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PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
IN BIOMEDICAL
ENGINEERING
Edited by Adriano O. Andrade,
Adriano Alves Pereira,
Eduardo L. M. Naves
and Alcimar B. Soares
Practical Applications in Biomedical Engineering
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/3331
Edited by Adriano O. Andrade, Adriano Alves Pereira, Eduardo L. M. Naves
and Alcimar B. Soares
Contributors
Adriano O. Andrade, Adriano Alves Pereira, Maria Fernanda Soares de Almeida, Guilherme
Lopes Cavalheiro, Ana Paula Souza Paixão, Sheila Bernardino Fenelon, Valdeci Carlos Dionisio,
Walid A. Zgallai, Vasilios Papaioannou, Ioannis Pneumatikos, Geovani Rodrigo Scolaro,
Fernando Mendes de Azevedo, Christine Fredel Boos, Roger Walz, Erika G. Meraz, Homer
Nazeran, Carlos Ramos, Liza Rodriguez, Lidia Rascón Madrigal, Nelly Gordillo Castillo, Ajay
Sonar, James Carroll, Suélia de S. Rodrigues Fleury Rosa, Adson Ferreira da Rocha, José
Conceição Carvalho, Natalya S. Petrova, Marina A. Zenkova, Elena L. Chernolovskaya, Thayza
Christina Montenegro Stamford, Thatiana Montenegro Stamford-Arnaud, Horacinna Maria de
Medeiros Cavalcante, Rui Oliveira Macedo, Galba Maria de Campos-Takaki, Raquel Diniz
Rufino, Juliana Moura de Luna, Leonie Asfora Sarubbo, Lígia Raquel Marona Rodrigues, José
Antônio C. Teixeira , Juraj Kronek, Ema Paulovičová, Lucia Paulovičová, Zuzana Kroneková,
Jozef Lustoň, T. Vasilieva, Thai-Hoa Tran, Thanh-Dinh Nguyen, Christakis Constantinides,
Venketesh N. Dubey, Neil Vaughan, Michael Y. K. Wee, Richard Isaacs
Published by InTech
Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
Copyright © 2012 InTech
All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license,
which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial
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Notice
Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and
not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy
of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for
any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials,
instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book.
Publishing Process Manager Masa Vidovic
Typesetting InTech Prepress, Novi Sad
Cover InTech Design Team
First published December, 2012
Printed in Croatia
A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com
Practical Applications in Biomedical Engineering,
Edited by Adriano O. Andrade, Adriano Alves Pereira, Eduardo L. M. Naves
and Alcimar B. Soares
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-51-0924-2
Contents
Preface IX
Section 1 Biomedical Signal Processing and Modelling 1
Chapter 1 Human Tremor:
Origins, Detection and Quantification 3
Adriano O. Andrade, Adriano Alves Pereira,
Maria Fernanda Soares de Almeida,
Guilherme Lopes Cavalheiro, Ana Paula Souza Paixão,
Sheila Bernardino Fenelon and Valdeci Carlos Dionisio
Chapter 2 Second- and Third-Order Statistical Characterization
of Non-Linearity and Non-Gaussianity
of Adult and Fetal ECG Signals and Noise 25
Walid A. Zgallai
Chapter 3 Fractal Physiology, Breath-to-Breath Variability
and Respiratory Diseases: An Introduction
to Complex Systems Theory Application
in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine 55
Vasilios Papaioannou and Ioannis Pneumatikos
Chapter 4 Wavelet Filter to Attenuate the Background Activity
and High Frequencies in EEG Signals Applied in
the Automatic Identification of Epileptiform Events 81
Geovani Rodrigo Scolaro, Fernando Mendes de Azevedo,
Christine Fredel Boos and Roger Walz
Chapter 5 Impulse Oscillometric Features
and Respiratory System Models
Track Small Airway Function in Children 103
Erika G. Meraz, Homer Nazeran, Carlos Ramos, Liza Rodriguez,
Lidia Rascón Madrigal and Nelly Gordillo Castillo
Chapter 6 Simulation of Subject Specific Bone Remodeling 141
Ajay Sonar and James Carroll
VI Contents
Section 2 Biomaterials and Prosthetic Devices 167
Chapter 7 Prosthesis for Flow Control in the Esophagus
as a New Technique for the Treatment of Obesity 169
Suélia de S. Rodrigues Fleury Rosa,
Adson Ferreira da Rocha and José Conceição Carvalho
Chapter 8 Structure - Functions Relations
in Small Interfering RNAs 187
Natalya S. Petrova, Marina A. Zenkova and Elena L. Chernolovskaya
Chapter 9 Microbiological Chitosan:
Potential Application as Anticariogenic Agent 229
Thayza Christina Montenegro Stamford, Thatiana Montenegro
Stamford-Arnaud, Horacinna Maria de Medeiros Cavalcante,
Rui Oliveira Macedo and Galba Maria de Campos-Takaki
Chapter 10 Antimicrobial and Anti-Adhesive Potential
of a Biosurfactants Produced by Candida Species 245
Raquel Diniz Rufino, Juliana Moura de Luna,
Leonie Asfora Sarubbo, Lígia Raquel Marona Rodrigues,
José Antônio C. Teixeira and Galba Maria de Campos-Takaki
Chapter 11 Biocompatibility and Immunocompatibility
Assessment of Poly(2-Oxazolines) 257
Juraj Kronek, Ema Paulovičová, Lucia Paulovičová,
Zuzana Kroneková and Jozef Lustoň
Chapter 12 Bio-Medical Applications
of the Electron-Beam Plasma 285
T. Vasilieva
Chapter 13 Functional Inorganic Nanohybrids
for Biomedical Diagnosis 311
Thai-Hoa Tran and
Thanh-Dinh Nguyen
Section 3 Biomedical Image Processing 341
