QUdCTg Nhan ky niem 51 nam Quoc khanh Cuba (1-1-1959 -1-1-2010) CUBA KIEN DINH VA SANG TAG TREN CON Dl/CING XA HOI CHU NGHIA N am 2009 vfla khep lai, sy nghiep cich mang Cuba trdn tudi 50 va bude vao nam 2010 vdi nhiing thanh tuu to ldn qua nfla the' ky ehiln diu va chieh thing. Biet bao su kien da diin ra trong sudt 51 nam qua, nhimg thing lpi ngay 1-1-1959 vin mai mai sd'ng ddng trong y thfle va nhan thfle eua nhan dan Hdn dao Xanh anh hung, vi dd la edt mdc khing dinh Cuba that su budc vao ky nguyen cua ddc lap dan tdc gin liln vdi CNXH; la bing ehflng khdng tbi bic bd vl sfle sdng cua CNXH da ra ddi, biet tu bao ve va ldn manh ngay tai "san sau" eua de qude My; la ddi tiin phong md dudng cho nhan dan cic dan tdc My-La tinh diu tranh gianh ddc lap, tu do, nhan pham va tie'n bd xa hdi. Tfl nam 1959 din nay, dudi su lanh dao eua Dang va lanh tu Phiden Caxtrd, nhan dan Cuba da ghi them nhieu chien cdng trong bao ve To qude va xay dung CNXH. Mpi thu doan eua cac the luc thu dich, tfl thdng tin xuyen tae, ed lap ngoai giao, cim van thuong mai, bao vay kinh te' de'n de doa chien tranh va dd bd xam lupc vu trang, tit thay deu khdng khuit phuc ndi Cuba. Trii lai, hon 11 trieu nhan dan-ehiln si ca nudc da kien djnh va sing tao tren mpi mat tran. Mae du edn nhilu khd khan, ban ehi, nhung da't nude da cd mdt nin kinh te' edng- ndng nghiep vi djch vu vdi mdt so mui nhpn dat trinh dp cao (ky nghe bie'n ddi gien, cdng nghe sinh hpc, xay dung, du lieh, sin xuit xi ga, khai thac niken, ehi biln nudc hoa qua ). Tfl mdt thudc dja la chdn an choi, tieu xii cua tu ban ddc quyln My, Cuba da trd thanh mdt PGS, TS NGUYEN VIET THAO qudc gia phit triln vl mat xa hdi vdi su uu viet vupt bac vl giio due, y te, the thao, van hoa, nghe thuat Ty le mu ehfl giam tfl 30% xudng dudi 0,2% trong vdng 50 nam qua, 100% tre em dupe den trudng va giao due hoan toan miin phf, tudi thp binh quan cua ngudi dan hien nay dat 77,97 so vdi 59 tudi nam 1959 Vdi nhiing thanh tuu iy, hien thuc Cuba la bing ehflng sinh ddng khing dinh trong thi gidi duong dai, hoan toan ed thi va cin xay dung mdt xa hdi khic vdi xa hdi tu ban dl dem lai boa binh, ddc lap eho cac dan tdc va cude sdng a'm no, hanh phuc cho nhan dan. Vupi qua "thdi ky dac biet" khi Lien Xd tan ra, tfl nam 2005 den nay, kinh te' Cuba da vupt qua tinh trang suy thoai va budc vao thdi ky tang trudng kha. Day la nin kinh te' dat tdc dd tang trudng binh quan cao nhit d khu vue My- La tuih, dac biet nam 2006 dat tdc dd 12,5%. Khiu hieu chi dao boat ddng kinh te' eua dit nudc la: "San xuit ra nhilu nhit bing it ngudn luc nha't". Tren thuc te, san lupng dien san xuit tang tren 7%/nam trong khi nhu ciu tieu thu tang 4,2%/nam nhd ip dung nhilu bien phap tilt kiem. Thu hut diu tu nude ngoai cua Cuba tang 25-30%/nam lien tuc trong 2-3 nam qua, chu yeu vao cac nganh cdng nghiep dupe pham, khai thic diu khi, danh ci, viln thdng, xay dung va san xuit vat lieu xay dung. Ngoai thuong dat gii tri xuit khiu nam 2006 la 10,4 ty USD, tang 45% so vdi nam 2005; nam 2007 