[...]... of wastewater dechlorination, Environ Sci Technol., 29, 1018–1022, 1995 20 Legube, B., A survey of bromate ion in European drinking water, Ozone Sci Eng., 18, 325–348, 1996 21 National Primary Drinking Water Regulations: disinfectants and disinfection byproducts: final Rule, Fed Regist., 63, 69,389, 1998 6 Ozone Reaction Kinetics for Water and Wastewater Systems 22 Richardson, S.D., Simmons, J.E., and. .. these reactions there is no explicit electron transfer, but rather an oxygen transfer from the ozone molecule to the other compound Examples of explicit electron transfer reactions are few, but the reactions between ozone and the hydroperoxide ion and the superoxide ion radical can be classified in this group:6 > > ; O3 : HO2 ; < O3 = : HO2 = (2.1) 7 8 Ozone Reaction Kinetics for Water and Wastewater Systems. .. Regimes of the Ozone Compound B and Ozone UV Photolysis Reactions 211 9.3.1 Comparison between Ozone Direct Photolysis and the Ozone Direct Reaction with a Compound B through Reaction and Diffusion Times .211 9.3.2 Contributions of Direct Photolysis and Direct Ozone Reaction to the Ozone Absorption Rate 214 9.3.2.1 Strong UV Absorption Exclusively due to Dissolved Ozone ... any organic (and some inorganic) matter present in water. 2 For this reason, ozone reactions in water can be classified as direct and indirect reactions Direct reactions are the true ozone reactions, that is, the reactions the ozone molecule undergoes with any other type of chemical species (molecular products, free radicals, etc.) Indirect reactions are those between the hydroxyl radical, formed from... two 9 molecular orbitals that move throughout the ozone molecule As a consequence, the ozone molecule represents a hybrid formed by the four possible structures shown in Figure 1.2 The length of the bond between I II III FIGURE 1.2 Resonance forms of the ozone molecule IV 4 Ozone Reaction Kinetics for Water and Wastewater Systems oxygen atoms in the ozone molecule has been found experimentally to be... compounds and wastewaters Dr Beltrán is a member of the International Ozone Association and a member of the editorial board of Ozone Science and Engineering and International Water Quality He has collaborated in the peer-review process of many scientific and engineering journals, such as Ozone Science and Engineering, Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research, Environmental Science and Technology, Water. .. surpassed when chlorinated wastewater is discharged.19 Thus, wastewater treatment plant operators must often balance two contradictory aspects: the use of chlorine for wastewater disinfection and the preservation of aquatic life Thus, alternative oxidant-disinfectant agents are needed for wastewater treatment As shown in Chapter 6, ozone has been used in the treatment of a variety of wastewater It should be... Regime of Ozone Absorption 134 Determination of Ozone Properties for the Ozonation Kinetics of Wastewater 136 6.6.3 Determination of Rate Coefficients for the Ozonation Kinetics of Wastewater 140 6.6.3.1 Fast Kinetic Regime (High COD) 141 6.6.3.2 Slow Kinetic Regime (Low COD) 143 References 145 Chapter 7 Kinetics of Indirect Reactions of Ozone in Water 151... during Direct Ozonation Reactions .107 5.5 Comparison between Absorption Theories in Ozonation Reactions 107 References 109 Chapter 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Kinetics of the Ozonation of Wastewaters 113 Reactivity of Ozone in Wastewater .118 Critical Concentration of Wastewater 120 Characterization of Wastewater 121 6.3.1 The Chemical Oxygen Demand 122 6.3.2... of ozone and granular activated carbon (GAC) in potable water treatment: effects on GAC quality after reactivation, Ozone Sci Eng., 14, 123–137, 1992 27 Beltrán, F.J et al., Improvement of domestic wastewater sedimentation through ozonation, Ozone Sci Eng., 21, 605–614, 1999 28 Beltrán, F.J et al., Wine-distillery wastewater degradation 1 Oxidative treatment using ozone and its effect on the wastewater . intended for both undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate stu- dents, and for teachers and professionals involved with water and wastewater treat- ment. Students who want to become involved with ozone. Engineering, Water Research, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, and the like, present simple examples of the mul- tiple possibilities of ozone in water and the kinetics of wastewater treatment occurring ozone and explains the electronic structure of the ozone molecule, which is responsible for ozone reactivity. Chapter 2 reviews the chemistry of ozone reactions in water by studying direct and indirect