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VISUAL MATERIALS FOR THE SPEAKING TEST Part 1 Reading Task 1 Facebook Parent Company Meta Cuts 11,000 Jobs Meta, the company that owns the social media service Facebook, announced Wednesday that it wi.
VISUAL MATERIALS FOR THE SPEAKING TEST Part 1: Reading: Task 1: Facebook Parent Company Meta Cuts 11,000 Jobs Meta, the company that owns the social media service Facebook, announced Wednesday that it will cut 11,000 jobs Company chief Mark Zuckerberg started Facebook in 2004 In a letter to employees, he took responsibility for misjudging (đánh giá sai) how the economy would change after COVID-19 restrictions ended “This did not play out the way I expected,” Zuckerberg wrote He pointed to (chỉ ra) a loss of advertising (quảng cáo) and said people used their computers and mobile phones less often after the pandemic (đại dịch) ended He said he made the choice to hire (thuê) more people because he expected the company’s profits to grow “I got this wrong,” he wrote The price of Meta stock shares has gone down by over 70 percent in 2022 At the same time, Zuckerberg directed the company to invest $10 billion each year to create “the metaverse.” Zuckerberg believes a digital universe will soon replace smart phones as the main way people use technology In the summer, Zuckerberg’s company reported its first-ever revenue (doanh thu) drop It reported another drop in the autumn A worldwide economic slowdown (suy thoái) and a bad expectation for advertising hurt Meta and other social media companies For example, Twitter cut 7,500 jobs last week as businessman (doanh nhân) Elon Musk took over the social media service In addition, some social media companies are having trouble getting the same amount of information from their users Last year, Apple made changes to the way its iPhones report user activity The changes make it harder for social media companies such as Facebook, Instagram and Snapchat to send targeted (nhắm mục tiêu) advertisements to phone owners 11/18/2022 In addition to the job cuts, Meta said it will not hire new employees at least until the spring of 2023 Zuckerberg said the company made changes to cut costs, but it was not enough He called the choice to cut jobs a “hard decision.” Meta employees will soon find out if they have a job by email If their job is cut, they will be able to use their company email to say goodbye to co-workers They will receive at least 16 weeks of pay if they lose their jobs The company’s stock market price rose about six percent after the news was released Task 2: EMMA WATSON: GENDER EQUALITY IS YOUR ISSUE TOO Today we are launching (phát động) a campaign (chiến dịch) called “HeForShe.” I am reaching out (liên hệ) to you because I need your help. We want to end gender inequality —and to that we need everyone to be involved (tham gia) This is the first campaign of its kind at the UN: we want to try and galvanize (khuyến khích) as many men and boys as possible to be advocates (những người ủng hộ) for gender equality And we don’t just want to talk about it, but make sure it is tangible (hữu hình) I was appointed (được bổ nhiệm) six months ago and the more I have spoken about feminism (nữ quyền) the more I have realized that fighting for women’s rights has too often become synonymous (đồng nghĩa) with man-hating If there is one thing I know for certain, it is that this has to stop For the record, feminism by definition is: “The belief (niềm tin) that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities It is the theory (lý thuyết) of the political, economic and social equality of the sexes.” I started questioning gender-based assumptions (các giả định dưạ giới tính) when at eight I was confused (bối rối) at being called “bossy (hách dịch),” because I wanted to direct the plays (chỉ đạo kịch) we would put on for our parents — but the boys were not When at 14 I started being sexualized (tình dục hóa) by certain elements (yếu tố) of the press When at 15 my girlfriends started dropping out (bỏ) of their sports teams because they didn’t want to appear “muscly.” 