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22558 fRESHWATER 2001 June fisHes Of NORTHERN VIETNAM Xi ~~ ~~ E Envionmn '~ -East an oil eeometUi AsaadPcfcRgo J The World _Bank_ ~ WoTl Bak hMA]e FRESHWATER FISHES OF NORTHERN VIETNAM A preliminary check-list of the fishes known or expected to occur in northern Vietnam with comments on systematics and nomenclature Maurice Kottelat June 2001 Environment and Social Development Sector Unit East Asia and Pacific Region The World Bank Freshwater Fishes of Northern Vietnam A preliminary check-list of the fishes known or expected to occur in northern Vietnam with comments on systematics and nomenclature Maurice Kottelat, June 2001 Route de la Baroche 12, Case Postale 57, CH-2952 Comol, Switzerland(address for correspondence); and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260 Email: mkottelat@dplanet.ch Report prepared under World Bank Swiss Consultant Trust Funds for the largely Danish-funded Freshwater Biodiversity Overlay to Support the Vietnam National Hydropower Study as part of the World Bank Environment Department's Global Overlays Program Some photographs were obtained during different activites and the author retains all rights over all photographs included in this report This report is a published work in the sense of art 8.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature It is issued for the purpose of providing a public and permanent record (art 8.1.1) This publication was developed and produced by the Environment and Social Development Unit (EASES), East Asia and Pacific Region of the World Bank The Environment, Rural Development, and Social Development Units are part of the Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development (ESSD) Network Papers in the EASES Discussion Paper Series are not formal publications of the World Bank They are published and circulated to encourage discussion and comment within the development community The findings, interpretations, judgments, and conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the author and should not be attributed to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to members of the Board of Executive Directors or the governments they represent Copies of this paper are available from: Tony Whitten, Senior Biodiversity Specialist, EASES, Room MC8-209, The World Bank, 1818 H St NW, Washington DC 20433, USA; twhitten@worldbank.org Freshwater Fishes of Northern Vietnam Table of Contents Part I A preliminary check-list of the fishes known or expected to occur in northern Vietnam with comments on systematics and nomenclature Bibliography I 65 Part Annex 1: Translation of selected parts of Mai D Y (1978), Identification of the freshwater fishes of northern Vietnam 74 Annex 2: Nomenclatural status of names of Vietnamese fishes proposed by Nguyen & Doan ("Hao & Hoa") (1969) 113 Annex 3: Reproduction of the original Nguyen and Doan (1969) 123 Color Plates ii Part 1: Freshwater Fishes of Northern Vietnam Acknowledgements I am pleased to thank the following persons for their help at different stages of this work: Pham Duc Tien, Nguyen Huu Dung, Mai Quang Phuc and Ngo Sy Van assisted in the field; Ng Heok Hee (ZRC, UMMZ) identified some of the catfishes; Fang Fang (NRM) translated some Chinese texts; Jean-Claude Hureau, Guy Duhamel, Patrice Pruvost, Monique Margout (MNHN), Sven Kullander, Erik Ahlander (NRM), Yang Jung-Xing and Cui Gui-Hua (KIZ) provided access to material under their care and various museum and library facilities; Sven Kullander (NRM) and Peter K L Ng (ZRC) commented on the manuscript; Zhou Wei provided information on the distribution of some species in the Chinese part of the Hong River basin Mai Dinh Yen provided welcome insights into the history of Vietnamese ichthyology and also access to Vietnamese literature Pham Duc Tien also translated sections of Mai (1978) which is presented as Annex This publication reports results from work conducted in 1998 as part of an aquatic biodiversity assessment of the Halong Bay World Heritage Site (northern Vietnam) funded through Swiss Consultant Trust Funds at the World Bank and in 1999-2000 as part of the Freshwater Biodiversity Overlay to Support the Vietnam National Hydropower Study, a project of the World Bank Environment Department's Global Overlays Program, with financial support