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PowerPoint Presentation TOÅNG HÔÏP HÖÕU CÔ & HOÙA DAÀU GV ÑAØO THÒ KIM THOA Boä moân CNCB Daàu khí, Khoa CNHH, ÑH Baùch Khoa Tp HCM * BAØI 9 HOÙA HOÏC TREÂN CÔ SÔÛ XYLENE The term xylenes refers to a[.]
TỔNG HP HỮU CƠ & HÓA DẦU GV: ĐÀO THỊ KIM THOA Bộ môn CNCB Dầu khí, Khoa CNHH, ĐH Bách Khoa Tp HCM BÀI 9: HÓA HỌC TRÊN CƠ SỞ XYLENE The term xylenes refers to a group of benzene derivatives which encompasses ortho-, meta-, and para- isomers of dimethyl benzene The o-, m- and p- isomers specify to which carbon atoms (of the main benzene ring) the two methyl groups are attached Counting the carbon atoms from one of the ring carbons bonded to a methyl group, and counting towards the second ring carbon bonded to a methyl group, the o- isomer has the IUPAC name of 1,2- dimethylbenzene The m- isomer has the IUPAC name of 1,3dimethylbenzene And p- isomer has the IUPAC name of 1,4- I Giới thiệu: Xylenes: dimethyl benzene Nguồn: reforming xt, cracking P- xylene: quan trọng nhất: tạo terephthalic acid để tổng hợp polyester M – xylene: dùng nhất: lại chiếm tỷ lệ cao hỗn hợp, thường isomer hóa thành p-xylene Hóa học chủ yếu nhóm methyl, phản ứng oxy hóa 65% xylenes dùng để tổn hợp hóa chất Phần lại: làm dung môi hay pha trộn xăng It is a colorless, sweet-smelling liquid that is very flammable It occurs naturally in petroleum and coal tar and is formed during forest fires The chemical properties differ slightly from isomer to isomer The melting point is between −47.87 °C (m-xylene) and 13.26 °C (p-xylene) The boiling point is for each isomer at around 140 °C The density is at around 0.87 kg/L and thus is less dense than water Xylene in air can be smelled at 0.08 to 3.7 parts of xylene per million parts of air (ppm) and can begin to be tasted in water at 0.53 to 1.8 ppm II Hoùa học sở xylenes: Terephthalic acid (HOOC-C6H4 -COOH ) (TPA) Terephthalic acid is one isomer of the three phthalic acids It finds important use as a commodity chemical, principally as a starting compound for the manufacture of polyester (specifically PET), used in clothing and to make plastic bottles It is also known as 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, and it has the chemical formula C6H4(COOH)2 CH3 CH3 CH3 + + O2 COOH 3/2 O2 + CH3-OH CH3 CH3OOC COOH + COO-CH3 HO + HO Dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) CH3OOC COO-CH3 + 2H O COOH COOH + CH3-OH Ứng dụng TPAvà DMT: tổng hợp polyester để sx sợi tổng hợp film Properties It is almost insoluble in water, alcohol and ether; it sublimes rather than melting when heated This insolubility makes it relatively awkward to work with, and up until around 1970 much crude terephthalic acid was converted purification to the dimethyl ester for Phthalic anhydride Phthalic anhydride is the anhydride of phthalic acid It dissolves in alcohol and some other organic solvents Phthalic anhydride is obtained either by catalytic oxidation of ortho-xylene with O2 (oxygen) or naphthalene by catalytic The oxidation biproducts of of the napthalene reaction are carbon dioxide and water It is hydrolyzed by hot water, forming ortho-phthalic acid Phthalic industry anhydride in (rhodamine, the is widely production anthraquinone used of in dyes derivatives), insecticides, plasticizers, in pharmacy, in O CH3 CH3 + O2 C C O + 3H2O Hiện nay, phthalic anhydrideO chủ yếu từ đường oxy hoùa o-xylene Xt: V2O5 + TiO2 /Sb2O3 To : 375 – 435oC P: 0.7 atm Hs: 85% phthalic anhydride Phản ứng pha Ứng dụng: sx chất hoá dẻo, nhựa polyester không no, nhựa alkyd