[...]... (1991) and of Chaucer and the Norse and Celtic Worlds (forthcoming), and has published translations of Droplaug´ arsona saga and Kormaks saga as well as articles on early Scandinavian kingship, medieval and modern Icelandic literature, and Hiberno-Norse literary relations ´ ´ ´ Vesteinn Olason is a professor at the University of Iceland and director of the Arni ´ ´ Magnusson Institute in Reykjavık Author... between Iceland and other countries and cultures, in mainland Scandinavia and elsewhere, from the Viking Age onwards As for the literature and culture pairing, the emphasis of this volume is, for good reasons, primarily literary – partly because of the nature of the series in which it appears, and partly because it is in medieval Icelandic literature that Old Norse-Icelandic culture is seen at its most... sea away from the next inhabited place is no easy task, and if the earliest English settlements in Virginia and New England are anything to go by, it will have involved tremendous hardships and major loss of life – and in Iceland there were no Indians to take pity on the initial settlers Life must have been very hard during the initial phases of reconnaissance and landscape learning, and as in the case... pagan burials, at least Archaeology 11 three early Christian chapels with cemeteries, at least 18 long-houses with associated pit-houses, ancillary structures, middens and artefact collections as well as an increasing number of animal bone collections and a substantial environmental record From the Faeroes there are few unambiguous pagan burials but several Viking-Age longhouses and substantial artefact... texts from Denmark and Sweden The vernacular literature of Norway and Iceland – the eddas, the skaldic poetry, all the different types of sagas, as well as laws, chronicles, annals and works of science and theology – is what most people think of when they hear talk of things Old Norse, and it is with this vernacular literary production of Norway and Iceland that this Companion mainly deals 8 ´ Orri... regular use among archaeologists and it does not have a clearly defined meaning in archaeological discussion On the other hand, archaeologists happily use the no less ill-defined term ‘Viking’ of anything Scandinavian during the Viking Age, but after its close things archaeological become ‘medieval’ all over Scandinavia and no archaeological distinctions have been made that match either the temporal... regular assemblies at neutral locations as a means of consolidating their own powers and gaining regional supremacy It follows from this that Maurer’s model cannot be accepted as a realistic depiction of an actual system The constitu´ ´ tional arrangements described in Gragas – the laws of Commonwealth Iceland – must rather be seen as a thirteenth-century rationalization, a lawyer’s attempt to make... supposed to know it, did the preliminary editing of at least two of the other chapters, at the request of their authors) Thanks are also due to Jeffrey Cosser for translating chapters 14 and 20, and large parts of chapter 6; and to Andrew Wawn for undertaking, at the author’s request, the preliminary editing of chapter 16 For help and advice of various kinds, and also for encouragement, I am grateful to Margaret... Icelandic literature needs no special explanation, but it should be noted that the ‘Language’ chapter in the present volume is of particular value in discussing the Icelandic language largely in terms of its North Germanic, that is, Scandinavian, family connections The chapters on manuscripts and palaeography, orality and literacy, and runes illustrate in different ways the interrelationship of literature. .. The Traditional Ballads of Iceland (1982) and of Dialogues with the Viking Age (transl Andrew Wawn) (1998), he is a co-editor and co´ ´ author of Islensk bokmenntasaga I–II (1992–3) His numerous publications in the fields of Icelandic literature and folklore include editions of sagas and ballads Peter Orton is senior lecturer in the School of English and Drama at Queen Mary, University of London Among . (forthcoming), and has published translations of Droplaug- arsona saga and Korma ´ ks saga as well as articles on early Scandinavian kingship, medieval and modern Icelandic literature, and Hiberno-Norse. Milton to Blake Edited by David Womersley 8 A Companion to English Renaissance Literature Edited by Michael Hattaway and Culture 9 A Companion to Milton Edited by Thomas N. Corns 10 A Companion. Richard Dutton and Jean E. Howard 21 A Companion to the Regional Literatures of America Edited by Charles L. Crow 22 A Companion to Rhetoric and Rhetorical Criticism Edited by Walter Jost and