Oracle Database 10g: Administration Workshop II Student Guide D17092GC10 Edition 1.0 March 2004 Applied ® Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. This documentation contains proprietary information of Oracle Corporation. It is provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and is also protected by copyright law. Reverse engineering of the software is prohibited. If this documentation is delivered to a U.S. Government Agency of the Department of Defense, then it is delivered with Restricted Rights and the following legend is applicable: Restricted Rights Legend Use, duplication or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions for commercial computer software and shall be deemed to be Restricted Rights software under Federal law, as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of DFARS 252.227-7013, Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software (October 1988). 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Authors Janet Stern James Womack Technical Contributors and Reviewers Christine Jeal Joel Goodman Dairy Chan Martin Jensen Donna Keesling Roman Niehoff Srinivas Putrevu Wolfgang Krueger Dr. Sabine Teuber Gerlinde Frenzen John Watson Lothar Auert Andreas Reinhardt Editor Atanu Raychaudhuri Publisher Jobi Varghese 1 Introduction Course Objectives 1-2 How DBAs Spend Their Time 1-3 Oracle Database 10g Manageability Goals 1-4 Database Management Challenges 1-5 Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database 1-6 How Oracle Database 10g DBAs Spend Their Time 1-7 Student Preface 1-8 2 Using Globalization Support Objectives 2-2 Globalization Support Features 2-3 Encoding Schemes 2-4 Database Character Sets and National Character Sets 2-7 Datetimes with Timezones 2-9 Configuring the Database Local Timezone 2-10 Configuring Datetime Formats 2-11 Using Timezones 2-12 Specifying Language-Dependent Behavior 2-13 Specifying Language-Dependent Behavior for the Server 2-14 Language and Territory Dependent Parameters 2-15 Other NLS Server Parameters 2-17 Specifying Language-Dependent Behavior for the Session 2-18 Locale Variants 2-21 Using NLS Parameters in SQL Functions 2-22 Linguistic Sorting 2-25 Using Linguistic Sorting 2-27 Sorts That Are Not Case or Accent Sensitive 2-29 Linguistic Comparisons 2-30 Linguistic Index Support 2-31 Customizing Linguistic Sorting 2-32 Oracle Locale Builder 2-33 Character Set Scanner Utilities 2-34 Data Conversion Between Client and Server Character Sets 2-36 NLS Data Conversion with Oracle Utilities 2-37 NLS Data Conversion with Data Pump 2-39 Obtaining Character Set Information 2-40 Obtaining NLS Parameter Information 2-41 Obtaining NLS Settings Information 2-42 Summary 2-43 Practice 2 Overview: Using Globalization Support Features 2-44 Contents 3 Controlling Access to the Oracle Listener Objectives 3-2 Listener Password Authentication 3-3 Setting Listener Password 3-4 Setting Listener Password with Net Manager 3-5 Set Password with lsnrctl Utility 3-6 Controlling Database Access 3-7 Oracle Net Services External Procedures 3-8 Overview of the EXTPROC Agent 3-9 PL/SQL Calling a C External Procedure 3-10 Default Configuration for External Procedure Calls 3-11 Modifying the Configuration for External Procedure Calls 3-13 Remove Default EXTPROC Entry 3-14 Configure a Dedicated Listener for External Procedure Calls 3-16 Summary 3-20 Practice 3 Overview: Controlling Access to the Listener 3-21 4 Enabling Distributed Transactions Objectives 4-2 Oracle Net Services Review 4-3 Connecting to an Oracle Database 4-4 Client Application Connectivity to the Oracle Server 4-5 Server-Server Connectivity 4-6 Types of Database Links 4-7 Creating Database Links 4-8 Dropping Links 4-10 Data Dictionary Views 4-11 Remote Query 4-12 Executing a Remote Query 4-13 Distributed Query 4-14 Executing a Distributed Query 4-15 Distributed and Remote Transactions 4-16 In-Doubt Transactions 4-17 Summary 4-19 5 Configuring Recovery Manager Objectives 5-2 Recovery Manager Features 5-3 Recovery Manager Components 5-5 Media Management 5-7 Using a Flash Recovery Area with RMAN 5-9 Setting Parameters for RMAN 5-10 RMAN Usage Considerations 5-12 Connection Types with RMAN 5-13 Starting RMAN 5-14 ii Additional RMAN Command Line Arguments 5-15 