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The place-names of Dong Anh = Địa danh Đông Anh
1 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCE NGUYEN THI SUOI LINH THE PLACE – NAMES OF DONG ANH MASTER THESIS ON VIETNAMESE STUDIES Code: 60 31 60 THE SUMMARY OF MASTER THESIS Major: VIETNAMESE STUDIES HANOI - 2012 2 The thesis was completed at Institute of Vietnamese study and development science Surpervisor : Associate Professor Nguyen Thi Viet Thanh Reviever 1: …………………………………………………………………… Reviever 2: ……………………………………………………………………. The thesis was protected at the scoring master thesis council At, You can read it at: Library and information Center Vietnam Nation University, Hanoi 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTROUDUCTION Error! Bookmark not defined. 1. Reason for choosing the theme Error! Bookmark not defined. 2. Purpose of research Error! Bookmark not defined. 3. Research tasks Error! Bookmark not defined. 4. Object and scope of research Error! Bookmark not defined. 5. History of reseach……… ………………………………………………………9 6. Research method……… ……………………………………………………………12 7. Contributions of the thesis Error! Bookmark not defined. 8. Thesis composition Error! Bookmark not defined. CHAPTER 1: GENERAL ISSUES OF PLACE-NAME ANDError! Bookmark not defined. THE PLACE –NAMES OF DONG ANH Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.1. General theories of place-name Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.1.1. Concept Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.1.2. Some features about place-name identification Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.1.3. Place-name classification Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2. Overview of research area Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.3. Principles of surveying, classifying the place-names of Dong anh Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.3.1. Principle of surveying Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.3.2. Principles of classifying the place-names of Dong AnhError! Bookmark not defined. 1.4. General picture of the place-names of Dong AnhError! Bookmark not defined. CHAPTER 2: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PLACE-NAMES OF DONG ANH DISTRICT Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.1. Characteristic of language origin Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.1.1. Place-names with pure Vietnamese origin Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.1.2. Group of Sino-Vietnamese origin place-names Error! Bookmark not defined. 4 2.1.3. Group of foreign language origin place-names Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.1.5. Group of number place-names Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.1.6. Group of undefined origin place-names Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2. Composition characteristics of place-names of Dong AnhError! Bookmark not defined. 2.1.1. Overview of place-name complex Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.2. Place-name complex model of ng Anh Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3. Meaning characteristic of place-names of Dong Anh Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3.1. General Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3.2. Identification methods of place-names of Dong Anh Error! Bookmark not defined. CHAPTER 3: PLACE NAMES IN DONG ANH IN RELATIONSHIP WITH HISTORY AND CULTURE Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1. Place – name – key for explaining the historical and cultural issues Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2. Historical hallmark in Dong Anh place-names . Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.1. Dong Anh - an ancient land region Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.2.The place–names of Dong Anh are is evidence of historical ages Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.3. Process of changing Dong Anh place-names reflecting the step of history . Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.4. Place-names carrying name of person or name of historical event, historical place-name Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.3. Cultural features of Dong Anh place-name Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.3.1. Cultural-geological issue Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.3.2. Aspects of cultural life presented through place-nameError! Bookmark not defined. CONCLUSION Error! Bookmark not defined. REFERENCES Error! Bookmark not defined. APPENDIX Error! Bookmark not defined. 5 INTROUDUCTION 1. Reason for choosing the theme 1.1. According to the common way of understanding, the place-name is the name of natural topography, construction works, administrative units, territories, object of concern of many fields of science such as history, geography, ethnology, cultural studies 1.2. Learning about the place-name is the topic segment that is concerned by many researchers, not only linguists. The place-name is not only the name of a specific object but also the historical, cultural sediments, factors belonging to the lifestyle, customs and habits of each region, smaller it is each district, each commune, even each hamlet, each village. The formation, development, existence or change and loss in which a place-name often attaches to a cultural reason or certain historical event. Therefore, the research on place-name not only has linguistic significance but also brings about abundant data sources with reliable scientific foundation to many other branches of science. 