11/18/2022 When at 18 my male friends were unable to express their feelings I decided I was a feminist (nhà nữ quyền) and this seemed uncomplicated to me But my recent research has shown me that feminism has become an unpopular word Apparently (rõ ràng) I am among the ranks of women whose expressions (biểu hiện) are seen as too strong, too aggressive (hung hăng) , isolating (cô lập) , anti-men and, unattractive Why is the word such an uncomfortable one? I am from Britain and think it is right that as a woman I am paid the same as my male counterparts (đồng nghiệp) I think it is right that I should be able to make decisions about my own body I think it is right that women be involved on my behalf (thay mặt tôi) in the policies and decision-making of my country I think it is right that socially I am afforded (đủ khả năng) the same respect (tôn trọng) as men But sadly I can say that there is no one country in the world where all women can expect to receive these rights No country in the world can yet say they have achieved gender equality These rights I consider (coi là) to be human rights but I am one of the lucky ones My life is a sheer privilege (đặc ân tuyệt đối) because my parents didn’t love me less because I was born a daughter My school did not limit me because I was a girl My mentors didn’t assume I would go less far because I might give birth to a child one day These influencers were the gender equality ambassadors (đại sứ) that made me who I am today They may not know it, but they are the inadvertent (vơ tình) feminists who are changing the world today And we need more of those And if you still hate the word—it is not the word that is important but the idea and the ambition (tham vọng) behind it Because not all women have been afforded (được hưởng) the same rights that I have In fact, statistically (theo thống kê), very few have been In 1995, Hilary Clinton made a famous speech in Beijing about women’s rights Sadly many of the things she wanted to change are still a reality (một thực tế) today But what stood out for me (nổi bật tôi) the most was that only 30 percent of her audience were male How can we affect change in the world when only half of it is invited or feel welcome to participate in the conversation? Men — I would like to take this opportunity to extend (gửi) your formal invitation Gender equality is your issue too Because to date, I’ve seen my father’s role as a parent being valued less by society despite my needing his presence as a child as much as my mother’s 11/18/2022 I’ve seen young men suffering from mental illness (bệnh thâm thần) unable to ask for help for fear (vì sợ hãi) it would make them less of a men or less of a man — in fact, in the UK, suicide (tự tử) is the biggest killer of men between 20-49 years of age; eclipsing (làm lu mờ) road accidents, cancer and coronary heart disease (bệnh tim mạch vành) I’ve seen men made fragile (dễ vỡ) and insecure (bất an) by a distorted sense (cảm giác méo mó) of what constitutes (tạo nên) male success Men don’t have the benefits of equality either We don’t often talk about men being imprisoned (bị giam cầm) by gender stereotypes (định kiến) but I can see that they are and that when they are free, things will change for women as a natural consequence If men don’t have to be aggressive (hung hăng) in order to be accepted women won’t feel compelled (bắt buộc) to be submissive (phục tùng) If men don’t have to control, women won’t have to be controlled Both men and women should feel free to be sensitive (nhạy cảm) Both men and women should feel free to be strong… It is time that we all perceive (nhìn nhận) gender on a spectrum (phạm vi) not as two opposing sets of ideals If we stop defining (định nghĩa) each other by what we are not and start defining