from Danish and Swiss Consultant Trust Funds, and executed by WWF Indochina Programme This report would never have come to light without the efforts, help, tenacity and friendship of Tony Whitten of the World Bank who planned and organised the work, and made enormous efforts to get all possible benefit from it i Freshwater Fishes of Northern Vietnam Foreword This report is a product of one of the projects in the World Bank's Global Overlays Program primanrly financed by the Danish government, though in this case funds from the Swiss government were used to support Dr Maurice Kottelat's contribution This particular Overlay project concerned freshwater biodiversity in the context of the Vietnamese National Hydropower Study It was coordinated by the National Environmental Agency on behalf of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, with technical assistance provided by the World Wide Fund for Nature's office in Hanoi The objective of the project was to enable water resource planning, particularly with regard to hydropower, to proceed in full consideration of freshwater biodiversity functions and their broad economic values Maurice Kottelat has used photographs taken during the curtailed field work together with his unparalleled knowledge of the fish of the region to write a critical analysis of the fish fauna of northern Vietnam Despite data limitations, this report will be essential reference for those undertaking the biodiversity work as part of environmental assessments (EAs) for any project affecting water in the area This is the first time such a report has been published by the World Bank, but we so in recognition of the foundational role of taxonomy in sustainable development, of the importance of freshwater biodiversity in the lives of the riparian people of Vietnam (many of them among the poorest of the citizens), and of the need to understand the biological resources for rational planning We will ensure that, at least in work connected to projects financed by the World Bank, full account is taken of this report, and we look forward to being able one day to producing a user-friendly field guide to these animals as the World Bank has supported elsewhere in the region Andrew Steer Vietnam Country Director East Asia and Pacific Region Zafer Ecevit Sector Director Environment and Social Development Unit East Asia and Pacific Region Part I Freshwater Fishes of Northern Vietnam Part A Preliminary Check-list of the Fishes Known or Expected to Occur in Northern Vietnam with Comments on Systematics and Nomenclature Abstract 268 native species are recorded from the freshwaters of Vietnam (from the Ca River basin northwards) and immediately adjacent waters in China and Laos The systematic status and nomenclature of all species have been reevaluated Compared to the last synthesis of the fishes known from the same area, 20 (10 %) of the 203 formerly recognised species are invalid, 85 (42 %) additional species are recognised, and the names of 150 (74 %) of the then-known species are shown to be incorrect (either because of misidentifications, or for various nomenclatural reasons) The fish fauna of the Chinese Provinces of Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, and Hainan has been compared with the Vietnamese fish fauna where relevant in an attempt to make the nomenclatures used in the two countries compatible and in agreement with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature Some of the systematic findings and nomenclatural changes are summarised in Tables and One assumes that when [experimental biologists] state that they used ml ethanol, they were not using ml of methanol; and yet, if the experimental animal is wrongly identified, what are the grounds for such an assumption? Kevan (1973: 1212) This report is a product of the World Bank Environment Department's 'Global Overlays Program' This particular project concerned freshwater biodiversity in the context of the Vietnamese National Hydropower Study The objective of the project was to enable water resource planning, particularly with regard to hydropower, to proceed in full consideration of freshwater biodiversity This was to have been achieved by: * understanding the distribution of Vietnamese fish and other organisms within and beyond the country, * providing recommendations for appropriate design