1.3. Dong Anh is a suburb district in the northeast of Hanoi city. The whole district has an area, including 1 townlet and 23 communes. The inhabitants here are relatively homogeneous about the ethnic component. It may be said that, the villages and communes in Dong Anh are quite typical for the traditional village and commune model of the Vietnamese in the Northern part about the organizational structure, production mode, social institution as well as many other aspects of the material and spiritual cultural life, including language. This is also the ancient land region with age- old history, famous with Co Loa relic area and related cultural micro-systems. The general research 6 of Dong Anh place-name will bring about the scientific values of language, history, culture in the locality in particular and of Hanoi in general. 1.4. With desire to learn about relatively completely and systematically the place-names in Dong Anh district according to the interdisciplinary research method to show their characteristics, formation model, development, transformation law as well as crystallized historical, cultural values after each name of village, commune, pagoda, mountain and river, road, market …we have chosen the theme “The place – names of Dong Anh” for our doctorial thesis. 2. Purpose of research - Research the pace-name in Dong Anh in the aspects: composition characteristics, identification method, semantic characteristics, original characteristics and transformation of place- name. - Clarify the relationship between place-name and related fields such as: history, geography, ethnicity, culture, popular legend - Through the relationship between place-name and related non-language factors, the thesis aims to discover, affirm the historical and cultural values on Dong Anh land. 3. Research tasks The thesis performs the following tasks: - Study the theoretical issues of place-name related to the research process. - Countryside, survey the reality of place-name system in Dong Anh. - Statistics, describe and analyze the data to draw the comments on composition, identification method, language origin and meaning of factors that constitute Dong Anh place- name. - From the place-name linguistic data source, decode the issues of geography, history, culture. 4. Object and scope of research 4.1. Object of research - The object of research of the thesis is the natural and human, administrative and non- administrative place-names in Dong Anh district, including the names that are in use at present or existed in the past. 4.2. Scope of study - The scope of research of the thesis is the place-name in the whole district, including 23 communes and 1 townlet. However, because the number of place-names is too large, we only research over 1288 place-names collected by the thesis. 5. History of research issue As a real science subject, Vietnamese toponymy was formed and developed for a short time (about in the middle of the 20 th century). In the world, the toponymy has a longer history attaching with the name of the first toponymists such as J.J. Eghi, J.W.Nagl at the end of the 19th century … 7 However, the notes of geographical, historical place-name in both Orient and in the West appeared from very soon. - In China, at the beginning of Eastern Han Dynasty, Ban Co documented more than 4,000 place-names. By the time Northern Wei, Lich Dao Nguyen wrote “Thuy kinh chu so”, in which noted more than three thousand place-names. - At the end of the 19th century, in the West, the toponymy subject was officially appeared. In 1872, J.J. Eghi (Switzerland) wrote Toponymy and in 1903, J.W.Nagl (Austrian) also made the work Toponymy. In the 20th century, flourished the researches on place-name attaching to the great names from many countries. J.Gillénon (1854 - 1926) wrote Atlat French language, research the place-name in the direction of geography development. A.Dauzat wrote Origin and development of place-name propose the geographical methods to study the chronology of the place-names. Leading and reaching many achievements in building theoretical system is the Soviet toponymists with some typical works such as E.M.Murzaev with The tendencies of researching place-names, I.U.A.Kapenko Discussing contemporary place-names, A.V.Nhikonov with General of place-names (1965); G.P.Xmolixkaja and M.V. Gorbanhexki with Moscow place-names etc The person who is considered to have most contributions to the toponymy research science is A.V. Supenranxkaja with 2 great works named Principles of toponymy and What is toponymyịa. In which, including the work What is toponymy has great value in the development of toponymy branch. b. Situation of place-name research in Vietnam The chronicle works, history of literature, geography books appearing a lot of centuries ago may be considered as the first toponymy works in our country. We may tell the name of typical works in this genre such as: Vietnamese historical summary, Vietnam Records of the Historian (Ngo Si Lien), General history summary of Vietnam, An Nam miscellaneous literary works, Geography book (Nguyen Trai), Lich trieu hien chuong loai chi (Phan Huy Chu)…. From the middle of the 20th century, some works researched place-names in the angle of language or place-name approach in interdisciplinary science type, bring the Toponymy of Vietnam into a real science subject. Starting from the years of 70th decade – previous century, the issues of place- name research and theory of toponymy were taken true interest. We may quote the typical works as follows: - “Relation of ancient language in Southeast Asia through some names of river” (1967) by Hoang Thi Chau. - “Changes in administrative geography in the French domination period” (1972) by Vu Van Tinh - “Method of applying toponymy in research of geography, ancient history of Vietnam” (1984) by Dinh Van Nhat - “Test discussion about Vietnam place-names” (1976) by Tran Thanh Tam 8 The research of modern toponymy must mention to Le