ourselves by what we are — we can all be freer (tự hơn) and this is what HeForShe is about It’s about freedom. I want men to take up (đảm nhận) this mantle (vai trò) So their daughters, sisters and mothers can be free from prejudice but also so that their sons have permission to be vulnerable and human too — reclaim (đòi lại) those parts of themselves they abandoned (bị bỏ rơi) and in doing so be a more true and complete version of themselves You might be thinking who is this Harry Potter girl? And what is she doing up on stage at the UN It’s a good question and trust me, I have been asking myself the same thing I don’t know if I am qualified (đạt tiêu chuẩn) to be here All I know is that I care about this problem And I want to make it better And having seen what I’ve seen — and given the chance — I feel it is my duty to say something English Statesman Edmund Burke said: “All that is needed for the forces of evil to triumph (chiên thắng) is for enough good men and women to nothing.” In my nervousness (lo lắng) for this speech and in my moments of doubt (khoảnh khắc nghi ngờ) I’ve told myself firmly (một cách chắn)—if not me, who, if not now, when If you have similar doubts when opportunities are presented to you I hope those words might be helpful 11/18/2022 Because the reality is that if we nothing it will take 75 years, or for me to be nearly a hundred before women can expect to be paid the same as men for the same work 15.5 million girls will be married in the next 16 years as children And at current rates (tỷ lệ tại) it won’t be until 2086 before all rural (nông thôn) African girls will be able to receive a secondary education If you believe in equality, you might be one of those inadvertent (vô tình) feminists I spoke of earlier And for this I applaud (hoang nghênh) you We are struggling for (đấu tranh cho) a uniting word but the good news is we have a uniting movement It is called HeForShe I am inviting you to step forward (bước phía trước), to be seen to speak up (nói lên), to be the "he" for "she" And to ask yourself if not me, who? If not now, when? Thank you TRANSLATION EMMA WATSON: BÌNH ĐẲNG GIỚI CŨNG LÀ VẤN ĐỀ CỦA BẠN Hơm chúng tơi phát động chiến dịch có tên “ HeForShe .” Tơi liên hệ với bạn tơi cần giúp đỡ bạn. Chúng muốn chấm dứt bất bình đẳng giới—và để làm điều đó, cần người tham gia Đây chiến dịch thuộc loại LHQ: muốn cố gắng khuyến khích nhiều nam giới trẻ em trai tốt để trở thành người ủng hộ bình đẳng giới. Và chúng tơi khơng muốn nói mà cịn đảm bảo hữu hình Tôi bổ nhiệm cách sáu tháng nói nhiều nữ quyền, tơi nhận đấu tranh cho quyền phụ nữ thường đồng nghĩa với việc căm ghét đàn ơng. Nếu có điều tơi biết chắn, điều phải dừng lại Đối với hồ sơ, chủ nghĩa nữ quyền theo định nghĩa là: “Niềm tin đàn ông phụ nữ nên có quyền hội bình đẳng. Đó lý thuyết bình đẳng trị, kinh tế xã hội hai giới.” Tôi bắt đầu đặt câu hỏi giả định dựa giới tính lên tám tuổi, cảm thấy bối rối bị gọi “hách dịch”, tơi muốn đạo kịch mà diễn cho bố mẹ xem — cậu bé khơng Khi 14 tuổi, bắt đầu bị số yếu tố báo chí kích dục 11/18/2022 Khi 15 tuổi, bạn gái bắt đầu bỏ đội thể thao họ họ khơng muốn trơng “cơ bắp” Khi 18 bạn nam bày tỏ cảm xúc Tơi định nhà nữ quyền điều dường không phức tạp tôi. Nhưng nghiên cứu gần cho thấy nữ quyền trở thành từ không phổ biến Rõ ràng nằm số phụ nữ có biểu coi mạnh mẽ, hăng, cô lập, chống lại đàn ông hấp dẫn Tại từ từ khó chịu vậy? Tơi đến từ Vương quốc Anh nghĩ với tư cách phụ nữ, trả lương ngang với đồng nghiệp nam điều đắn. Tôi nghĩ thật đắn tơi đưa định thể mình. Tơi nghĩ việc phụ nữ thay mặt tơi tham gia vào sách q trình định đất nước điều đắn. Tôi nghĩ mặt xã hội, tôn trọng nam giới. Nhưng đáng buồn thay, tơi nói khơng có quốc gia giới mà tất phụ nữ mong đợi nhận quyền Không quốc gia giới nói họ đạt bình đẳng giới Những quyền tơi coi quyền người người may mắn. Cuộc sống đặc ân tuyệt đối bố mẹ tơi khơng u tơi tơi sinh gái. Trường học tơi khơng giới hạn tơi