[...]... Fluidized Beds / 143 High-Temperature Rotary Drum Lime and Cement Kilns / 144 Continuous Furnaces for 1900 to 2500 F (1038 to 1370 C) / 144 4.6.1 Factors Limiting Heating Capacity / 144 4.6.2 Front-End-Fired Continuous Furnaces / 152 4.6.3 Front-End-Firing, Top and Bottom / 153 4.6.4 Side-Firing Reheat Furnaces / 153 4.6.5 Pusher Hearths Are Limited by Buckling/Piling / 155 4.6.6 Walking Conveying Furnaces. .. furnace), thus saving energy (See chap 4.) Horizontal straight-line continuous furnaces are more common than rotary hearth furnaces, rotary drum furnaces, vertical shaft furnaces, or fluidized bed furnaces Fig 1.3 Five-zone steel reheat furnace Many short zones are better for recovery from effects of mill delays Using end-fired burners upstream (gas-flow-wise), as shown here, might disrupt flame coverage of side... is placed on the car-hearth, moved into the furnace on the car-hearth, heated on the car-hearth, and removed from the furnace on the car-hearth; then the car is unloaded Cooling is done on the carhearth either in the furnace or outside before unloading This type of furnace is used mainly for heating heavy or bulky loads, or short runs of assorted sizes and shapes The furnace door may be affixed to the... to be incinerated The space below the grate is a pressurized air supply plenum The fuel particles are ignited above the grate and burn in fluidized suspension while physically bombarding the water walls of the upper chamber and water tubes immersed in its fluidized bed 3 The fluidized bed is filled with cold granules of a coating material (e.g., polymer), and loads to be coated are heated in a separate... 212 5.11.4 Oxy-Fuel Firing Saves Fuel, Improves Heat Transfer, and Lowers NOx / 231 5.12 Lines: 28 ——— -4 .0pt ——— Normal P PgEnds: Energy Costs of Pollution Control / 233 5.13 6 xi Review Questions, Problems, Project / 238 OPERATION AND CONTROL OF INDUSTRIAL FURNACES 6.1 Burner and Flame Types, Location / 243 6.1.1 Side-Fired Box and Car-Bottom Furnaces / 243 6.1.2 Side Firing In-and-Out Furnaces / 244... Mawhinney formed and led his own consulting engineering company He collaborated with Professor Trinks on his Industrial Furnaces, Volume I, 5th Edition, published in 1961, and on Volume II, and 4th Edition published in 1967 Robert A Shannon has more than 50 years experience with engineering work He has been North American Mfg Co.’s authority on steel reheat furnaces, soaking pits, and forging furnaces He... used for heat treating metals or glass “lehrs” (fig 1.5), plus alloy or Normal P ceramic roller hearth furnaces (fig 1.6) and tunnel furnaces/ tunnel kilns (fig 1.7) Alternatives to straight-line horizontal continuous furnaces are rotary hearth (disc * PgEnds: or donut) furnaces (fig 1.8 and secs 4.6 and 6.4), inclined rotary drum furnaces (fig 1.10), tower furnaces, shaft furnaces (fig 1.11), and fluidized... electric energy to heat Fuel-fired (combustion type) furnaces are most widely used, but electrically heated furnaces are used where they offer advantages that cannot always be measured in terms of fuel cost In fuel-fired furnaces, the nature of the fuel may make a difference in the furnace design, but that is not much of a problem with modern industrial furnaces and combustion equipment Additional bases... 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 INDUSTRIAL HEATING PROCESSES TABLE 1.1 (Continued ) Material Operation Steel, alloy, tool Steel, alloy, tool Steel, alloy, tool Steel, carbon Steel, carbon Steel, carbon, tool Steel, carbon, tool Steel, chromium Steel, high-carbon Steel, high-speed Steel, high-speed Steel, high-speed Steel, manganese, castings Steel, medium carbon Steel, spring Steel, S.A.E Steel,... / 283 6.9.1 Heat-Soaking Ingots—Evolution of One-WayFired Pits / 283 6.9.2 Problems with One-Way, Top-Fired Soak Pits / 286 6.9.3 Heat-Soaking Slabs / 288 6.10 ——— Normal P PgEnds: [-1 2], (6) Continuous Reheat Furnace Control / 293 6.11.1 Use More Zones, Shorter Zones / 293 6.11.2 Suggested Control Arrangements / 295 6.11.3 Effects of (and Strategies for Handling) Delays / 301 6.12 -5 .900 Uniformity . photographs. ** No further editions of Volume II of INDUSTRIAL FURNACES are planned because similar, but up-to- date, material is covered in this 6th Edition of INDUSTRIAL FURNACES and in Volumes. PgEnds: [-5 ], (5 ) This 6th Edition is dedicated to our wives: Emily Jane Shannon and Catherine Riehl Reed whom we thank for beloved encouragement and for time away to work on this 6th Edition. ROBERT. Capacity / 144 4.6.2 Front-End-Fired Continuous Furnaces / 152 4.6.3 Front-End-Firing, Top and Bottom / 153 4.6.4 Side-Firing Reheat Furnaces / 153 4.6.5 Pusher Hearths Are Limited by Buckling/Piling