A SEARCH FOR ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS Edited by Varaprasad Bobbarala A Search for Antibacterial Agents Edited by Varaprasad Bobbarala Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Vedran Greblo Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published August, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com A Search for Antibacterial Agents, Edited by Varaprasad Bobbarala p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0724-8 Contents Preface IX Chapter 1 Relationships Between Chemical Structure and Activity of Triterpenes Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria 1 A. G. Pacheco, A. F. C. Alcântara, V. G. C. Abreu and G. M. Corrêa Chapter 2 Flower Shaped Silver Nanostructures: An Efficient Bacteria Exterminator 25 Subash Chandra Sahu, Barada Kanta Mishra and Bikash Kumar Jena Chapter 3 Lutamide, a New Ceramide Isolated from the Leaves of Ficus lutea 41 Herve Martial Poumale Poumale Chapter 4 Antibacterial Modification of Textiles Using Nanotechnology 47 Moustafa M. G. Fouda Chapter 5 Metal Complexes as Antimicrobial Agents 73 Marcela Rizzotto Chapter 6 Dendrimers as Antibacterial Agents 89 Metin Tülü and Ali Serol Ertürk Chapter 7 Selected Factors Determining the Content of Lactoferrin, Lysozyme and Immunoglobulins G in Bovine Milk 107 Jolanta Król, Aneta Brodziak, Zygmunt Litwińczuk and Joanna Barłowska Chapter 8 The New About Congenital Antimicrobial Defense of Some Epithelial Tissues – Vaginal Mucosa and Hair 125 Arzumanian Vera, Malbakhova Ekaterina and Vartanova Nune VI Contents Chapter 9 Novel Anti-Microbial Peptides of Xenorhabdus Origin Against Multidrug Resistant Plant Pathogens 147 András Fodor, Mária Hevesi, Andrea Máthé-Fodor, Jozsef Racsko and Joseph A. Hogan Chapter 10 Metal Complexes as Prospective Antibacterial Agents 197 Joshua A. Obaleye, Adedibu C. Tella and Mercy O. Bamigboye Chapter 11 Bacteriostatic Agents 219 Marzieh Rezaei, Majid Komijani and Seyed Morteza Javadirad Chapter 12 New Improved Quinlone Derivatives Against Infection 235 Urooj Haroon, M. Hashim Zuberi, M. Saeed Arayne and Najma Sultana Chapter 13 Biocompatibility and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Quaternized Polysulfones 249 Silvia Ioan and Anca Filimon Chapter 14 The Design of Bacteria Strain Selective Antimicrobial Peptides Based on the Incorporation of Unnatural Amino Acids 275 Amanda L. Russell, David Klapper, Antoine H. Srouji, Jayendra B. Bhonsl, Richard Borschel, Allen Mueller and Rickey P. Hicks Chapter 15 Synthesis, Spectral, Magnetic, Thermal and Antimicrobial Studies on Symmetrically Substituted 2, 9, 16, 23-tetra- phenyliminophthalocyanine Complexes 305 M. H. Moinuddin Khan, K. R. Venugopala Reddy and J. Keshavayya Chapter 16 Antisense Antibacterials: From Proof-Of-Concept to Therapeutic Perspectives 319 Hui Bai and Xiaoxing Luo Preface This book contains precisely referenced chapters, emphasizing antibacterial agents with clinical practicality and alternatives to synthetic antibacterial agents through detailed reviews of diseases and their control using alternative approaches. The book aims at explaining bacterial diseases and their control via synthetic drugs replaced by chemicals obtained from different natural resources which present a future direction in the pharmaceutical industry. The book attempts to present emerging low cost and environmentally friendly drugs that are free from side effects studied in the overlapping disciplines of medicinal chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology and pharmacology. Varaprasad Bobbarala Chief Scientist at Krisani Biosciences India [...]... aeruginosa Table 3 Bactericidal activity of triterpene derivatives - Ref Takechi & Tanaka, 1992 Takechi & Tanaka, 1992 Takechi & Tanaka, 1992 Takechi & Tanaka, 1992 Takechi & Tanaka, 1992 Takechi & Tanaka, 1992 Hichri et al., 2003 12 A Search for Antibacterial Agents Compound Activity against Grampositive bacteria Activity against Gramnegative bacteria 3β-O-Acetate β-amyrin (118) S aureus E coli and P aeruginosa... et al., 2008 Manguro et al., 2011 Maesa lanceolata B subtilis, E faecalis, S aureus, and S pneumoniae E coli, P aeruginosa, and V cholera Manguro et al., 2011 Maesa lanceolata E faecalis and S pneumoniae S typhi and V cholera Manguro et al., 2011 Maesa lanceolata B subtilis S typhi and V cholera Manguro et al., 2011 Drypetes laciniata Clematis ganpiniana Clematis ganpiniana Clematis ganpiniana Clematis... 