Configuring Persistent Settings for RMAN 5-16 Configuring RMAN Settings Using EM 5-17 Managing Persistent Settings 5-18 Channel Allocation 5-19 Automatic and Manual Channel Allocation 5-20 Channel Control Options 5-21 Summary 5-23 Practice 5 Overview: Configuring RMAN 5-24 6 Using Recovery Manager Objectives 6-2 Issuing Recovery Manager Commands 6-3 RMAN Command Overview 6-5 RMAN Commands 6-6 Job Command: Example 6-7 The BACKUP Command 6-8 Backup Constraints 6-9 Parallelization of Backup Sets 6-10 Compressed Backups 6-12 Image Copy 6-13 Tags for Backups and Image Copies 6-15 BACKUP Options 6-16 Backing Up Archived Redo Logs 6-18 Copying the Whole Database 6-19 Making Incremental Backups 6-20 Incremental Backup: Example 6-22 Block Change Tracking 6-23 Enabling Block Change Tracking 6-24 Incrementally Updating Backups 6-25 LIST Command Operations 6-26 The REPORT Command 6-27 The REPORT NEED BACKUP Command 6-28 REPORT NEED BACKUP: Examples 6-29 REPORT OBSOLETE and DELETE OBSOLETE 6-30 Managing Backups with EM 6-31 RMAN Dynamic Views 6-32 Monitoring RMAN Backups 6-34 Summary 6-36 Practice 6 Overview: Using RMAN 6-37 iii 7 Diagnostic Sources Objectives 7-2 Diagnostic Files 7-3 The Alert Log 7-4 What Is in the alert.log File 7-5 Viewing Recent Alert Log Entries 7-6 Alert Models Architecture 7-7 Server-Generated Alert Types 7-8 Viewing Alerts with Enterprise Manager 7-9 Alerts Notification 7-11 Alert Log Monitoring Configuration 7-12 Editing Thresholds 7-13 Viewing Initialization Parameters 7-14 Trace Files 7-15 Specifying the Location of Trace Files 7-16 Controlling Trace File Size 7-17 Controlling Trace File Writes 7-18 Using Enterprise Manager to Enable and View SQL Tracing 7-19 System Log Files 7-20 Summary 7-21 Practice 7 Overview: Diagnosing Problems 7-22 8 Recovering from Non-Critical Losses Objectives 8-2 Recovery of Non-Critical Files 8-3 Creating New Temporary Tablespace 8-4 Creating a New Control File 8-5 Control File Autobackups 8-7 Recreating Redo Log Files 8-9 Recovering an Index Tablespace 8-12 Recovery Steps 8-13 Server Managed Recovery: RESTORE and RECOVER Commands 8-14 User-Managed Recovery Procedures: RECOVER Command 8-15 Summary 8-16 Practice 8 Overview: Recreating the Control File 8-17 iv 9 Incomplete Recovery Objectives 9-2 Incomplete Recovery Overview 9-3 Situations Requiring Incomplete Recovery 9-4 Types of Incomplete Recovery 9-5 Incomplete Recovery Best Practices 9-7 Using RECOVER for Incomplete Recovery 9-9 UNTIL TIME Recovery Example 9-10 UNTIL TIME Recovery Steps 9-11 Cancel-Based Recovery: Example 9-13 Incomplete Recovery and the Alert Log 9-15 Incomplete Recovery of a Database Using RMAN 9-16 RMAN Incomplete Recovery UNTIL TIME: Example 9-17 RMAN Incomplete Recovery UNTIL SEQUENCE: Example 9-19 Recovery Using Enterprise Manager 9-20 Summary 9-26 Practice 9 Overview: Incomplete Recovery 9-27 10 Flashback Database Objectives 10-2 Flashback Any Error 10-3 Flashback Technology Benefits 10-4 When To Use Flashback Technology 10-5 Flashback Database Overview 10-6 Flashback Database Reduces Restore Time 10-7 Flashback Database Architecture 10-8 Configuring Flashback Database 10-9 Configure Flashback Database with EM 10-10 Monitoring Flashback Database 10-12 Monitoring Flashback Database with EM 10-14 Monitoring Flash Recovery Area with EM 10-15 Best Practices for the Database and Flash Recovery Area 10-16 Backing Up the Flash Recovery Area 10-17 Flash Recovery Area Space Usage 10-18 Flashback Database Examples 10-19 Flashback Database with EM 10-20 Flashback Database Using EM 10-22 Excluding Tablespaces from Flashback Database 10-23 Flashback Database Considerations 10-24 Summary 10-25 Practice 10 Overview: Flashback Database 10-26 v 11 Recovering from User Errors Objectives 11-2 Flashback Time Navigation 11-3 Flashback Drop Overview 11-4 Recycle Bin 11-5 Querying the Recycle Bin 11-6 Flashback Dropped Tables Using EM 11-8 Restoring Objects from the Recycle Bin 11-9 Recycle Bin Automatic Space Reclamation 11-10 Recycle Bin Manual Space Reclamation 11-12 Bypassing the Recycle Bin 11-14 Querying Dropped Tables 11-15 Flashback Drop Considerations 11-16 Flashback Versions Query Overview 11-17 Flashback Versions Query Using EM 11-18 Flashback Versions Query Syntax 11-19 Flashback Versions Query