dat hon 11 ty USD va nam 2008 xip xi 13 ty USD. Chinh phu Cuba vfla thdng bio tim tha'y md dau d ngoai khoi Vjnh Mehicd vdi trfl 62 xay dyng Dang $61-2010 QUdCTf lupng hon 40 ty thung, bing trfl lupng cua My. Hiln tai, ca nude san xuit 60.000 thung diu/ngay, dip flng 1/2 nhu ciu trong nudc. Cuba hien ed quan he ngoai giao vdi 180 nudc, ed 143 van phdng dai dien d nude ngoai tai 116 nude tren the gidi. Su hien dien cua Cuba tai cic td chfle lien kit khu vuc ngay cang dupe eung ed. Cuba cd nhiing ddng gdp to ldn cho nhiing qudc gia dang phat trien, dang dao tao 53.000 sinh vien de'n tfl 89 nudc va gfli hang tram nghin giao vien, bae sT, nhan vien y titinh nguyen dl'n 103 qude gia tren the gidi. Tai cude hpp nam 2009 vfla qua, nam thfl 18 liln tilp. Lien hpp qudc thdng qua Nghj quye't "Su can thie't chim dflt cim van kinh te, thuong mai va tai chfnh cua My chdng Cuba" vdi su ung hd eua 187/192 nudc thanh vien. So philu ung hd trong nam nay tang 2 phieu so vdi nam ngoai, 3 nude bd phieu chdng va 2 nude bd philu tring. Trong nhiing nam qua. Dang va nhan dan Cflba kien dinh con dudng XHCN, nang ddng, sang tao trien khai eae cai cich kinh tl, xa hdi. Trong diin van tai Ll ky niem 54 nam cude tin edng Mdncada ngay 26-7-2007, Chii tjch Raun Caxtrd nlu ra nhilu vin dl cap bich va co ban ciia dit nudc, ddng thdi, keu gpi toan dan nghien cflu, thao luan, cho y kiln. Cac ting Idp nhan dan da sdi ndi thao luan trong sudt 2 thing 9 va 10. Thing 11, cac eo quan tmng uong tdng hpp cic y kiln va de'n thing 12, Ban Chip hanh Trung ucmg thong qua bao cao cudi eung. Tdng edng ed 5,1 trieu ngudi tham gia thao luan qua nhilu kenh khac nhau, trong dd cd hon 3,2 trieu y kiln phat bieu tai cac eudc hpp, hPn 1,3 trilu tham luan, trong dd hon 48% la y kien phe binh. Cic vin dl dupe quan tam nhilu nhat gdm: tinh hinh sin xuit luong thue, thue phim; chii truong thay thi nhap khiu; nang cao bilu qua san xuat, tmh hinh kinh tl-xa bdi; nhu cau tilt kiem flong tieu dung va sin xuit; tinh trang tham nhung va cic hanh vi pham tdi; edng tic qudc phdng; cdng tic can bd Ndi len tren hit la y chi quye't tam bao ve va xay dung thanh edng ehe dp XHCN. Vdi khiu hieu "Trd lai vdi dat dai dl san xuat nhilu hon!", Cuba da tan dung, khai thac ed hieu qua hon dien tich dit canh tic. Ca nudc ed khoang 6,6 trieu ha dit ndng nghiep, nhung ehi ed 2,9 trieu ha dupe canh tic. Sic lenh vl cai each ndng nghiep, khuye'n khich ndng dan san xuat nhim tang sin lupng luPng thuc quy djnh nhirng hp ndng dan chua ed da't canh tic se dupe nhan nhilu nhat la 13,42 ha dit de trdng trpt va chan nudi trong vdng 10 nam va se dupe gia ban tie'p 10 nam nfla. Nhiing hp nong dan canh tae ed hieu qua se dupe nhan tdi 40,26 ha. Ngudi sfl dung da't dupe hudng lpi nhuan tfl kit qua lao ddng cua minh, ddng thdi phai nop thue theo quy djnh. Chien lupc phat triln ndng nghiep, ndng thdn mdi dupe ban hanh khuyen khich san xuat tai mdi dja phupng, phii hpp vdi dae tinh rieng eua tiing vung va tan dung tdi da he thdng tudi tieu; tang cudng san