[...]... to having as many as half their population illiterate, and only ten – all but Afghanistan in Africa – were prepared to admit that less than 20% of their population could read or write (Hobsbawm, 1994, p 295) b) Nearly as dramatic as the decline of the peasantry was the rise of professions which required secondary and higher education Primary education for everyone (basic literacy) was the aspiration... writer’s article e) f) 2 Taking a paragraph from a classmate’s essay without giving a reference Presenting the results of your own research To avoid plagiarism, and also to save having lengthy quotations in your work, it is necessary to paraphrase and summarise the original Instead of this, students sometimes hope that changing a few words of the original will avoid charges of plagiarism Clearly, you are... following are plagiarised and which are acceptable? a) Almost as dramatic as the decline and fall of the peasantry, and much more general, was the rise of the professions which required secondary and higher education Primary education for all, i.e basic literacy, 8 The Writing Process: Writing Foundations was indeed the aspiration of almost all governments, so much so that by the late 1980s only the... information or data (collectively, “information”) made available at the company web site are provided “as is”, without warranties of any kind The Company expressly disclaims any representations and warranties, including without limitation, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for particular purpose c) The Creative Labs Inspire 6.1 6600 speaker set matches up well with the Sound Blaster... importance to the work, as does the threat that the plague might be used as an agent of bacteriological warfare 1.7 Note-making Effective note-making is a key writing skill, with a number of practical uses Good note-making techniques lead to accurate essays Although you are the only person who will read your notes, clarity and organisation are important to save time and errors at the writing stage cross-reference... of a computer b) London is an ideal city for young students Britain’s lively capital, with a population of two million, is the perfect place to live and study Cheap, comfortable accommodation is always available, and transport is provided by the clean and reliable underground railway system Another advantage is the friendly citizens, who are well-known for their custom of stopping to chat with strangers... Where might each one be found? Academic Archaic Formal 4 Jargon Journalistic Literary Match the examples below with the types of English listed above: a) Demographic data are given in Table 1 Twentythree men and thirty-two women were available for follow-up examination The sex and age distributions were approximately the same as in the total original baseline group 1.5 Understanding Purpose and Register... right Analyse Give a clear and simple account Describe Make a proposal and support it Examine Deal with a complex subject by giving the main points State Divide into sections and discuss each critically Suggest Give a detailed account Summarise Look at the various parts and their relationships 10 The Writing Process: Writing Foundations cross-reference 1.11 3 Planning Essays Almost all essays, reports and... Assess reading texts – choose most suitable Select relevant areas of texts – keep record for references Make notes on relevant areas, using paraphrasing and summarising skills Combine a variety of sources where necessary Select suitable structure for essay – make plan Organise and write main body Organise and write introduction Organise and write conclusion Critically read and rewrite where necessary... of privatisation and evaluate its record in Britain A case study of electricity privatisation An analysis of the international trends in privatisation A study of major privatisations in the UK A discussion of the benefits achieved by privatisation c) To what extent is tuberculosis (TB) a disease of poverty? A definition of TB A report on the spread of TB worldwide A case study showing how TB relates to