www.it-ebooks.info P1: OSO fm JWBS034-El-Haik July 20, 2010 20:52 Printer Name: Yet to Come SOFTWARE DESIGN FOR SIX SIGMA A Roadmap for Excellence BASEM EL-HAIK ADNAN SHAOUT A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION www.it-ebooks.info P1: OSO fm JWBS034-El-Haik July 20, 2010 20:52 Printer Name: Yet to Come SOFTWARE DESIGN FOR SIX SIGMA www.it-ebooks.info P1: OSO fm JWBS034-El-Haik July 20, 2010 20:52 Printer Name: Yet to Come www.it-ebooks.info P1: OSO fm JWBS034-El-Haik July 20, 2010 20:52 Printer Name: Yet to Come SOFTWARE DESIGN FOR SIX SIGMA A Roadmap for Excellence BASEM EL-HAIK ADNAN SHAOUT A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION www.it-ebooks.info P1: OSO fm JWBS034-El-Haik July 20, 2010 20:52 Printer Name: Yet to Come Copyright C  2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. 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QA76.76.Q35E45 2010 005.1–dc22 2010025493 Printed in Singapore 10987654321 www.it-ebooks.info P1: OSO fm JWBS034-El-Haik July 20, 2010 20:52 Printer Name: Yet to Come To our parents, families, and friends for their continuous support. www.it-ebooks.info P1: OSO fm JWBS034-El-Haik July 20, 2010 20:52 Printer Name: Yet to Come www.it-ebooks.info P1: OSO fm JWBS034-El-Haik July 20, 2010 20:52 Printer Name: Yet to Come CONTENTS PREFACE xv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xix 1 SOFTWARE QUALITY CONCEPTS 1 1.1 What is Quality / 1 1.2 Quality, Customer Needs, and Functions / 3 1.3 Quality, Time to Market, and Productivity / 5 1.4 Quality Standards / 6 1.5 Software Quality Assurance and Strategies / 6 1.6 Software Quality Cost / 9 1.7 Software Quality Measurement / 13 1.8 Summary / 19 References / 20 2 TRADITIONAL SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES 21 2.1 Introduction / 21 2.2 Why Software Developmental Processes? / 22 2.3 Software Development Processes / 23 2.4 Software Development Processes Classification / 46 2.5 Summary / 53 References / 53 vii www.it-ebooks.info P1: OSO fm JWBS034-El-Haik July 20, 2010 20:52 Printer Name: Yet to Come viii CONTENTS 3 DESIGN PROCESS OF REAL-TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS (RTOS) 56 3.1 Introduction / 56 3.2 RTOS Hard versus Soft Real-Time Systems / 57 3.3 RTOS Design Features / 58 3.4 Task Scheduling: Scheduling Algorithms / 66 3.5 Intertask Communication and Resource Sharing / 72 3.6 Timers / 74 3.7 Conclusion / 74 References / 75 4 SOFTWARE DESIGN METHODS AND REPRESENTATIONS 77 4.1 Introduction / 77 4.2 History of Software Design Methods / 77 4.3 Software Design Methods / 79 4.4 Analysis / 85 4.5 System-Level Design Approaches / 88 4.6 Platform-Based Design / 96 4.7 Component-Based Design / 98 4.8 Conclusions / 99 References / 100 5 DESIGN FOR SIX SIGMA (DFSS) SOFTWARE MEASUREMENT AND METRICS 103 5.1 Introduction / 103 5.2 Software Measurement Process / 105 5.3 Software Product Metrics / 106 5.4 GQM (Goal–Question–Metric) Approach / 113 5.5 Software Quality Metrics / 115 5.6 Software Development Process Metrics / 116 5.7 Software Resource Metrics / 117 5.8 Software Metric Plan / 119 References / 120 6 STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES IN SOFTWARE SIX SIGMA AND DESIGN FOR SIX SIGMA (DFSS) 122 6.1 Introduction / 122 6.2 Common Probability Distributions / 124 6.3 Software Statistical Methods / 124 www.it-ebooks.info [...]... Safety Systems of Nuclear Power Stations Functional Safety Systems Medical Device Software Software Life Cycle Processes Software Project Management Plans Software Quality Assurance Plans Guide for Software Assurance Planning Standard Dictionary of Measures to Produce Reliable Software Software Verification and Validation Plans Standard for a Software Quality Metrics Methodology Standard for Software. .. The ANSI/IEEE Std 730-1984 and 983-1986 software quality assurance plans5 provide a road map for instituting software quality assurance Table 1.3 shows the ANSI/IEEE Std 730-1984 and 983-1986 software quality assurance plans The plans serve as a template for the QA activates that are