[...]... 16 Catalyst Preparation: Science and Engineering unsaturation of the Al atom and its ability to accept an electron pair However, many of these compounds are in either the gaseous or liquid state under ordinary conditions For ease of separation and processing, it is often desirable to use solid Lewis acids Aluminum oxide is a solid and is widely used as an adsorbent, ion-exchange material, catalyst, catalyst. .. green bodies, and calcination Figure 1.6 shows a picture of an extruder and the corresponding extrudates made 7088_C001.fm Page 10 Wednesday, November 15, 2006 11:08 AM 10 Catalyst Preparation: Science and Engineering FIGURE 1.6 Extruder and extrudates 1.4 APPLICATIONS Because of their unique properties like purity and well-defined and accessible surface, pyrogenic oxides are used as model substances... Aerosol Science and Technology 12, 876–890, 1990 S Pratsinis, J Colloid Interface Sci 124, 416–427, 1988 G Ulrich, Combustion Science and Technology 4, 47–57, 1971 Degussa AG, Düsseldorf, Technical Bulletin Fine Particles Nr 11, 2003 S Friedlander, Smoke, Dust and Haze—Fundamentals of Aerosol Behaviour, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1977 T Johannessen, S Pratsinis, H Livbjerg, Chemical Engineering Science. .. DeNOx catalysts [80–82] and where selective hydrogenations are required [50] Also, a broad field is the use in Fischer-Tropsch catalysts [83–87] REFERENCES 1 AEROSIL® is a registered trademark of Degussa AG 2 H Kloepfer, DE 762723, Degussa, 1942 3 L J White, G J Duffy, J Ind Eng Chem 51, 232, 1959 7088_C001.fm Page 12 Wednesday, November 15, 2006 11:08 AM 12 Catalyst Preparation: Science and Engineering. .. singlets at 76.9 and 69.5 for bridging and terminal (O-C-(CH3)3) and 32.3 and 34.2 for bridging and terminal (O-C-(CH3)3) Interaction of (Al(OBut)3)2 and n-octylamine resulted in new monomeric alkoxide species with δ 67.5 (O-C-(CH3)3) and δ 34.2 (O-C-(CH3)3) At room temperature, the Al-bound n-octylamine exchanged rapidly with free amine, as indicated by broadening of the α-, β-, and γ-carbon peaks... Supported Metal Catalysts 319 Catherine Louis Chapter 15 Production of Supported Catalysts by Impregnation and (Viscous) Drying 341 John W Geus Part III Catalyst Finishing 373 Chapter 16 Drying of Supported Catalysts 375 Azzeddine Lekhal, Benjamin J Glasser, and Johannes G Khinast 7088_bookTOC.fm Page xiii Thursday, November 9, 2006 12:33 PM Chapter 17 The Effects of Finishing and Operating... shown that the activity of catalysts using pyrogenic silica as support for metallocenes is 10 times higher than with other silica supports [52] Pyrogenic alumina is used in automotive catalysts Modern three-way catalysts consist of an alumina washcoat containing one or more of the elements Pt, Rh, Pd, and so-called storage components for NOx and oxygen, respectively Liu and Anderson investigated the... metastable γ- and δ-forms instead of the stable α-form [23] The primary particle size 7088_C001.fm Page 6 Wednesday, November 15, 2006 11:08 AM 6 Catalyst Preparation: Science and Engineering is in the range of 13 nm; the specific surface area is ~100 m2/g–1 At temperatures above 1200°C, pyrogenic alumina can be transformed to α-Al2O3, which is associated with a decrease in the specific surface area and enlargement... 40.7, 31.9, and 27.3 was detected, which were upfield from the set of peaks assigned to free amine The upfield shifts are consistent with amine complexed with a Lewis acid [18] The intensity ratio of these two sets of peaks was close to the ratio expected for free and bound amines The peak area 7088_C002.fm Page 18 Wednesday, November 15, 2006 2:06 PM 18 Catalyst Preparation: Science and Engineering. .. November 15, 2006 2:06 PM 2 Amine-Assisted Synthesis of Aluminum Oxide Alexander I Kozlov, Mayfair C Kung, Wen-Mei Xue, Harold H Kung, and Shandong Yuan CONTENTS Abstract 15 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 Preparation and Properties of Amine-Al Alkoxide Complexes 17 2.3 Hydrolysis of Al(OBut)3(C8H17NH2) and Al(OBut)3(Pipy) to Form Al2O3-Amine 22 2.4 Characterization of Al2O3-Amine . materials and preparation methods contains material now almost a decade old. I hope that Catalyst Prepara- tion: Science and Engineering can contribute to worldwide efforts in catalyst prep- aration science. I. art of catalyst preparation into a science. ” A robust answer to that call is the first chapter-themed book devoted to catalyst synthesis, Preparation of Solid Catalysts (Ertl, Knözinger, and Weitkamp, Eds.,. trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Catalyst preparation: Science and Engineering