and implementation of hydropower and other water use programs or projects that * * * allow water to be used but not at the expense of the freshwater biodiversity, demonstrating the incremental benefits of freshwater biodiversity, estimating the incremental (mitigation) costs of sustainable management of freshwater biodiversity in areas designated as suitable for different types of hydropower and other infrastructure-orientated developments, and holding a national workshop to discuss, improve and disseminate ideas and findings Unfortunately, problems (mainly the inability to export specimens temporarily for identification) precluded completion of the work Despite this, I have used the photographs taken during the brief field work, together with my knowledge of the fish of the region to write a critical analysis of the fish fauna of northern Vietnam I must stress that this analysis based primarily on photographs has severe limitations, primarily that it is virtually impossible in this way to identify small-sized species with any confidence and that these small species are the most likely to be endemics with limited distributions, and thus of the greatest biodiversity value As a result their number and diversity is probably grossly underestimated in this report Nevertheless, the numerous nomenclatural and taxonomic problems which have been identified on the basis of the photographs alone is an indication of the desperate need for critical analysis of this fauna by trained specialists with transnational experience The purpose of the present check-list is to present an overview of our present knowledge on the diversity, systematics and nomenclature of the freshwater fishes of northern Vietnam It also includes a selected bibliography of the publications of greatest immediate concern when working on this fauna Although two books have already been published on the fishes of northern Vietnam (Chevey & Lemasson, 1937; Mai, 1978) they are outdated and misleading, and it appears that the fish fauna of Vietnam is one of the most poorly known in the World, both quantitatively and qualitatively As a result of the war and politics, Vietnamese ichthyology has evolved with little contact with the outside world and this has had unfortunate consequences Ichthyological work published in Vietnam is very difficult to reconcile with work published outside the country The first task is to adjust the nomenclature used in Vietnam to ensure that it conforms to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature [ICZN hereafter] (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999) The situation is aggravated by two factors Decisions of a strictly scientific nature can be influenced by non-scientific considerations, and this negatively impacts the efficiency of field Part L-Freshwater Fishes of Northern Vietnam work and research It also interferes with scientific exchanges Exchange of material, data and knowledge is necessary for good management of natural resources, and is beneficial for the country in the long run; if one is able to benefit from the results of research conducted abroad, there is no need to replicate it and this saves time, effort and money The present work had to be done without physical access to the samples I obtained in the field and this obviously has limited the conclusions In many instances, very little additional work is needed to solve complex problems, but this last step has not been possible A significant part of the north Vietnamese fish fauna is shared with southern China Although significantly more advanced, in many aspects the state of our knowledge of the Chinese fish fauna is similar It is therefore not surprising that many species are known under completely different names on either side of the border I have attempted to make these two sets of data compatible The list in this report includes all the fishes which have been recorded in the scientific literature or observed by myself in Vietnam north of (and including) the Ca River basin It also includes species recorded from within a few kilometres upstream or downstream of the Vietnamese border in Laos (Kottelat, 2001) and in Yunnan Province of China (Chu & Chen, 1989, 1990); similar data were not available for Guangxi Province of China Records based on the literature are included but only if they seem reasonably reliable; that is, either there are ways to confirm the identification from the document itself or from voucher specimens, or the author(s) is (are) known to be well experienced Fisheries records have not been taken into consideration since they tend to be unreliable and/or too superficial for serious biodiversity work A very small area of northern Vietnam drains to the Mekong basin near Dien Bien Phu, Lai Chau Province There is apparently no data on the fishes of that area Data on the fishes of adjacent areas in Laos can be found in Kottelat (2001) yr +SE4i; Fig.