Trung Hoa, author of the successful research work on place-names of Ho Chi Minh city and a series of other valuable researches around the field of Toponymy. In addition, it is necessary to mention to the contribution of Nguyen Kien Truong with MA thesis in Survey place-names in Hai Phong city; Tu Thu Mai with thesis “Research place-names in Quang Tri”; Tran Van Dung researched “Place-names in Dac Lac”; Phan Xuan Dam with thesis “Survey place-names in Nghe An” and many thesises, themes of place- names in other localities. c. Issue of place-name research in Hanoi and Dong Anh district - In the important historical documentations such as, Vietnam Records of the Historian (Ngo Si Lien), General history summary of Vietnam, An Nam miscellaneous literary works, Geography book (Nguyen Trai), place-names of Co Loa, Uy No, Duc Tu, Kim Hoa, Dong Do… are mentioned attaching to the important historical events and as a unit directly under Dong Ngan district, in consideration of administrative aspect. - Dong Anh village community was mentioned in the famous books “Name of Vietnam village community in the 19 th century”, “Thang Long – Hanoi competition-examinations villages” - The history of formation, transformation of the administrative place-names and name of Dong Anh village community was also introduced in the books “Dong Khanh geography book” (complied at Dong Khanh reign -1886), “Bac Ninh geography book” by Do Trong Vi, “Bac Ninh tinh chi” by Trinh Nhu Tau, “Kinh Bac administrative geography” by Nguyen Van Huyen, “Vietnamese country through the dynasties” by Dao Duy Anh and recently the meticulous research work on change process of place-names and administrative border of districts, communes of Bac Ninh province through the historical periods of author Nguyen Quang Khai. - During the thesis implementation, the implementer approached to many typical research works attaching to land and people of Dong Anh, in which, the place-names in this land are considered as the historical evidence or itself is the object of research: Book “On the land of historical Co Loa” by late Professor Tran Quoc Vuong, Dong Anh with 1000 years of Thang Long – Hanoi published by the District Party Committee– People’s Council – People’s Committee of Dong Anh district, Prof.Dr. Bui Xuan Dinh chief editor, Co Loa monography Nguyen Quang Ngoc and Assoc.Prof.Dr. Vu Van Quan - The research on Dong Anh place-names can not but mention to the work Meaning and origin issue of Co Loa place-name discussed by many researchers in the works and articles: “Vietnamese country over dynasties” (Dao Duy Anh), “On the land of historical Co Loa” (Tran Quoc Vuong), “ Co Loa geography book” (Nguyen Quang Ngoc, Vu Van Quan), “Study about the origin and meaning of Co Loa place-name” (Tran Tri Doi, Nguyen Thi Hong Hanh)… - The place-name in Dong Anh also contributes to proving the presence, prosperity and decadence of Royal Dynasty Li on Hoa Lam mother’s village of King Li Cong Uan. The development of scientists such as Assoc.Prof.Dr. Trinh Binh Dy, Asso.Prof.Dsc. Tran Ba Chi, 9 Prof.Dr. Nguyen Quang Ngoc, Assoc.Prof.Dr. Lam Thi Mi Dung on the sources of bibliographies, archeological documentations and place-names contribute to clarifying such significant historical secrets. In addition to the above-mentioned research works, the place-name in Dong Anh is also mentioned in the folk legends, local researches and a lot of articles, thesis, themes about Co Loa Festival, Den Sai Festival, Choosing Son-in-law Festival, Duong Yen village, singing Ca tru in Lo Khe, Puppetry Lo Khe, puppetry Dao Thuc… In such researches, Dong Anh place-names xists with all its vitalities and souls, when being associated with legend, customs, festivals … However, most preceding researches only took interest in Loa Thanh, Mai Lam and neighboring cultural regions, in which, the place-name is only told name as historical evidences that are rarely considered as direct object of research. The picture of Dong Anh place-names with 23 wide communes and townlet is only described generally and most are acknowledged in the angle of administrative unit. The research on Dong Anh place-names n the interdisciplinary direction, attach special importance to the characteristics of language – history – culture is the direction chosen by us with desire to discover and affirm more specific characteristics of this land, seeing from the angle of place-name system 6. Research method: Generally apply the methods of collection, fieldwork, description method, interdisciplinary research method of language – history – culture, analytical method, summary, generalization. 7. Contributions of the thesis Implementing this theme, we desire to achieve the research results with scientific and practical values, including the basic contributions: - Point out and prove the characteristics and development law of place-name language according to the particular research methods of linguistics. - Put forth a accurate, scientific and full system of place-names in Dong Anh in the organic close relation with local history and culture. - Being an important research segment in the scientific project about overview of natural, historical, cultural, social characteristics of Dong Anh district implemented by Dong Anh district People’s Committee in coordination with the Institute of Vietnamese studies and Development science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi. 8. Thesis composition In addition to Introduction and Conclusion, the thesis includes 4 chapters: Chapter 1: Theoretical and practical foundation of the thesis Chapter 2: Characteristics of Dong Anh place-names Chapter 3: The place – names of Dong Anh in the relationship with history and culture 10 CHAPTER 1: GENERAL ISSUES OF PLACE-NAME AND DONG ANH