Example 11-20 Flashback Versions Query Considerations 11-21 Flashback Transaction Query Overview 11-22 Querying FLASHBACK_TRANSACTION_QUERY 11-23 Using Flashback Versions Query and Flashback Transaction Query 11-24 Flashback Transaction Query Using EM 11-25 Flashback Transaction Query Considerations 11-26 Flashback Table Overview 11-27 Using EM to Flashback Tables 11-28 Flashback Table Example 11-29 Rolling Back a Flashback Table Operation 11-30 Flashback Table Considerations 11-31 Guaranteed Undo Retention 11-32 SCN and Time Mapping Enhancements 11-33 Summary 11-34 Practice 11 Overview: Recovering from User Errors 11-35 12 Dealing With Database Corruption Objectives 12-2 What Is Block Corruption? 12-3 Block Corruption Symptoms: ORA-1578 12-4 DBVERIFY Utility 12-5 Interpreting DBVERIFY 12-6 The ANALYZE Command 12-8 Initialization Parameter DB_BLOCK_CHECKING 12-9 How to Handle Corruptions 12-10 The DBMS_REPAIR Package 12-12 Using DBMS_REPAIR 12-13 vi Block Media Recovery (BMR) 12-17 The BLOCKRECOVER Command 12-18 RMAN BMR Interface 12-19 Examples of BLOCKRECOVER 12-20 Which Object Is Corrupted? 12-22 Summary 12-23 Practice 12 Overview: Dealing with Database Corruption 12-24 13 Optimizing Database Performance Objectives 13-2 Advisory Framework Overview 13-3 Database Control and Advisors 13-5 Typical Advisor Tuning Session 13-6 Manually Invoking ADDM 13-7 Application Tuning Challenges 13-8 SQL Tuning Advisor Overview 13-9 SQL Tuning Advisor Options and Recommendations 13-10 Using the SQL Tuning Advisor 13-11 Using the SQL Access Advisor 13-13 Using the Memory Advisor 13-15 Segment Advisor Overview 13-16 Segment Advisor 13-17 Growth Trend Report 13-18 Segment Resource Estimation 13-19 The Undo Management Page 13-20 The Undo Advisor Page 13-21 What Is Automatic Storage Management? 13-22 ASM Key Features and Benefits 13-23 ASM Concepts 13-24 ASM General Architecture 13-25 ASM Instance Creation 13-27 ASM Instance Initialization Parameters 13-28 Accessing an ASM Instance 13-29 ASM Home Page 13-30 ASM Performance Page 13-31 ASM Configuration Page 13-32 Starting Up an ASM Instance 13-33 Shutting Down an ASM Instance 13-34 ASM Disk Groups 13-35 ASM Administration Page 13-36 Create Disk Group Page 13-37 ASM Files 13-38 ASM Filenames 13-39 vii ASM File Name Mapping 13-40 SQL Commands and File Naming 13-41 DBCA and Storage Options 13-42 Migrating Your Database to ASM Storage 13-43 Summary 13-44 Practice 13 Overview: Optimizing Database Performance 13-45 14 Using Materialized Views Objectives 14-2 Materialized Views 14-3 Refreshing Materialized Views 14-4 Materialized View Logs 14-6 Primary Key Materialized Views 14-7 Creating Materialized Views 14-8 Updatable Materialized Views 14-9 Monitoring Materialized View Refresh 14-10 Refresh Job Errors 14-11 Monitoring Refresh Operations 14-12 Additional Distributed Data Technologies 14-13 Summary 14-15 15 Managing Resources Objectives 15-2 Overview 15-3 Database Resource Manager Concepts 15-4 Using Sub-Plans to Limit CPU Utilization 15-5 Limiting CPU Utilization: Example 15-7 Resource Manager Configurations 15-8 Active Session Pool Mechanism 15-10 Setting the Active Session Pool 15-11 Automatic Consumer Group Switching 15-13 Configuring Consumer Group Switching 15-16 Adaptive Consumer Group Mapping 15-17 Creating a Mapping Using DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER 15-18 Assigning Priorities Using DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER 15-19 The Initial Plan: SYSTEM_PLAN 15-20 Creating a New Resource Plan 15-21 Oracle Enterprise Manager: Resource Manager 15-23 Creating a Simple Plan 15-24 Creating a Complex Plan 15-25 Resource Allocation Methods for Resource Plans 15-26 Comparison of EMPHASIS and RATIO 15-28 Creating Resource Consumer Groups 15-30 viii [...]