[...]... microcrystalline paraffin waxes Paraffin light distillates (atmospheric distillation) Paraffin medium distillates (vacuum distillation) n & c 2 U 0 0 I Slack wax 3 5 * 3 Macrocrystalline paraffins 2 4 Brittle microcrystalline paraffin waxes Ductile microcrystalline paraffin waxes micro crystalline paraffin waxes Fig I-I Sources and classification of liquid paraffins and paraffin waxes from petroleum. .. paraffins and paraffin waxes The chemical properties of liquid paraffins and paraffin waxes obtained from petroleum are in relation with the following steps : - preparative and analytical methods for studying the chemical composition of liquid paraffins and paraffin waxes, - determining the chemical composition of the paraffins, - determining the chemical properties of individual paraffin hydrocarbons... 25 "C Depending on the degree of refining, one can classify paraffin waxes as technical, semi-refined and refined grade waxes Technical grade paraffin waxes usually contain less than 6 wt-% oil; these are products obtained by dewaxing from slacks Semi-refined paraffin waxes may contain a maximum of 3 wt- % oil, and their colour is light yellow to white Finally, refined paraffin waxes contain 0.4 to 0.8... PROPERTIES OF LIQUID PARAFFINS AND PARAFFIN WAXES Classification of paraffin waxes : Paraffin waxes with macrocrystalline structure can be classified e.g with respect to their melting point or to the extent of refining On the basis of the melting p o b t one can distinguish between soft paraffin waxes with melting points below 45 "C, and hard paraffin waxes with melting points between 45 and 60°C and needle... formed as by -products in processing certain natural substances Paraffins of low molecular weight are found in natural gas, paraffins of medium and high molecular weight in petroleum and ozokerite On industrial scale, paraffins can be manufactured from coal by the well-known Fischer-Tropsch synthesis Paraffins are also obtained from the tar-like products obtained by the dry distillation of coal (mainly brown... waxes obtained from residual oil As it is known all paraffin waxes obtained from petroleum are crystalline below their setting point The size of the crystals, however, decreases with the increasing boiling point of the paraffin wax Microcrystalline para& waxes have higher molecular weights, densities and refractive indices than macrocrystalline paraffin waxes From the view of both processing and application,... applied in the course of this book Widely varying terms are used in the literature, in the technological practice of the petroleum industry and in commerce for different grades of liquid paraffin and paraffin waxes The terms slab paraffin wax, slack wax, scale wax, and pipeline or tank wax were established in earlier petroleum industrial practice The term slab wax was used exclusively for paraffin waxes... expansion in the use of plastics in packaging This same reason urged paraffin wax producers to improve the properties of both macro- and microcrystalline paraffin waxes by means of additives A rich choice of such products is now available on the world market I CHEMICAL, CRYSTALLOGRAPHICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LIQUID PARAFFINS AND PARAFFIN WAXES (A) Liquid paraffins and paraffin waxes from petroleum. .. the slacks obtained from paraffin light oil distillates Microcrystalline paraffin waxes, both of the brittle and the ductile type, are obtained from petrolatum Ductile microcrystalline paraffin waxes include two sub-groups, namely plastic and elastic paraffin waxes Another term used for the low oil-content macrocrystalline paraffin waxes is slab paraffin waxes The term ceresin is reserved exclusively... tank waxes and pipeline waxes separated during the storage and transport of such crudes In the following, the terms liquid paraffins and solid paraffin waxes will always be used in the above sense Whenever individual members of the homologous series of paraffins are in question, they will be termed alkanes to avoid confusion Liquid paraffins from petroleum consist of ClO-Cl8,mainly normal hydrocarbons . Cataloging in Publication Data K6olaj parpnok. English. Paraffin products. (Developments in petroleum science; 14) Translation of: Ki3olaj paraffinok. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Paraffins utilization of chlorinated paraffins (b) Batchwise and continuous chlorination of paraffins of paraffins, and utilization of the products (a) The main variants of paraffin oxidation 8 CONTENTS. impregnation (b) Paraffin waxes in coatings (c) Paraffin waxes for lamination (13) Paraffin waxes as additives to paper sizes Literature 2. Application of paraffin waxes in household chemicals