 1960s =Not until the early 1960s did man fly into space *They couldn’t go on working until the rain stopped. =Not until the rain stopped could they go on working. e) NOT ONLY-BUT ALSO Hình thức: Not only+V_aux+S+V_inf+…but+S+also+V… Ví dụ: He spent all his money. He even borrowed some from me. =Not only did he spend all his money but he also borrowed from me. f) IT WAS NOT UNTIL Hình thức: S+didn’t+V_inf+…until… =It was not until+mốc thời gian+that+S+V_ed (Mãi cho đến khi…thì) =Not until+Mốc thời gian+did+S+Vinf. Ví dụ: She didn’t become a teacher until 1990 = It was not until 1990 that she become a teacher. = Not until 1990 did she become a teacher. 2. Bài Tập He spent all his money. He even borrowed some from me. Not only_____________________________________ 2. He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang. No sooner ____________________________________ 3. I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back. Hardly _____________________________________ 4. He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang. Not until _____________________________________ 5. We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months. Only ________________________________________ 6. I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you. Never _________________________________________ 7 The facts were not all made public until later. Only______________________________________ 8. The response to our appeal was so great that we has to take on more staff. Such__________________________________________ 9. Harry broke his leg, and also injured his shoulder. Not only ____________________________________ 10. The snowfall was so heavy that all the trains had to be cancelled. So ________________________________________ 11. As soon as I got into the bath, someone knocked at the door. No sooner _____________________________________ 12. There was so much uncertainty that the financial markets remained closed. Such_______________________________________ 13. It’s not common for there to be so much rain in March. Seldom______________________________________ 14. You won’t allowed in until your identify has been checked. Only_______________________________________∀ 15. Just after the play started there was a power failure. Hardly______________________________________ 16. The way so much money has been spent to so little purpose must be a record. Never before________________________________ Cấu Trúc Tương Đương 1. Cấu trúc của run out of. Form: S+run out of+something =S+don’t have anything =S+be+empty Example: We’ve run out of tea =There tea is empty =We don’t have any tea 2. Tường thuật với denied. Form: It+be+certainly/surely+wasn’t+O+who+V+… =S+denied+V_ing… (tường thuật lại ý phủ định) Example: “It certainly wasn’t me who took your car!” said Bob =Bob denied taking my car 3. Cấu trúc Sure= Must have Form: S+ be sure +V_past+… =S+must |have+V_pp |not+V_pp Example: I’m sure he was at home last night. =He must have been at home last night. 4.Cấu trúc với posssible và Pershaps Form: It is possoble that+ S+ V_past =S+think+perhaps+S+V_past =S+can/could/might/may+have+V_pp Example: I think perhaps she was there last ngight. =she can have been there last night 5. Because of… Form: S1+V1+Because of/Owning to/Due to+V_ing/N =S1+V1+because+as+since+S2+V2 Example: he wasn’t allowed to come in because he was late. =Due to being late, he wasn’t allowed allowed to come in 6.Make Form: *S+made+O+V_pp =Force+O to V_inf *S+be+adj =S+make+O+adj Example: *Why was she late? =What makes she late? *They make him wait for two hours =He was made to wait for two hours. 7. It’s high time Form: It’s high time+S+past subjunctive =S+should/ had better/ ought to+V_inf Example: You really should be able to dress yourself by now. =It’s high time you dressed yourself by now. 8. Not only… But also Form: S+V+both… and =S+V+O/C+and+O/C =S+V+and+S+V =S+V+not only… but also. Example: You are both funny and witty. =You are not only funny and witty. =You are funny and witty. 9. Causative form. Form: 1. Causative active: S+get/ask/request/want+S.O do S.T =S+have+S.O+to do Sth. 2. Causative passive: =S+have Sth+P.P Example: Someone is going to repair my TV set tomorrow. =I am going to have my Tv set repaired tomorrow. 10. USED TO. Form: a) S+don’t / doesn’t + V_inf +…… any more. =S+used to+V_inf+… =S+stop+V_ing+… =S+NO LONGER+v+…. =S+V+….+any longer. =S+give up+V_ing+…… b) Tobe used to: S+be accustomed to+V_ing =S+often+V =S+be used to+V_ing Example: They once started these machines by hand. =They used to star these machines by hand. *I often get up early =I am used to getting earlyy. *Working a large office is a new experience for me. =I am not used to working a large office Form: whose+N+be+N? (cái… của ai) =Who+ do/does+N+belong to? ( cái….thuộc của ai?) Example: Whose cars are these? = Who do these cars belong to? 12. Be necessary and have to Form: *S+don’t need to+V…. =S+don’t have to. =S+be+not necessary/poinless. *There is no need to =S+needn’t ……. Example: It isn’t necessary to shout =You don’t need to shout. 13. Would rather+clause and id only Form: *If only + |Past subjctive. |Past perfect subjunctive. *S+would rather+S+subjuntive. Example: What a pity he didn’t spend more time revising = It only he had spent more time revising. Một số cấu trúc khác 1. S + be + adj + prep = S + V + adv Eg: My students are very good at Mathematics. -> My students study Mathematics well. 2. S + remember + to do Sth = S + don’t forget + to do Sth -> I remember to have a Maths test tomorrow I don't forget to have a Maths test tomorrow. 3. It + be + adj = What + a + adj + N! -> It was an interesting film. What an interesting film. 4. S + V + adv = How + adj + S + be -> She washes clothes quickly How quick she is to wash clothes. 5. S + be + ing-adj = S + be +ed-adj . Ôn Tập Tiếng Anh Cấu Trúc Đảo Ngữ 1. Đảo ngữ thường gặp khi viết lại câu a) SO-SUCH Hình thức: *S+be/V+so+adj/adv+that+clause. =So+adj/adv+be/do . so little purpose must be a record. Never before________________________________ Cấu Trúc Tương Đương 1. Cấu trúc của run out of. Form: S+run out of+something =S+don’t have anything =S+be+empty Example:. car 3. Cấu trúc Sure= Must have Form: S+ be sure +V_past+… =S+must |have+V_pp |not+V_pp Example: I’m sure he was at home last night. =He must have been at home last night. 4 .Cấu trúc với