-@ pluriradiatus,92 mm SL Fig 103 Pelteobagrus Fig 104 Hemibagrusvietnamicus, 188 mm SL Fig 97 Sinogastromyzon sp B, 45 mm SL Fig 105 Hemibagrus A, 84 mmSL sp basin) Fig 98 Botia pulchra,85 mm SL (Nanpangjiang fulvidraco,48 mm SL Fig 106 Pelteobagrus ^-e basin) Fig, 99 Botiarobusta, 66 mm SL (Nanpangjiang 81 Fig 100 Misgurnusanguillicaudatus, mm SL - virgatus,43 mm SL Fig 107 Pelteobagrus _ _ tonkinensis,83 mm SL Fig 101 Misgurnus cf Fig 102 Leptobotia elongata,155 mm SL Fig 108 Cranoglanishenrici,127 mm SL ~~~~~~~-40% Fig 109 Pterocryptis cochinchinensis 131 mm SL i Fig 110 Silurus asotus, 221 mm SL - Fig 115 Pareuchilogianis nebulifer, 74 mm SL Fig 111 Bagarius rutilus 198 mm SL Fig, 116 Clarias fuscus, 98 mm SL Fig 112 Glyptothorax honghensis 58 mm SL L ' ' ~~~~~ _'SAtL - na um 61 mm Fig 113 Glyptothorax interspinalum 61 mm SL _ ~ Fig 117 Anus arius, 107 mm SL - Fig 118 Oryzias curvinotus 22 mm SL Fig 119 Oryzias pectoralis, 24 mm SL Fig 120 Oryzias sinensis, 23 mm SL (Mekong basin) Fig 114 Glyptothorax quadriocellatus 40 mm SL = Fig 121 Salangidaeind., 120 mm SL - - S Fig 129 Sineleotris A, 64mm SL sp Fig 122 Xenentodoncf canciloides,208 mm SL Fig 130 Acentrogobius caninus mmSL 81 Fig 123 Monopterusalbus, 139mm SL (Mekongbasin) Fig 131 Bostrychussinensis,139 mm SL Fig 124.Ambassisvachellii.40 mm SL Fig 132 Calamianaillota.34 mm SL Fig 133 Glossogobius giuris, 112mm SL Fig, 125 Coreoperca whiteheadi,100 mm SL Fig 134 ? Micropercops macropectoralis, mm SL 29 Fig 126 Teraponjarbua, 152mm SL E X V Fig 135.Mugilogobius abei 27 mm SL Fig 127 Neodontobutis tonkinensis,49 mm SL Fig 136 Mugilogobius chulae,30 mm SL Fig 128 Sineleotrisnamxamensis, mm SL 95 7~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~W- Fig 137 Papuligobiusuniporus.41 mm SL milleri, male (above),39mm SL, Fig 144 Rhinogobius and female(below),46 mm SL modestus,46 mm SL Fig 138 Periophthalmus javanicus 25 mm SL Fig 139 Pseudogobius nammaensis,male (above) Fig 145 Rhinogobius 43 mm SL and female(below).35 m SL Fig 140 Rhinogobiushonghensis male (above), 37 mm SL and female (below) 42 mm SL vermiculatus,male (above), Fig 146 Rhinogobius 34 mm SL, and female(below).31 mm SL Fig 141 Rhinogobius duospilus, 45 mm SL leavelli,53 mm SL Fig 142 Rhinogobius Fig 147 Rhinogobius A, male (above).39 mm SL sp and female (below),40 mm SL giurinus 49 mm SL Fig 143 Rhinogobius Fig 148 Rhinogobius B 25 mm SI- sp sp Fig 149 Rhinogobius C male (above) 28 mm SL and female(below) 35 mm SL trichopterus,56 mm SL Fg 154 Tnchogaster Fig 155 Channa gachua 87 mm SL Fig 150 Rhinogobius sp D male (above), 37 mm SL and female (below), 36 mm SL Fig 156 Channa maculata, 121 mm SL Fig 157 Channastriata 144 mm SL (Mekongbasin) sp Fig 151 Rhinogobius E, male (above),47 mm SL, and female(below).48 mm SL armatus,76 and 141 mmSL Fig, 158 Mastacembelus Fig 152 Anabastestudineus,56 mm SL Fig 159 Sinobdellasinensis,151 mm SL Phraya basin) opercularis,41 mm SL Fig 153 Macropodus Fig 161 Fugu ocellatus.65 mm SL Fig 162 Homalosoma A, 45 mm SL sp THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 l | |l USA For further information please contact: Anthony Whitten Phone: 202'458*2253 Email: txwhitten@xworldbank.org ... Annex 1: Translation of selected parts of Mai D Y (1978), Identification of the freshwater fishes of northern Vietnam 74 Annex 2: Nomenclatural status of names of Vietnamese fishes proposed by... USA; twhitten@worldbank.org Freshwater Fishes of Northern Vietnam Table of Contents Part I A preliminary check-list of the fishes known or expected to occur in northern Vietnam with comments on... role of taxonomy in sustainable development, of the importance of freshwater biodiversity in the lives of the riparian people of Vietnam (many of them among the poorest of the citizens), and of