tơi gái. Những người cố vấn không cho xa tơi sinh vào ngày đó. Những người có ảnh hưởng đại sứ bình đẳng giới tạo nên người tơi ngày hơm nay. Có thể họ khơng biết, họ nhà hoạt động nữ quyền vơ tình làm thay đổi giới ngày nay. Và cần nhiều Và bạn ghét từ - khơng phải từ quan trọng mà ý tưởng tham vọng đằng sau nó. Bởi khơng phải tất phụ nữ hưởng quyền tôi. Trong thực tế, theo thống kê, Năm 1995, Hilary Clinton có phát biểu tiếng Bắc Kinh quyền phụ nữ. Đáng buồn thay, nhiều điều muốn thay đổi cịn thực tế ngày 11/18/2022 Nhưng điều bật tơi có 30% khán giả cô nam giới. Làm tác động đến thay đổi giới nửa số mời cảm thấy hoan nghênh tham gia vào trị chuyện? Đàn ơng—Tơi muốn nhân hội để gửi lời mời thức bạn. Bình đẳng giới vấn đề bạn Bởi nay, tơi thấy xã hội coi trọng vai trị làm cha cha tơi tơi cần diện ơng cịn nhỏ nhiều mẹ Tôi chứng kiến niên mắc bệnh tâm thần yêu cầu giúp đỡ sợ điều khiến họ trơng “nam nhi” — thực tế Vương quốc Anh, tự tử kẻ giết người lớn nam giới từ 20-49 tuổi; làm lu mờ tai nạn giao thông, ung thư bệnh tim mạch vành. Tôi chứng kiến người đàn ông trở nên mong manh bất an cảm giác méo mó tạo nên thành cơng nam giới. Đàn ơng khơng có lợi ích bình đẳng Chúng ta khơng hay nói việc đàn ơng bị giam cầm định kiến giới thấy họ họ tự do, thứ thay đổi phụ nữ hệ tự nhiên Nếu đàn ông không cần phải hăng để chấp nhận phụ nữ khơng cảm thấy bắt buộc phải phục tùng. Nếu đàn ơng khơng phải kiểm sốt, phụ nữ khơng bị kiểm sốt Cả đàn ơng phụ nữ nên cảm thấy tự nhạy cảm. Cả đàn ông phụ nữ nên cảm thấy tự để trở nên mạnh mẽ… Đã đến lúc tất nhìn nhận giới tính phạm vi khơng phải hai nhóm lý tưởng đối lập Nếu ngừng định nghĩa bắt đầu xác định thân là—tất tự mục tiêu HeForShe. Đó tự do. Tơi muốn đàn ơng đảm nhận vai trị này. Vì vậy, gái, chị gái mẹ họ khơng bị định kiến để trai họ phép trở nên dễ bị tổn thương người—đòi lại phần người mà họ bỏ rơi làm vậy, trở thành phiên chân thực hoàn thiện họ Bạn nghĩ gái Harry Potter ai? Và làm sân khấu Liên Hợp Quốc. Đó câu hỏi hay tin tơi, tơi tự hỏi điều tương tự. Tơi khơng biết liệu có đủ tư cách để hay khơng. Tất tơi biết quan tâm đến vấn đề này. Và muốn làm cho tốt 11/18/2022 Và sau thấy tơi thấy - trao hội - tơi cảm thấy có trách nhiệm phải nói điều đó. Chính khách người Anh Edmund Burke nói: “Tất cần thiết để lực tà ác chiến thắng có đủ người đàn ơng phụ nữ tốt khơng làm cả.” Trong lúc lo lắng cho phát biểu khoảnh khắc nghi ngờ, tự nhủ cách chắn ai, khơng phải nào. Nếu bạn có nghi ngờ tương tự hội đến với bạn, tơi hy vọng lời hữu ích Bởi thực tế khơng làm 75 năm, gần 100 năm trước phụ nữ mong đợi trả cơng nam giới cho công việc. 15,5 triệu bé gái kết 16 năm tới cịn nhỏ. Và với tốc độ tại, phải đến năm 2086, tất bé gái nông thôn châu Phi học trung học Nếu bạn tin vào bình đẳng, bạn người vơ tình ủng hộ nữ quyền mà tơi đề cập trước Và điều này, tơi hoan nghênh bạn Chúng đấu tranh cho từ đồn kết tin tốt chúng tơi có phong trào đồn kết. Nó gọi HeForShe. Tơi mời bạn bước tới, để nhìn thấy để lên tiếng, để trở thành "anh ấy" cho "cô ấy". Và để tự hỏi tôi, ai? Nếu nào? Cảm ơn bạn Part 2: Interview ‘Numbers’ Topic Do you have a favourite number or a number that is special to you? Yes, my favourite number is because it's the day I was born on, and it's my lucky number Do any numbers have special importance in your country? Yes, certain ages are special For example, your 18th birthday is important because it's when you are considered to become an adult Are you good at remembering numbers? Why / why not? 11/18/2022 No, I'm not very good at remembering numbers I don't think it's necessary to learn them by heart; I just save them on my phone What numbers people often have to memorise? The most important number to remember on a daily basis is the pin number for your bank card Without this you can't pay for anything or get cash out ‘Hometown’ Topics Where are you from? I'm from Manchester, which is a city in the North west of England Do you like your home