Chapter 14 Study of the Murine Cardiac Mechanical Function Using
Magnetic Resonance Imaging: The Current Status,
Challenges, and Future Perspectives 343
Christakis Constantinides
Chapter 15 Biomedical Engineering in
Epidural Anaesthesia Research 387
Venketesh N. Dubey, Neil Vaughan,
Michael Y. K. Wee and Richard Isaacs
Preface
Biomedical Engineering is an interdisciplinary and emergent area that combines
engineering with life sciences. The idea of this book is to provide the reader with
recent advances and applications in Biomedical Engineering in three particular fields
of interest: Biomedical Signal Processing and Modelling, Biomaterials and Prosthetic
Devices, and Biomedical Image Processing. The book is a collection of self-contained
papers describing specific applications and reviews in these fields. Each paper was
properly peer-reviewed by experts before final acceptance and inclusion in the book.
Biomedical Signal Processing and Modelling refers to the use of digital signal
processing tools and mathematical models for the characterization and representation
of biological systems. In many cases the information available from the system is a
time-series related to its current state, hence the role of signal processing is to extract
features from time-series that are able to quantify and characterize the state of the
biological system. The use and implementation of models is of paramount relevance in
life sciences and engineering, mainly when considering ethical and economic issues.
However, there is a trade-off between model complexity and accuracy in the
representation of the reality. Therefore, modelling biological systems is always a
challenging task. The first six chapters of the book are dedicated to this exciting field.
The study of these chapters can provide the reader with valuable practical examples of
the use of signal processing and modelling. The ideas and methods employed can be
easily extended to the reader’s own research.
Biomaterials are substances that have been engineered to take a form which is used to
direct, by control of interactions with components of living systems, the progress
therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. In the past decade, there has been a great
advance in this area allowing the improvement of medical treatment and diagnosis.
Currently, nanostructures can be used as biomaterials capable of targeting specific
living tissues, aiding the process of detection and monitoring of non-communicable
diseases such as cancer that is one of the leading global killers. It is expected that in a
near future biomaterials can be used in clinical routine as therapy to a number of
diseases. Chapters from 7 to 13 illustrate the use of biomaterials in distinct contexts. In
addition, some of these chapters also discuss implantable prosthetic devices, which
can be seen as a type of biomaterial engineered for providing artificial extension of a
X Preface
body part. Prosthetic devices can be used for replacing missing body parts, and also to
extend the body function.
Biomedical Image Processing concerns the use of image processing techniques for
image analysis, compression and transmission. It is by itself an interdisciplinary
research field attracting expertise from applied mathematics, computer science,
engineering, statistics, physics, biology and medicine. Computer-assisted image
analysis has already become part of clinical routine. However, the new development
of high technologies and use of distinct types of imaging modalities have produced
new challenges to the field. For instance, how to deal with the increasing volume of
data without losing significant information that could be used for diagnosis and
treatment. Furthermore, techniques of image analysis can be combined in virtual
reality environments in a number of situations, e.g., surgery planning and execution,
and also in training. The book brings two chapters (14 and 15) dedicated to this area. It
is hoped that the information provided in these chapters can motivate the reader to
further explore the field of Biomedical Image Processing.
Finally, I would like to thank my colleagues Dr. Adriano Alves Pereira, Dr. Eduardo
Lázaro and Dr. Alcimar B. Soares, of the Postgraduate Program on Biomedical
Engineering of the Federal University of Uberlândia in Brazil, for helping me with the
task of reviewing the chapters of this book. I do hope the material we have organized
can contribute to your knowledge and research.
Have a good reading!
Prof. Dr. Adriano O. Andrade
Biomedical Engineering Laboratory (BioLab), Faculty of Electrical Engineering,
Federal University of Uberlandia,
Brazil
. applications in Biomedical Engineering in three particular fields of interest: Biomedical Signal Processing and Modelling, Biomaterials and Prosthetic Devices, and Biomedical Image Processing. The. free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com Practical Applications in Biomedical Engineering, Edited. Biomedical Engineering is an interdisciplinary and emergent area that combines engineering with life sciences. The idea of this book is to provide the reader with recent advances and applications
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