PLACE-NAMES 1.1. General theories of place-name and toponymy 1.1.1. Place-name 1.1.1.1. Concept The place-name term has origin from an ancient Greek Toponima or Topoma, Vietnamese meaning “place name”, “name of geographical name”. The place-name not only brings meaning “land name” as pure way of understanding. The place-name includes the name of all geographical objects belonging to nature (mound, hill, river, stream …), residence units (village, hamlet, province, city …), construction works existing on a defined geographic space (temple, pagoda, market, street …) The set of place-names forms a layer of special terms in the vocabulary system of one language. Summarize the opinions of many previous researchers, we set the concept of place-name as follows: The place-name is the fixed words or terms, used as name of natural topography, construction works, administrative units, territories with the position defined on the earth surface 1.1.1.2. Some features about place-name identification 1.1.1.3. Place-name classification [...]... Toponymy and aspects of place-name research 1.2 Overview of research area 1.3 Principles of surveying, classifying Dong Anh place-names 1.3.1 Principle of surveying 1.3.2 Principle of classifying Dong Anh place-names 1.4 General picture of Dong Anh place-names Sub-conclusion: As a theoretical and practical foundation of the thesis, through chapter 1, we presented the theoretical issues of place-name and... affirm the validity of place-names in discovering the specific characteristics of culture and history on the land on which they exist From the place-names having historical nature, we consider that: 1- Đông Anh is an ancient land region, 2- Place-name in Đông Anh is the evidence of historical upheavals, 3- The name change of Place-name in Đông Anh reflects clearly the step of each age attaching to the. .. expresses the diversified language thought of the human and it is the premise for us to research the issues set in the next chapter 18 CHAPTER 3: THE PLACE – NAMES OF DONG ANH IN THE RELATIONSHIP WITH HISTORY AND CULTURE 3.1 Place-name - key for explaining the historical and cultural issues 3.2 Historical hallmark in the place – names of Đông Anh 3.2.1 Đông Anh - an ancient land region 3.2.1.1 System of ancient... evidence for the presence of Li dynasty on Mai Lam land, vestige of mother’s village of Li Thai To king and highly destructive Hoa Lam Vien case in the history 3.2.2.3 Revolutionary war period in the 20th century 3.2.3 Process of changing the place – names of Dong Anh reflecting the step of history - Changing names of administrative unit reflects the change of management aspect - Changing name of place-names. .. to the other group of Dong Anh place-name, in the comparison with the other localities of the whole country, it has a remarkable quantity The reason is that Dong Anh is a suburb district of Hanoi capital where there are large industrial zones (especially along North Thang Long - Noi Bai Highway), with the high cultural exchange and rapid urbanization speed The group of mixed place-name makes up the. .. Those general characteristics will be clarified in chapters 2, 3, 4 of this thesis 11 CHAPTER 2: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PLACE-NAMES OF DONG ANH 2.1 Origin characteristic Table 2.1: Classification result of Dong Anh place-names according to the language origin criteria Number of place-names according to the language origin No Type of placename Pure Sino VietnamVietnam Foreign language Total Mixture... reflects the change of thought 3.2.4 Place-names carrying name of person or name of historical event, historical place-names 3.3 Cultural features of Dong Anh place-names 3.3.1 Cultural-geological issue 3.3.1.1 Landscape picture looking from indication word system 239 place-names shows small land areas, in which there are 218 fields, the remaining is the yard area showing clearly the delta property of Dong. .. Besides, Dong Anh is also the Northern gate of Hanoi where receives new cultural sources of a integration industry period on all aspects of the material life 3.3.2.2 Spiritual life a Reflection of belief life It can be seen that diversified belief life of Dong Anh people is shown through the quantity of place-names under the construction works group attaching to spiritual life In many natural and manmade place-names, ... language origin Among them, the group of pure Vietnamese place-name has the largest number because this is age-old residence region of the Vietnamese The group of Sino-Vietnamese place-name also makes up a relatively high rate and mainly fall into the administrative place-names of district, hamlet, commune; name of state head offices, name of words of the spiritual works…Although the foreign language... of this system 5 Applying the way of classifying place-names under 2 main criteria: administrative/ nonadministrative and natural/ non-natural on 1288 collected place-names, the thesis pointed out the general features of the social life picture and cultural history of Đông Anh district Being administrative, economic and cultural center of the country, Đông Anh administrative place-names are regularly . Principles of classifying the place-names of Dong AnhError! Bookmark not defined. 1.4. General picture of the place-names of Dong AnhError! Bookmark not defined. CHAPTER 2: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PLACE-NAMES. to the other group of Dong Anh place-name, in the comparison with the other localities of the whole country, it has a remarkable quantity. The reason is that Dong Anh is a suburb district of. chapters: Chapter 1: Theoretical and practical foundation of the thesis Chapter 2: Characteristics of Dong Anh place-names Chapter 3: The place – names of Dong Anh in the relationship with