[...]... models in the field of chemical engineering 1.1.1 Chemical Engineering Modelling The use of models in chemical engineering is well established, but the use of dynamic models, as opposed to the more traditional use of steady-state models for chemical plant analysis, is much more recent This is reflected in the development of new powerful commercial software packages for dynamic simulation, which has... Liquid-Liquid Extraction Column Dynamics 245 Dynamic Modelling of a Liquid-Liquid Extractor with Axial Mixing in Both Phases 249 Dynamic Modelling of Chromatographic Processes 251 Axial Dispersion Model for a Chromatography Column .252 Dynamic Difference Equation Model for Chromatography 254 Heat Transfer Applications 257 Steady-State Tubular Flow with Heat Loss 257 Single-Pass,... Steady-State Diffusion with Homogeneous Chemical Reaction 217 4.2.3 4.3 Tubular Chemical Reactors 219 The Plug-Flow Tubular Reactor 220 4.3.1 Liquid-Phase Tubular Reactors 225 4.3.2 Gas-Phase Tubular Reactors 226 4.3.3 4.3.4 Batch Reactor Analogy 229 4.3.5 Dynamic Simulation of the Plug-Flow Tubular Reactor 230 4.3.6 Dynamics of an Isothermal Tubular Reactor with Axial... encountered in practice, contain more than one chemical species Provided no chemical change occurs, the generalised dynamic equation for the conservation of mass can also b e applied to each chemical component of the system Thus for any particular component Rate of of component in the system into the system of the system Component Balances with Reaction Where a chemical reaction occurs, the change, due... Concepts Express each balance term in mathematical form with measurable variables A Rate of Accumulation Term This is given by the rate of change of the mass of the system, or the mass of some component within the system, with changing time and is expressed as the derivative of the mass with respect to time Hence Rate of accumulation of mass of component i within the system where M is in kg or mol and time... but should satisfy a previously well-defined aim 2 Modelling is a process of continuous development, in which it is generally advisable to start off with the simplest conceptual representation of the process and to build in more and more complexities, as the model develops Starting off with the process in its most complex form often leads to confusion 3 Modelling is an art but also a very important learning... required One of the most important 1.1 Modelling Fundamentals 3 factors in modelling is to understand the basic cause and effect sequence of individual processes 4 1.12 Models must be both realistic and robust A model predicting effects, which are quite contrary to common sense or to normal experience, is unlikely to be met with confidence General Aspects of the Modelling Approach An essential stage... Countercurrent Extraction Cascade 166 Countercurrent Extraction Cascade with Backmixing 168 Countercurrent Extraction Cascade with Slow Chemical Reaction 170 Multicomponent Systems 172 Control of Extraction Cascades 173 Mixer-Settler Extraction Cascades 174 Staged Extraction Columns 183 Column Hydrodynamics 186 Stagewise Absorption 188 191 Stagewise Distillation... conditions the concentration at any position along the reactor will be constant with respect to time, though not with position This type of behaviour, obtained with tubular reactors, can be approximated by choosing the incremental volume of the balance regions sufficiently small so that the concentration of any component within the region can be assumed approximately uniform Thus in this case, many... 2 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.1.1 2.1.1.2 Process Dynamics Fundamentals 61 Signal and Process Dynamics 61 Measurement and Process Response 61 First-Order Response to an Input Step-Change Disturbance 6 2 Case A Concentration Response of a Continuous Flow Stirred Tank 63 Case B Concentration Response in a Continuous Stirred Tank with Chemical Reaction 65 Case C Response . Heinzle, J. E. Pienosil Chemical Engineering Dynamics @ WI LEY-VCH Also of Interest Biological Reaction Engineering Principles, Applications and Modelling with PC Simulation I. J. Dunn,. Dunn Elmar Heinzle JiZ E. Pfenosil Chemical Engineering Dynamics An Introduction to Modelling and Computer Simulation Second, Completely Revised Edition @ WI LEY-VCH Weinheim teach the use of modelling and simulation as a discipline for the understanding of chemical engineering processes and their dynamics. This is done via a combination of basic modelling theory