[...]... 427 Industrial OrganicChemstry by Klaus Weissennel and Hans-Jurgen Arpe Copyright 0 VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 1997 1 Various Aspects of the Energy and Raw Material Supply The availability and price structure of energy and raw materials have always determined the technological base and thus the expansion and development of industrial chemistry However, the oil crisis... previously burned off A number of nonindustrialized and newly industrialized nations have followed this example, so that in the future they will be able to supply not only their domestic requirements, but also the established production centers in the USA, Western Europe, and Japan Thus it can be expected that the capacity for production of primary chemicals in these newly industrialized countries will increase... are currently being developed This aspect must be taken into account in all plans relating to long-term energy and raw material supply Industrial OrganicChemstry by Klaus Weissennel and Hans-Jurgen Arpe Copyright 0 VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 1997 2 Basic Products of Industrial Syntheses 2.1 Synthesis Gas Nowadays the term synthesis gas or syn gas is mainly used for gas mixtures consisting of C O and... process) 3 sulfolan/diisopropanolamine/H,O (Sulfinol process) 4 NMP (Purisol process) 5 numerous other organic and inorganic solvent systems 6 molecular sieves Benfield process (developed in 1950 by Benson and Field): K,CO, + CO, + H,O = KHCO, 20 bar, 105°C + 1 bar, 105°C 20 2 Basic Products of Industrial Syntheses Claus process: H,S SO, + 1.50, SO, + H,O + 2H,S (cat) 3s + + H,O adjustment of required... (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries was distributed as follows : 31 T for transport o 34% for industrial use 35% for domestic and agricultural use, and other sectors energy consumption of industry: the chemical 6% of total consumption, i.e., second greatest industrial consumer changes in primary worldwide (in 070) : 1964 oil 41 coal 37 natural gas 15 nuclear energy 6 water power/... I products from petroleum processing 2 natural gas 3 coal gasification products as well as acetylene from carbide and light hydrocarbons expansion of organic primary chemicals was only possible due to conversion from coal to oil return to coal for organic primary chemicals is not feasible in short and medium term primary chemicals are petrochemical basis products for further reactions; e g., ethylene,... Basic Products o Industrial Syntheses f 2.1.1.1 Synthesis Gas via Coal Gasification coal gasification can be regarded physically as gas’so1id reaction and as partial oxidation of C or as reduction of H,O with C total process is much complex and only describable using numerous parallel and secondary reactions In the gasification of coal with steam and 0, that is, for the conversion of the organic constituents... pilot and demonstration plants have been in operation for several years 15 important factors in the industrial gasification of hard or brown coal: 1 physical and chemical properties of the coal 2 allothermal or autothermal heat supply 3 type of reactor 4 gasification agent 5 process conditions conventional industrial gasification processes: Winkler Koppers-Totzek Lurgi more recent pilot plant tested gasification... monoxide and hydrogen via gasification processes together with the manufacture of carbide (for welding and some special organic intermediates), benzene, and certain polynuclear aromatics are the only remaining processes of those employed in the 1950s for the preparation of basic organic chemicals from coal However, these account for only a minor part of the primary petrochemical products; currenty... a minor part of the primary petrochemical products; currenty ca 95% are based on oil or natural gas Furthermore, there is no doubt that the expansion in production of feedstocks for the manufacture of organic secondary products was only possible as a result of the changeover to oil This rapid expansion would not have been possible with coal due to inherent mining constraints It can thus be appreciated . class="bi x0 y0 w1 h0" alt="" Weissermel, Arpe Industrial Organic Chemistry A Wiley company Klaus Weissermel Hans- Jurgen Arpe Industrial Organic Chemistry Translated by Charlet R. Lindley. British Library. Deutsche Bibliothek Cataloguing-in-Publication Data: Weissermel, Klaus: Industrial organic chemistry / Klaus Weissermel ; Hans-Jiirgen Arpe. Transl. by Charlet R. Lindley. ~. February 1997 K. Weissermel H J. Arpe Preface to the Second Edition The translation of Industrial Organic Chemistry into seven languages has proved the worldwide interest in this book. The positive