town? (Why?) Yes, I like living in Manchester because it's where most of my friends live, and because there are plenty of things to there The only thing I don't like is the weather Would you prefer to live somewhere else? (Why?) For the moment I'm happy living here, but at some point I'd like to live in a country with a warmer climate, and I'd like to live near a beach! Do you think your home town is a good place for young people? (Why?) Yes, Manchester has lots of things for young people, such as sports facilities (cơ sở), music and cinemas Part 3: Solo speech: Describing a website Describe a website that you often use You should say: what type of website it is how you found out about it what it allows you to do, and why you find it useful 11/18/2022 Facebook is a social networking website It's a free website that allows you to keep in contact with friends or find people you've lost touch with It's one of the most popular websites in the world, with millions of users in different countries All of my friends use Facebook One of my friends sent me an email inviting me to join I signed up and I've been using it ever since Facebook allows you to keep up to date (cập nhật thường xuyên) with what friends are doing You have a profile page with information and status updates so that you can tell everyone what you're doing You can post messages to other people's pages You can upload photos and videos I find Facebook most useful for organising my life, keeping in touch with friends and storing photos I think social networking websites have become part of everyday life Describing a season Describe your favourite season in your country You should say - when that season is - what the weather is like at that time of year - how that season is different from other seasons - and why it is your favourite season My favourite season in England is winter A typical (đặc trưng) English winter would last around or months between November and March, but when I say that I like the winter, I’m really thinking about the coldest month or two each year During those really wintry (mùa đông) months, the temperature drops below zero and it often snows Over the last few years we’ve had periods of quite heavy snowfall (tuyết rơi), to the extent (mức độ) that roads have been blocked and schools have had to close Last winter I remember looking out of the window one morning and seeing everything covered in a layer of white Obviously (rõ ràng) the snow is what differentiates (phân biệt) winter from the other seasons, but when it doesn’t snow there isn’t much difference between winter, autumn and spring; winter is just a bit colder The reason I’ve chosen winter as my favourite season is because I like the snow I live near the countryside, and the landscape looks beautiful when everything is covered in white We also celebrate Christmas and New Year in the winter, and these are my favourite festivals Part 4: Discussion 11/18/2022 Talking about politeness In your country’s culture, how you show that you are being polite? We really value (đánh giá) politeness and good manners (hành xử tốt) in the UK, and there are many types of polite behaviour One of the first things we learn as children is to say "please" and "thank you" As adults, I think we are careful not to be too direct (thẳng thắng) in the language we use For example, we would never say "Bring me the bill" in a restaurant because this kind of direct instruction would sound rude It would be much more polite to say "Could we have the bill, please?" Are we less polite with members of our families than with people we don’t know? I suppose (giả sử) it's normal to be a bit more relaxed about politeness with family members Most people tend to speak in a more informal way at home; in the UK, we still say "please" and "thanks", but it's fine to use colloquial (thông thường) language and things like nicknames that you would never use with someone you didn't know 11/18/2022