[...]... the properties of gases and liquids The chemical or process engineer, in particular, finds knowledge of physical properties of fluids essential to the design of many kinds of products, processes, and industrial equipment Even the theoretical physicist must occasionally compare theory with measured properties The physical properties of every substance depend directly on the nature of the molecules of the... point and the chemical formula Most estimation methods require parameters that are characteristic of single pure components or of constituents of a mixture of interest The more important of these are considered in Chap 2 The thermodynamic properties of ideal gases, such as enthalpies and Gibbs energies of formation and heat capacities, are covered in Chap 3 Chapter 4 describes the PVT properties of pure... equations of state, and methods restricted to liquids Chapter 5 extends the methods of Chap 4 to mixtures with the introduction of mixing and combining rules as well as the special effects of interactions between different components Chapter 6 covers other thermodynamic properties such as enthalpy, entropy, free energies and heat capacities of real fluids from equations of state and correlations for liquids. .. practice of physical properties data’’ (Dewan and Moore, 1999) where searching the World Wide Web can retrieve property information from sources and at rates unheard of a few years ago Yet despite the many handbooks and journals devoted to compilation and critical review of physical-property data, it is inconceivable that all desired experimental data will ever be available for the thousands of compounds of. .. members of the pair having [ϭ] or [ϵ]; if they both have a ϭ or a ϵ without the brackets [ ], they will also have at least 1 — and the bonding of the pair is via a single bond Therefore, the substance CHFϭCFCF3 would have 1 pair of [ϭ]CH — & [ϭ]CϽ, 1 pair of ϭCH — & F — , 1 pair of ϭCϽ & — F, 1 pair of ϭCϽ and ϾCϽ, and 3 pairs of ϾCϽ & — F The location of bonding in esters is distinguished by the use of. .. establishing and collecting estimation methods for physical properties of fluids as required for chemical process and product design B E Poling J M Prausnitz J P O’Connell This page intentionally left blank CHAPTER ONE THE ESTIMATION OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 1-1 INTRODUCTION The structural engineer cannot design a bridge without knowing the properties of steel and concrete Similarly, scientists and engineers often... is, temperature and density The correlation of a and b in terms of other properties of a substance is an example of the use of an empirically modified theoretical form Empirical extension of theory can often lead to a correlation useful for estimation purposes For example, several methods for estimating diffusion coefficients in lowpressure binary gas systems are empirical modifications of the equation... scope of the book is inevitably limited The properties discussed were selected arbitrarily because they are believed to be of wide interest, especially to THE ESTIMATION OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 1.9 chemical engineers Electrical properties are not included, nor are the properties of salts, metals, or alloys or chemical properties other than some thermodynamically derived properties such as enthalpy and. .. 4), thermodynamic (Chaps 5–8), and transport (Chaps 9 to 11) properties of gases and liquids Experimental determination of their values can be challenging [Ambrose and Young, 1995], especially for larger components that can chemically degrade at their very high critical tem- 2.3 PURE COMPONENT CONSTANTS peratures [Teja and Anselme, 1990] Appendix A contains a data base of properties for all the substances... temperature of interest, again at T THE ESTIMATION OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 1.5 FIGURE 1-1 The law of corresponding states applied to the PVT properties of methane and nitrogen Literature values (Din, 1961): ⅙ methane, ● nitrogen low pressure, and the group containing M, Pc , and Tc is suggested by dimensional analysis Other alternatives to the use of ␩c might be proposed, each modeled on the law of corresponding . of various estimation procedures for a lim- ited number of properties of gases and liquids: critical and other pure component properties; PVT and thermodynamic properties of pure components and. h0" alt="" THEPROPERTIESOF GASESANDLIQUIDS Bruce E. Poling Professor of Chemical Engineering University of Toledo John M. Prausnitz Professor of Chemical Engineering University of California. require the properties of gases and liquids. The chemical or process engineer, in particular, finds knowl- edge of physical properties of fluids essential to the design of many kinds of prod- ucts,