... reserved Oracle Database 10g Manageability Goals Oracle Database 10g is a giant step toward the Oracle vision of creating a self-aware, selflearning, and completely self-managing database A huge development effort has gone into simplifying every aspect of Oracle Database 10g administration with the dual objectives of enhancing administrator productivity and reducing operational costs Oracle Database 10g: Administration. .. system provisioning Oracle Database 10g: Administration Workshop II 1-6 How Oracle Database 10g DBAs Spend Their Time Proactive and strategic planning: 45+% Scale to the Grid Maintain software: 3% 1-7 Install: 3% Create and configure: 6% Manage database system: 25% Load data: 3% Copyright © 2004, Oracle All rights reserved How Oracle Database 10g DBAs Spend Their Time As the demand for database uptime... Workshop II 1-5 Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database Enterprise Manager 10g Storage management Application and SQL management Monitor Fix Backup and recovery management 1-6 Alert Automatic management System resource management Advise Common manageability infrastructure Space management Copyright © 2004, Oracle All rights reserved Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database Oracle Database. .. strategy • Employing database monitoring practices • Basic database tuning • Scheduling of tasks 1-2 Copyright © 2004, Oracle All rights reserved Oracle Database 10g: Administration Workshop II 1-2 How DBAs Spend Their Time Install: 6% Create and configure: 12% Load data: 6% Manage database system: 55% Maintain software: 6% 1-3 Copyright © 2004, Oracle All rights reserved How Database Administrators... Storage management Oracle Database 10g: Administration Workshop II 1-3 Oracle Database 10g Manageability Goals Reduce administration costs • • Automatic versus manual Intelligence versus data Reduce capital expenditures • • Adaptive versus oversized Integrated versus third-party Reduce failure costs • • 1-4 Preventive versus corrective Act-and-succeed versus trial-and-error Copyright © 2004, Oracle All rights... the Oracle Database handles character set conversion automatically Oracle Database 10g: Administration Workshop II 2-3 Encoding Schemes Oracle Database supports different classes of character encoding schemes: • Single-byte character sets – 7-bit – 8-bit • • • Fixed-width multibyte character sets Varying-width multibyte character sets Universal character sets, such as Unicode 2-4 Copyright © 2004, Oracle. .. elements Oracle Database 10g: Administration Workshop II 2-9 Configuring the Database Local Timezone • At the session level: ALTER SESSION SET time_zone = 'Europe/London'; ALTER SESSION SET time_zone = LOCAL; • Using an environment variable: $ export ORA_SDTZ = 'DB_TZ' • At the database level: CREATE DATABASE SET TIME_ZONE='UTC' ALTER DATABASE SET TIME_ZONE='-01:00'; 2-10 Copyright © 2004, Oracle All... resources With Oracle Database 10g, DBAs: • Think and act more proactively and strategically • Are application-aware and business-sensitive • Support larger databases with more users for more mission-critical applications • Can consolidate, centralize, and globalize • Require and provide more education • Are even more important and valuable Oracle Database 10g: Administration Workshop II 1-7 Student... with hyphens, refer to the Unicode Standard encodings, while UTF8, AL32UTF8, and AL16UTF16, without hyphens, refer to Oracle Database character sets based on the Unicode Standard Oracle Database 10g: Administration Workshop II 2-6 Database Character Sets and National Character Sets Database Character Sets National Character Sets Defined at creation time Defined at creation time Cannot be changed without... AL16UTF16 If you use the Database Creation Assistant (DBCA), you can choose to use the default value if you need to support only the language currently used by the operating system for all your database users and your database applications You can also choose to use Unicode (AL32UTF8), or choose the character set from a list Oracle Database 10g: Administration Workshop II 2-7 Database Character Sets . Spend Their Time 1-3 Oracle Database 10g Manageability Goals 1-4 Database Management Challenges 1-5 Oracle Database 10g Solution: Self-Managing Database 1-6 How Oracle Database 10g DBAs Spend Their. capital expenditures Oracle Database 10g Manageability Goals Reduce administration costs Oracle Database 10g Manageability Goals Oracle Database 10g is a giant step toward the Oracle vision of creating. standardization, and system provisioning. Oracle Database 10g: Administration Workshop II 1-7 Copyright © 2004, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1-7 How Oracle Database 10g DBAs Spend Their Time Load data: