NGHIEN cuu - TRAO OOl THtfC PHAM CHUC NANG VCl (SOC KHOE CON NGUOl Cao Van Mqnh p. Hieu trudng Trudng Cao dang Y Thanh Hoa N hufng nam gan day, tren thj trudng xua't hien nhiiu san pha'm ggi la thuc pha'm chUc nang. Nhieu ngudi tieu dung mud'n suf dung san pham nay nham bdi dudng, tang cudng sUc khoe, nhung vin cdn nhieu ban khdan. De giup ngUdi tieu dung, ban dgc cc them thdng tin vi Idai san pham hang hda nay, bai viit xin dugc di cap mdt sd npi dung sau: Thuc pham chuc nang la gi ? Tren The gidi, cd nhiiu khai niem lien quan den van di thuc pha'm chUc nang (TPCN). Nam 1980, Tiin sTY khoa Stephen DeFelice - ngudi sang lap ra "Quy Cai tiin Y hpc" dua ra thuat nguf "Duge pha'm dinh dudng" (Nutraeeuticals) vdi y nghTa la loai thuc pham cd lgi cho sUc khde - y ti bang each bd sung nhufng heat chat hay thanh phan thien nhien dem lai sUc khde hoac tang cudng sUc khce cho Cd the cen ngudi. Nhat Ban la nudc da thUa nhan sU cd mat cua TPCN, cho rang dd la nhufng thUc an cd lgi cho sUc khde ngudi tieu dung de ngan ngUa hay chd'ng lai mdt chCrng benh nae dd, ddng thdi cho phep nha san xua't thuc pham gpi san pham eua minh la "Thuc pha'm sUc khde" (Kenkoshokuhin) va duac xem la mdt san pham thUe an ho trg, Mdt sd nudc Tay Au ggi day la "Thue pham bd sung dinh dudng" (food suplement). Cdn Trung Qud'c ggi la "Thuc pham bd dudng bac ve sUc khoe". Cac loai thuc pha'm nay nam d ranh gidi giufa thUc an va thud'c chua benh. Theo djnh nghTa cua Bd Y te, TPCN (nutraeeuticals, alicaments hay functional foods) la thuc pham dung de ho trg chUc nang cua cac bd phan trdng cd the ngUdi, cc tae dung dinh dUdng, tad chd cd the tinh trang thdai mai, tang sUc di khang va giam bdt nguy cd gay benh. Thub pham chuc nang tren thj trucfng The gidi: TU nam 1930, Nhat Ban da tung ra thi trudng cac san pham TPCN, va den giua thap ky 1980 da trd thanh mgt trdng,nhufng nudc san xua't va tieu thu cac san pham TPCN cao tren thi gidi. Nhat Ban cung da cd qui che vi TPCN dudi ten gpi Thuc pham dac biet cho sUc khde (FOSHU) vao nam 1991, nham lam rd pham tru "chUe nang" cuia thuc pham che biin, ddng thdi ngan chan nan quang cao tran lan, lam sai lech nhan thUc cua ngudi tieu dung. TPCN cung dupe tieu thu nhiiu b Hea Ky va eac nUdc EU (Nam 2003, hdn 90% san lugng TPCN tren thi gidi dupc tieu thu tai Nhat (25%), Hoa Ky (35%) va cac nude EU (32%). Nhung nam gan day, thj trudng TPCN cd budc phat trien dot pha nhd cdng nghe sinh hpc phat triin va cac dac diem thUPng mai toan cau. Ben canh cac nude nhu Hoa Ky, Nhat, EU, thj trudng cua nhufng nude dang phat trien cung bat dau tang, dac biet la Trung Qud'c, Nga va Brazil la cd bieu hien thay ddi rd ret. Ngay nay, ngUdi Nhat chi ehe TPCN la 126 dd la/ngUdi/nam, trdng khi Hda Ky la 67,9 dd la, EU la 51,2 dd la va khdang 3,20 dd la dd'i vdi cac nudc chau A khac. Thuc pham chub nang a Viet Nam: TU lau, cha dng ta da cd nhieu kinh nghiem suf dung thuc pham thee chUe nang. Vf du che do an kieng: Ngudi cd benh dj ufng thi khdng nen an thit ga, ca chep; ngUdi de, ngUdi cam ban diu cd nhung che dd an kieng phu hdp. Nhufng tap quan dd thuc chat la kinh nghiem suf dung thuc pham thee chUc nang. Nhung nam 60 eua thi ky trudc, Khea hgc dinh dudng cung da nghien cCfu va phan leai thuc pha'm thanh eac nhdm thUc an kiim, a xi't 14 KH&CN Thanh Hoa so 3/2009 NGHIEN CUU - TRAO OOl de khuyin nghj cho benh nhan di phdng eac leai benh phat sinh cac loai sdi trong cd the (sdi than, sdi mat); viec khuyin nghj ngUdi dan suf dung mudi an trdn i d't thay che mudi tinh la mdt cudc van dpng Idn vi suf dung thuc pham chUe nang Gan day, van di TPCN dupc quan tam dac biet ke ca tU phia ngudi tieu dung, ngUdi cung cap va nha quan ly, vdi mgt sd dac diem: - Vi quan ly nha nudc, chu yiu mdi chi dCfng d khau cap phep san xua't, luu thdng; cac djnh chi quan ly vi lgi ich cua ngudi tieu dung cdn han chi. - TU phia nha san xua't va cung Cfng: dang cdn mang tinh tu phat, chua cd nhirng tap dean Idn dupc djnh hudng phat trien bPi mdt tu duy khda hgc va cd trach nhiem; cac nha san xua't nude ngeai chiim thj phan chu yiu. - Vi phia ngUdi tieu dung cdn rat mdi me, da so' ngUdi suf dung vi ky vgng vad tae dung dugc quang cao, mgt sd khdng phan biet dupc thudc vdi TPCN. Xu hudng cua thi gidi hien dai va nhufng lo ngai xung quanh van di TPCN: Theo du bao cua nhiiu chuyen gia, thUc an cua con ngudi trong the ky XXI la TPCN. ThUc an khdng chi bao dam du calo, ngon, sach, ma cdn phai chUa cac boat chat sinh hpc tu nhien can cho sUc khoe va sac dep. Nd khdng chi diiu khien dupe cac boat dgng chUe nang cua tCrng bg phan trong ed the, tad che con ngUdi kha nang miin djch cao, chd'ng sU lao boa, tang tudi thg, ma cdn giup con ngudi phdng chd'ng dugc mdt sd benh, ki ca ung thU.Thi gidi hien dai dang cd xu hudng quay ve vdi cac hgp chat thien nhien cd trong dgng vat va cay cd, khai thac kinh nghiem y hgc cd truyin va nin van minh am thuc cua cac dan tdc phUdng Ddng. Cac nudc phat trien cd xu hudng Ua chudng cac TPCN hdn la dung thudc, theo quan diem la "phdng benh hdn chufa benh". Chinh vi vay, cac tap dean san xua't thud'c dang cd xu hudng chuyen sang san xua't TPCN. Theo tinh toan cua cac chuyen gia kinh ti, ngay nay doanh thu hang nam tU eac leai TPCN tren The gidi da vugt ccn so 100 ty USD. Cae nudc trong khu vUc, viec Cfng dung CNSH trong san xua't thud'c va TPCN dang dugc quan tam dac biet. Malaysia da xay dung Vien Cdng nghe sinh hpc Dugc pham nam trong "Thung lung Cdng nghe sinh hge - Bio Valley"; Trung Qud'c xay dung "Thung lung thud'c" Idn nhat thi gidi de san xua't dugc pham va la nUde cd nhiiu thanh cdng trdng viec nang cap cdng nghe y dugc cd truyin thanh cdng nghe cac. Tuy nhien, cung cd nhufng ban khoan vi xu hudng lam dung va nhufng hau qua khdng ludng trude tUTPCN. Met sd nha khoa hpc va td chUc vi mdi trudng (nhu Green Peace - td chUc Hda binh xanh b chau Au) td y Id ngai viec thay ddi Gen di truyin tao ra mpt so gid'ng cay trdng mdi nhu: dau nanh, bap, khoai tay tuy cd sUe de khang sau benh, cho nang suat cao, nhumg lieu cd an toan che ccn ngudi khi tiep nhan thUe an biin ddi Gen hay khdng ? anh hudng len di truyen eua leal ngudi va he sinh thai nhu thi nad ? Day la nhung nghi van ma cac nha san xua't san pham ndng nghiep biin ddi Gen chua giai dap ndi, nhung van dua san pham cua minh ra thj trudng ac at, vdi nhumg nhan hieu de lam ngUdi tieu dung lea mat" nhU: "Ca chua chd'ng ung thuf", "Ngd (bap) giau Vitamin E", hay "Dau nanh cd chat beo khdng bad hda cd dp dinh dudng cao", hoac "Gao giau Vitamin A".,. (Hien nay, b Hoa Ky hdn 70% san pha'm ndng nghiep la san pha'm (Anh minh hoa) (Xem tiep trang 28) KH&CN Thanh Hoa so 3/2009 1 5 KET QUA HOAT DONG KH&CN sdm ung thu dUdng sinh san, dac biet la ung thu CTC ddi vdi phu nCf trong tinh, can thUc hien cac ndi dung: - Tuyen truyen rdng rai de mpi ngUdi dan trong tinh thay dupc vai trd quan trpng trong cdng tac dU phdng dieu tri sdm ung thu dUdng sinh san ndi chung va ung thU CTC ndi rieng ddi vdi sue khoe sinh san cua phu nU, - Cd chi dp kham dinh ky sUc khdi sinh san ddi vdi phu nu thudc lua tudi sinh de. Day la npi dung can dUdc xem nhU la mpt che dp bit budc, ddi hdi khdng chi ddi vdi ngUdi phu nU can phai vupt qua rad can tam ly: ngai din cac cd sd y ti lien quan din sUc khoe sinh sin, ma rat can dupc sU quan tam, ddng vien. chia se cua ccng ddng, dac biet la cua gidi "may rau", - Nha nUdc can cd chfnh sach hd trd ddi vdi hdat ddng tam sdat, chan ddan sdm ung thu CTC chd phu nU trdng tinh, TCmg budc dau tU trang thiit bi va dad tad can bd che he thdng y te huyen de td chUc heat ddng kham va tam scat chan dean sdm ung thu CTC phu nu tren dia ban huyen. vUa tae diiu kien cho ngudi dan, vUa giam tai cho tuyin tinh. THtfC PHAM CHUfC NANG. (Tiep theo trang 15) biin ddi gen. Day la mdt thuc te ma ngay FDA (cd quan quan ly thudc va thuc pham Hda Ky) cung khdng the ngan can, giae phd suchpn lUa chd ngUdi tieu dung bing each bat budc nha cung cap phai ghi rd "san pham bien ddi gen" tren bao bi ddng gdi), Chinh bdi nhung quang ba cUdng dieu tac dung "ngan ngUa tat benh" cua TPCN (chd ring nhCmg chat cd ban cua lUdng thuc nhu dam, dudng, chat bee,., ddng vai trd phu, cdn TPCN trd thanh chu yiu trong van di dinh dudng cua ccn ngudi trdng xa hpi phat trien, du thUa dudng chat), lam nay sinh ra tam ly lam dung heat chat sinh hpc de tang cudng cd bip, hdac duy tri kha nang chju dung trdng hdat dpng the due the thad bang nhung loai thudc "ddpping" nguy hiim, dan tdi hau qua la nhieu trudng hpp bi tLf Vdng do ddt quj, tai biin ddt ngpt nhu chung ta thudng nghe, thay tren cac phUdng tien thdng tin, Lcfi khuyen doi vol ngutri tieu dung: De phat huy dupc nhung mat tfch cUc, tranh nhung nguy cd cd the xay ra dd'i vdi sUc khee cen ngUdi, ngUdi tieu dung can phai than treng trdng lUa chpn TPCN. Thee chung tdi, ba ndi dung sau day can dupc chu y: 1) Thdng tin vi san pham: Mpt trdng cac ndi dung bit budc phai ghi tren nhan hang hoa theo quy dinh cua Nha nudc ma ngUdi tieu dung can luu y la: Ten va dia chi cua tc chuc, ca nhan chiu trach nhiem ve hang hea, boat chat chfnh, han sCf dung va cau: "sin pham la thuc pham chUc nang, khdng phai thudc". 2) PhUdng thUc ban va ngUdi ban: Hien nay nhieu sin pham TPCN dupc ban thee kieu da cap - ngudi ban khdng chuyen nghiep, chuyin tay nhau,,, va cd gia rat cac - nhieu Idai trdng sd nay cd van di vi gia ca va thudng cd khuynh hUdng khuyin khi'ch ngudi dung lam dung (dung ked dai, benh gi cung khdi,,,), Vi vay, chi nen mua d nhung nha phan phdi chinh thUc, hieu thudc hoac cufa hang cd trach nhiem, kem theo phiiu xuat, de cd vin di gi cdn tien cho nha quan ly can thiep, 3) Nha san xuat va mUc dp suf dung: Vdi nhung nha sin xuat cd uy tin, thUdng hieu Idn va san pham da dupe sCf dung lau dai tren thi trudng, nhiiu ngudi suf dung - tUe la da dupc thuc ti kiim chCmg - dp tin cay thUdng cac hdn : Thed giad su, tiin sy khda hpc LUu Duan - Trudng dai hpc Cdng nghe Sai Gdn, cd ba ldi khuyen "khdng nen" trong viec suf dung TPCN, dd la: Khdng tham lam: khdng nen suf dung qua muc hay lam dung: Dung ngp nhan: phii hieu biit tUdng tan, khdng hieu sai vi tinh nang va hieu qua cua TPCN: Chd ci tin: tUc la lam theo ldi ngudi khac ndi mpt each thiiu than trpng, thiiu khach quan, khdng phu hdp vdi minh. 28 KH&CN Thanh Hoa so 3/2009