[...]... gain straight line access to the MB 2 canal.This technique is detailed in later figures FIGURE 2-2 < /b> 7 A, Original view of < /b> canal shapes in a 9-year-old's maxillary first molar Note that the very broad MB "canal" is full of < /b> debris B, Computer-enhanced view of < /b> canal spaces at 9 years Continued 30 Color < /b> Atlas < /b> of < /b> Endodontics < /b> C D FIGURE 2-2 < /b> 7, cont'd C, Computer simulation of < /b> typical calcific metamorphosis... the pulp horns Often a tapered, round-ended diamond bur can be used to blend the pulp horns into the access form This blending should be rechecked before the final restoration because any residual pulpal debris, bacteria, sealer, and guttapercha can contribute to subsequent discoloration Chapter Two FIGURE 2-1 < /b> 7 Endodontic Access 23 Access opening for the maxillary canine B A FIGURE 2-1 < /b> 8 A, Initial... all-porcelain crowns without fracture 16 Color < /b> Atlas < /b> of < /b> Endodontics < /b> structures of < /b> PFM crowns (Figure 2-4 < /b> ) The additional expense of < /b> using one or two new penetrating burs as opposed to numerous regular carbide fissure burs is offset by the time savings and reduced frustration Because of < /b> the difficulty in cutting through many restorative materials, especially nonprecious materials, the clinician is often... not an option should include Mueller burs in their armamentaria Mueller burs are long-shaft, carbide-tipped burs used in a low-speed latch handpiece (Figures 2-5 < /b> and 2-6 < /b> ) They appear similar to Gates Glidden burs, but have a round carbide tip instead of < /b> the noncutting tip of < /b> the Gates Glidden bur The long shaft is useful for working deep in the radicular portion of < /b> the tooth In addition, it displaces... within the canal 20 Color < /b> Atlas < /b> o f Endodontics < /b> FIGURE 2-1 < /b> 2 The operating microscope is an indispensable tool for state -of-< /b> the-art endodontic treatment The specialty practice should not be without a microscope; this instrument is useful in all phases of < /b> endodontic treatment from diagnosis to placement of < /b> the final restoration A B FIGURE 2-1 < /b> 3 A, Removal of < /b> the amalgam permits inspection of < /b> the tooth for... 1-1 < /b> 3 Palpation of < /b> the buccal and lingual soft tissues can detect areas of < /b> sensitivity and swelling, as well as determine the character of < /b> the swelling FIGURE 1-1 < /b> 4 A limited periodontal assessment can be obtained by circumferential periodontal probing of < /b> the area Often an isolated defect can be identified that is not otherwise apparent in the clinical and radiographic assessment quently be detected by... with round carbide burs In contrast, round carbide burs such as the #6 or #8 seem to be more controllable during the removal of < /b> carious dentin Round Diamond Burs New round diamond burs in #4 and #6 sizes work predictably and quickly to cut through both porcelainfused-to-metal (PFM) crowns and the new all-porcelain crowns (Figure 2-2 < /b> ) The clinician should use relatively new diamonds with abundant water... on the lingual portion of < /b> the crown (see Figures 2-3 < /b> 2 and 2-3 < /b> 3) As wear occurs, the access may involve the incisal edge (Figure 2-3 < /b> 4) Mandibular Canines Mandibular Premolars The mandibular canine has a very broad facial-lingual dimension to its root (Figure 2-3 < /b> 2) This root occasion- The broad buccolingual dimension of < /b> the mandibular premolar dictates an access form that is about twice as ... Color < /b> Atlas < /b> o f Endodontics < /b> 8 Because pain of < /b> pulpal origin is not referred beyond the midline, the administration of < /b> local anesthesia can help localize pain to a specific area in cases where patients exhibit referred pain that cannot be localized by the patient or by testing Administration of < /b> a mandibular inferior alveolar nerve block will determine whether the pain is from the maxillary or mandibular... Multipurpose bur, the Endo Z bur, and the Endo access bur C, A surgical length #558 bur compared with a regular #558 bur.The surgical length bur enhances visibility by moving the head of < /b> the handpiece away from the tooth The clinician must exercise care when using extended burs to prevent perforation (A and B from Walton RE, Torabinejad M: Principles and practice of < /b> endodontics,< /b> ed 3, Philadelphia, 2002, WB Saunders.) . University of Iowa College of Dentistry Iowa City, Iowa Debra R. Haselton, DDS Assistant Professor, Department of Family Dentistry The University of Iowa College of Dentistry Iowa City, Iowa David. to be more con- trollable during the removal of carious dentin. Round Diamond Burs New round diamond burs in #4 and #6 sizes work pre- dictably and quickly to cut through both porcelain- fused-to-metal. FACD Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Endodontics The University of Iowa College of Dentistry Iowa City, Iowa; Diplomate, American Board of Endodontics Frederick R. Liewehr, DDS, MS, FICD Director,