1β,2β,3β–Trihydroxy-urs-12-ene-23-oicrhamnoside (52) Commiphora glandulosa Erythrodiol (53) 1β,3β-Dihydroxyurs-12-en-27-oic acid (55) 22β-Acetyl lantoic acid (56) Myricana elegans Myricana elegans Carophora coronata Lantana camara Lantic acid (57) Lantana camara 22β-Acetoxylantic acid (58) Lantana Camara Taraxast-20-ene-3β-ol (59) Lupeol (65) Saussurea petrovii Saussurea petrovii Saussurea petrovii Saussurea petrovii Saussurea petrovii... and Tables 2 and 3, 90% of them exhibit activity against Gram-positive bacteria and 60% of them exhibit activity against Gram-negative bacteria These results indicate higher resistance of Gram-negative Bacteria to the triterpenes Vegetal species Activity against Gram-positive bacteria Dillenia papuana Dillenia papuana Dillenia papuana Dillenia papuana Dillenia papuana Cambretum imberbe B subtilis and... Shaped Silver Nanostructures: An Efficient Bacteria Exterminator Subash Chandra Sahu, Barada Kanta Mishra and Bikash Kumar Jena* Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Orissa India 1 Introduction Materials in nanoscale range have dominated several areas of engineering science and technology In the area of biotechnology nano materials have been used increasingly in biomedical analysis,... pneumoniae Umbellatin α (142) B cereus and B subtilis - Mallavadhani et al., 2004 Mallavadhani et al., 2004 Kazakovaa et al., 2010 Kazakovaa et al., 2010 Kloos & Zein, 1993 Kloos & Zein, 1993 Gonzalez et al., 1992 E coli and P syringae Table 3 Bactericidal activity of triterpene derivatives (contd.) - Takechi & Tanaka, 1993 Takechi & Tanaka, 1993 Mallavadhani et al., 2004 Relationships Between Chemical... rossii Maesa lanceolata B subtilis and S aureus B subtilis MRSA, quinolone resistance S aureus (QRSA), and S aureus MRSA, QRSA, and S aureus MRSA, QRSA, and S aureus MRSA, QRSA, and S aureus S aureus Activity against Gramnegative bacteria Chlamydia pneumoniae E coli and P aeruginosa E coli - - Ref Dehaen et al., 2011 Semwal et al., 2011 Nick et al., 1994 Zheng et al., 2008 Zheng et al., 2008 Zheng et al.,... Chouhan & Singh, 2010 Sanches et al., 2005 Nickavar & Mojab, 2003 Kuete et al., 2006 Devmurari et al., 2010 Hess et al., 1995 Table 1 Vegetal species that exhibit bactericidal activity and contain triterpenes (contd.) 4 A Search for Antibacterial Agents Some plants exhibit a broad spectrum of activity against both Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria and contain other chemical classes, such as coumarins,... enzymatic cleavage of DNA (Kanaras et al 2007) This process is designed to monitor the enzymatic cleavage activity based on the wave length shifting of Au nanoparticles Jena and Raj have developed an optical method for the sensing of biomedically important polyionic drugs, protamine and heparin based on the * Corresponding Author 26 A Search for Antibacterial Agents assembly/disassembly of Au nanoparticles... gingivalis, and S typhi E coli, P aeruginosa, and S typhi Oleanolic acid (14) Periplaca laevigata Oleanolic acid acetate (15) Periplaca laevigata Maslinic acid acetate (16) Periplaca laevigata S aureus Methyl 3-acetyloleanolic acid (17) Vitis vinifera S mutans Methyl oleanolic acid (18) Vitis vinifera S mutans P.gingivalis Oleanolic acid 28-O-[β-Dglucopyranosyl] Ester (19) 1α,3β-Dihydroxyolean-12-en-29-oic acid . A SEARCH FOR ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS Edited by Varaprasad Bobbarala A Search for Antibacterial Agents Edited by Varaprasad Bobbarala Published by InTech Janeza. book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com A Search for Antibacterial Agents, Edited by Varaprasad Bobbarala p. cm. ISBN. and G. M. Corr a Chapter 2 Flower Shaped Silver Nanostructures: An Efficient Bacteria Exterminator 25 Subash Chandra Sahu, Barada Kanta Mishra and Bikash Kumar Jena Chapter 3 Lutamide, a