instituted for each software project The QA activities performed by software engineering team and the QA group are controlled... corporations are training many software design engineers and project leaders to become Six Sigma Black Belts, or Master Black Belts, enabling them to play the leader role in corporate excellence Our book, Software Design For Six Sigma: A Roadmap for Excellence, constitutes an algorithm of software design3 using the design for Six Sigma thinking, tools, and philosophy to software design The algorithm also will... 90003 Name and Use Recommended Practice for Software Reliability Software Quality Assurance Plans Medical Devices—Quality Management Systems—Requirements for Regulatory Purposes Quality Assurance Requirements for Nuclear Facility Applications Systems Engineering Medical Electrical Equipment—Part 1: General Requirements for Safety—4 Collateral Standard: Programmable Electrical Medical Systems Software for. .. or a characteristic that a product or software can or should have For example, a product should be reliable, or a product should be both reliable and usable, or a product should be reliable or repairable Similarly, software should be affordable, efficient, and effective These are some characteristics that a good quality product or software must have In brief, quality is a desirable characteristic that... (e.g., capability maturity model [CMM] levels) There are many standards organizations Table 1.1 shows some of these standard organizations Software engineering process technology (SEPT) has posted the most popular software Quality standards.4 Table 1.2 shows the most popular software Quality standards 1.5 SOFTWARE QUALITY ASSURANCE AND STRATEGIES Professionals in any field must learn and practice the skills... Notes ANSI American National Standards Institute (does not itself make standards but approves them) American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Electronic Industries Association International Electro technical Commission Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society Software Engineering Standards Committee International Organization for Standardization AIAA EIA IEC IEEE... 14:44 Printer Name: Yet to Come CHAPTER 1 SOFTWARE QUALITY CONCEPTS 1.1 WHAT IS QUALITY The American Heritage Dictionary defines quality as a characteristic or attribute of something.” Quality is defined in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) publications as the totality of characteristics of an entity that bear on its ability to satisfy stated and implied needs Quality is a more intriguing... Committee can be an object or measure of comparison that defines or represents the magnitude of a unit It also can be a characterization that establishes allowable tolerances or constraints for categories of items Also it can be a degree or level of required excellence or attainment Software quality standards define a set of development criteria that guide the way software is engineered If the criteria are... followed, quality can be affected negatively Standards sometimes can negatively impact quality because it is very difficult to enforce it on actual program behavior Also standards used to inappropriate software processes may reduce productivity and, ultimately, quality Software system standards can improve quality through many development criteria such as preventing idiosyncrasy (e.g., standards for primitives . Cataloging-in-Publication Data El-Haik, Basem. Software design for six sigma : a roadmap for excellence / Basem S. El-Haik, Adnan Shaout. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-470-40546-8 (hardback) 1. Computer software Quality. Software Design For Six Sigma: A Roadmap for Excellence, constitutes an algorithm of software design 3 using the design for Six Sigma thinking, tools, and philosophy to software design. The algorithm. the gaps missed in their application. Six Sigma is a methodology to manage process variations that use data and statistical analysis to measure and improve a company’s operational performance.