[...]... increasing diversification of the ATCC and the acquisition of more cultures taxed the space, so a series of moves to larger and larger sites occurred Finally, in 19 98, the organization moved to the state -of- theart facility it continues to occupy 1: 06 PM Page 13 WORLD OF MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY The present facility is 10 6,000 square feet in size and has almost 35,000 square feet of laboratory space,... Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, from 19 53 to 19 67 In 19 68 he moved to the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of California at Berkeley as a full professor He was Chairman of the Department from 19 84 to 19 89 In addition he became Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Science at the University in 19 79 In the 19 60s and early 19 70s Ames... Lilly Award of the American Chemical Society (19 64), the Mott Prize of the General Motors Cancer Research Foundation (19 83), and the Gold Medal of the American Institute of Chemists (19 91) He is the author or coauthor of more than 250 scientific articles See also Chemical mutagenesis; Molecular biology and molecular genetics 14 WORLD OF MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY • 5/6/03 • womi_A AMINO Amino acid... cell-mediated immunity This type of immunity does not prevent infection, but rather clears the virus-infected cells out of the body Such a vaccine would be intended to prolong and enhance the quality of the lives of AIDS-infected people Studies in monkeys have been encouraging However, studies must still rule out the possibil- • 5/6/03 • womi_A 9 1: 06 PM Page 10 Alexander, Hattie Elizabeth WORLD OF MICROBIOLOGY. .. which is also known as the ATCC, is a not-for-profit bioscience organization that maintains the world s largest and most diverse collection of microbiological life Many laboratories and institutions maintain their own stockpile of microorganisms, usually those that are in frequent use in the facility Some large cul12 • 5/6/03 • womi_A WORLD OF MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY Technician at The American Type... M.D in 19 30 Alexander assumed a residency at New York City Babies Hospital in 19 30 She remained there for the remainder of her career, attaining the rank of Professor in 19 57 Alexander pioneered studies of the antibiotic resistance and susceptibility of Hemophilus influenzae In 19 39 she successfully utilized an anti-pneumonia serum that had been developed at Rockefeller University to cure infants of influenzal... Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Propionibacterium, and Lactobacillus Grampositive bacteria that are spherical in shape includes the gen- 1: 06 PM Page 17 WORLD OF MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY era Peptostreptococcus, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus Rod-shaped bacteria that stain Gram-negative include Bacteroides, Campylobacter, and Fusobacterium Finally, Gram-negative spherical bacteria are represented by... However, at least 10 0 people die annually in the United States from anaphylactic shock See also Allergies; Immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin deficiency syndromes • 5/6/03 • womi_A 17 1: 06 PM Page 18 Animal models of infection • 5/6/03 WORLD OF MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY Drawing depicting Louis Pasteur (right) using an animal model ANIMAL Animal models of infection MODELS OF INFECTION The use of various... be used alone or in combination with nucleosides The combination of drugs 1: 06 PM Page 9 WORLD OF MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY brings about a greater increase of antibodies and a greater decrease of fulminant HIV than either type of drug alone Although patients improve on a regimen of mixed drugs, they are not cured due to the persistence of inactive virus left in the body Researchers are looking for... that are critical enzyme in the making of new virus (protease and reverse transcriptase) HAART has greatly reduced the loss of life due to AIDS But, this benefit has come at the expense of side effects that can often be severe Also, the treatment is expensive But now, research published toward the end of 20 01 indicates that the use of HAART in a “7-day-on, 7-day-off” cycle does not diminish treatment . alt="" WORLD of MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY WOMI1.tpgs 5/8/03 6: 01 PM Page 1 WORLD of MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY Brigham Narins, Editor V olume 1 A-L WOMI1.tpgs 5/8/03 6: 01 PM Page 3 World of Microbiology. CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA World of microbiology and immunology / K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, editors. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7 87 6-6 540 -1 (set. (set : alk. paper)— ISBN 0-7 87 6-6 5 4 1- X (v. 1 : alk. paper)— ISBN 0-7 87 6-6 54 2-8 (v. 2 : alk. paper) 1. Microbiology Encyclopedias. 2. Immunology Encyclopedias. [DNLM: 1. Allergy and Immunology Encyclopedias—English.