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This volume provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date compendium of theory and research in the field of human intelligence. Each of the 42 chapters is written by world-renowned experts in their respective fields, and, collectively, they cover the full range of topics of contemporary interest in the study of intelligence. The handbook is divided into nine parts: Part I covers intelligence and its measurement; Part II deals with the development of intelligence; Part III discusses intelligence and group differences; Part IV concerns the biology of intelligence; Part V is about intelligence and information processing; Part VI discusses different kinds of intelligence; Part VII covers intelligence and society; Part VIII concerns intelligence in relation to allied constructs; and Part IX is the concluding chapter, which reflects on where the field is currently and where it still needs to go.
This page intentionally left blank The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence This volume provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date compendium of theory and research in the field of human intelligence. The 42 chapters are written by world-renowned experts, each in his or her respective field, and collectively, the chapters cover the full range of topics of contemporary interest in the study of intelligence. The handbook is divided into nine parts: Part I covers intelligence and its measurement; Part II deals with the development of intelligence; Part III discusses intelligence and group differences; Part IV concerns the biology of intelligence; Part V is about intelligence and information processing; Part VI discusses different kinds of intelligence; Part VII covers intelligence and society; Part VIII concerns intelligence in relation to allied constructs; and Part IX is the concluding chapter, which reflects on where the field is currently and where it still needs to go. Robert J. Sternberg is provost and senior vice president and professor of psychology at Oklahoma State University. He was previously dean of the School of Arts and Sciences and professor of psychology and education at Tufts University. His PhD is from Stanford and he holds 11 honorary doctorates. Sternberg is president of the International Association for Cognitive Education and Psychology and president-elect of the Federation of Associations of Behavioral and Brain Sciences. He was the 2003 president of the American Psychological Association and was the president of the Eastern Psychological Association. The central focus of his research is on intelligence, creativity, and wisdom. He is the author of more than 1,200 journal articles, book chapters, and books; has received more than $20 million in government and other grants and contracts for his research; has won more than two dozen professional awards; and has been listed in the APA Monitor on Psychology as one of the top 100 psychologists of the 20th century. He is listed by the ISI as one of its most highly cited authors in psychology and psychiatry. Scott Barry Kaufman is an adjunct assistant professor of psychology at New York University. He holds a PhD in cognitive psychology from Yale University; an M Phil in experimental psychology from King’s College, University of Cambridge, where he was a Gates Cambridge Scholar; and a BS from Carnegie Mellon University. From 2009–2010, he was a postdoctoral Fellow at the Center Leo Apostel for Interdisciplinary Studies, Free University of Brussels. His research interests include the nature, identification, and development of human intelligence, creativity, imagination, and personality. In addition to publishing more than 25 book chapters and articles in professional journals such as Cognition, Intelligence,andJournal of Creative Behavior, he is co-editor of The Psychology of Creative Writing (2009) with James C. Kaufman. His work has been covered in media outlets such as Scientific American Mind and Men’s Health. Additionally, he writes a blog for Psychology Today entitled “Beautiful Minds” and is a contributing writer for The Huffington Post. Kaufman is the recipient of the 2008 Frank X. Barron award from Division 10 of the American Psychological Association for his research on the psychology of aesthetics, creativity, and the arts. The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence Edited by ROBERT J. STERNBERG Oklahoma State University SCOTT BARRY KAUFMAN New York University CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, S ˜ ao Paulo, Delhi, Tokyo, Mexico City Cambridge University Press 32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013-2473, USA www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521739115 C Cambridge University Press 2011 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2011 Printed in the United States of America A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication data The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence / [edited by] Robert J. Sternberg, Scott Barry Kaufman. p. cm. – (Cambridge Handbooks in Psychology) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-521-51806-2 – ISBN 978-0-521-73911-5 (pbk.) 1. Intellect. 2. Human information processing. I. Sternberg, Robert J. (Robert Jeffrey), 1949– II. Kaufman, Scott Barry, 1979– III. Title. IV. Series. BF431.C26837 2011 153.9–dc22 2010049730 ISBN 978-0-521-51806-2 Hardback ISBN 978-0-521-73911-5 Paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party Internet Web sites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such Web sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. This volume is dedicated to the memory of John L. Horn, foremost scholar, dedicated colleague, wonderful friend. Contents Contributors page xi Preface xv PART I: INTELLIGENCE AND ITS MEASUREMENT 1. History of Theories and Measurement of Intelligence 3 N. J. Mackintosh 2. Tests of Intelligence 20 Susana Urbina 3. Factor-Analytic Models of Intelligence 39 John O. Willis, Ron Dumont, and Alan S. Kaufman 4. Contemporary Models of Intelligence 58 Janet E. Davidson and Iris A. Kemp PART II: DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLIGENCE 5. Intelligence: Genes, Environments, and Their Interactions 85 Samuel D. Mandelman and Elena L. Grigorenko 6. Developing Intelligence through Instruction 107 Raymond S. Nickerson 7. Intelligence in Infancy 130 Joseph F. Fagan 8. Intelligence in Childhood 144 L. Todd Rose and Kurt W. Fischer vii viii CONTENTS 9. Intelligence in Adulthood 174 Christopher Hertzog PART III: INTELLIGENCE AND GROUP DIFFERENCES 10. Intellectual Disabilities 193 Robert M. Hodapp, Megan M. Griffin, Meghan M. Burke, and Marisa H. Fisher 11. Prodigies and Savants 210 David Henry Feldman and Martha J. Morelock 12. Intellectual Giftedness 235 Sally M. Reis and Joseph S. Renzulli 13. Sex Differences in Intelligence 253 Diane F. Halpern, Anna S. Beninger, and Carli A. Straight 14. Racial and Ethnic Group Differences in Intelligence in the United States 273 Lisa A. Suzuki, Ellen L. Short, and Christina S. Lee 15. Race and Intelligence 293 Christine E. Daley and Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie PART IV: BIOLOGY OF INTELLIGENCE 16. Animal Intelligence 309 Thomas R. Zentall 17. The Evolution of Intelligence 328 Liane Gabora and Anne Russon 18. Biological Basis of Intelligence 351 Richard J. Haier PART V: INTELLIGENCE AND INFORMATION PROCESSING 19. Basic Processes of Intelligence 371 Ted Nettelbeck 20. Working Memory and Intelligence 394 Andrew R. A. Conway, Sarah J. Getz, Brooke Macnamara, and Pascale M. J. Engel de Abreu 21. Intelligence and Reasoning 419 David F. Lohman and Joni M. Lakin 22. Intelligence and the Cognitive Unconscious 442 Scott Barry Kaufman 23. Artificial Intelligence 468 Ashok K. Goel and Jim Davies PART VI: KINDS OF INTELLIGENCE 24. The Theory of Multiple Intelligences 485 Katie Davis, Joanna Christodoulou, Scott Seider, and Howard Gardner 25. The Theory of Successful Intelligence 504 Robert J. Sternberg . intentionally left blank The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence This volume provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date compendium of theory and research in the field of human intelligence. The 42 chapters. and collectively, the chapters cover the full range of topics of contemporary interest in the study of intelligence. The handbook is divided into nine parts: Part I covers intelligence and its. Davies PART VI: KINDS OF INTELLIGENCE 24. The Theory of Multiple Intelligences 485 Katie Davis, Joanna Christodoulou, Scott Seider, and Howard Gardner 25. The Theory of Successful Intelligence 504 Robert