xuit luong thyc, thyc pham dap flng nhu ciu tieu dung eua nhan dan. Chiln lupc se dupe thyc hien tiing bude, 16 huyen da dupe chpn dl thfl nghiem md hinh nay. Tai phien hpp ciia Qudc hdi ngay 11-7- 2009, Chii tjch Raun Caxtrd tuyen bd nhiing dilu ehinh dl phu hpp tinh hinh kinh tl thi gidi, theo dd Cuba se phai diu tu mdt each hpp ly nhiing ngudn luc it di bien ed. Chinh phu quylt djnh tang tudi lam viee them 5 nam ddi vdi ngudi lao ddng (nam 65, nfl 60), nhim giam thieu tic dpng eua tinh trang gia hda dan sd dang ngay cing tang; tiep tuc nghien cflu mdt each toan dien vin dl tiin luong de ed the timg bude tang luong cho ngudi lao ddng; buy bd cic bien phap kiem soat hanh chinh ddi vdi quy trinh san xuit ndng nghiep trude day; tang gii thu mua thjt va eae san pham sfla; cho phep ngudi dan dupe tu do tieu thu san phim eua minh; cho phep tu nhan trd lai tham gia xay dyng Dang $61-2010 63 QUdCT^ kinh doanh trong linh vuc van tai cung vdi viee Chinh phu chi 2 ty USD dl nang ca'p he thdng giao thdng cdng edng Chinh phu Cuba uu tien diu tu phat triln cdng nghe sinh hpc va dupe phim. Cuba da xuit khau 38 loai dupe pham tdi 40 nudc, trong dd cung cip miin phi cho nhilu nude dang phit triln. Kim ngach xua't khiu dupe phim Cuba da vupt cac mat hang truyen thdng nhu xi ga, rupu rum, dudng va bai sin. Nganh chan nudi bd, dae biet la sin xuat sfla trong nhiing thing gin day, ngoai viec cung cip sfla tuoi eho cac nha may, da dap flng du nhu ciu sfla tuoi cho nhan dan tai 60/89 huyen eua ea nudc. Cuba se khdng phai nhap khiu 5.600 ta'n sfla bdt trong nam nay. San lupng sfla nam 2008 dat 403 nghin lit; nam 2009 udc dat gin 500 nghin lit, so vdi 272 nghin lit nam 2006. Hdi nghj Trung uong 7 vfla qua da quye't dinh lui thdi diem td chfle Dai hdi VI eua Dang, trude du djnh vao cudi nam 2009. Nhiem vu cua nhiing ngudi cdng san va nhan dan Cuba hien nay la, vdi su tham gia rdng rai nha't cua quin chung, xac dinh CNXH ma Cuba mudn va Cuba cd the xay dyng dupe trong hoan canh hien tai va tuong lai cua dat nudc; md hinh kinh te vi lpi ich cua nhan dan va dam bao su khdng thi dao ngupc cua thi ehi chinh tri-xa hdi cua dat nudc la gi? Trung uong se ehuin bi du thao cac van kien, sau dd xin y kiln cua toan dan va Dai hdi VI ehi dupe td chfle khi qui trinh xay dyng eac van kien nay hoan tat. Dd se la mdt dai hdi ma dang vien va nhan dan cung thao luan mpi vin de cua da't nudc; se la mdt dai hdi that su cin thilt trong tinh hinh hien nay nhim giai quye't nhiing van dl trude mit va hudng din tuong lai. Quan be dac biet Viet Nam-Cuba la di sin quy biu cua hai dang, hai nha nudc va nhan dan hai nudc; la ta'm guong sang vl tinh hiiu nghj thuy ehung, trong sang. Trong thdi gian qua, mdi quan he iy tie'p tuc dupe cung cd va phat triln toan dien. Lanh dao hai ben cd nhilu nd lue ehi dao nang cao hieu qua eo che nhim phit huy tdi da tilm nang hpp tac gifla hai nudc, nhit la tren cic linh vuc mdi nude ed thi manh va ed tbi bd sung cho nhau dl cung phit triln nhu ndng nghiep, thuy san, san xuit bing tieu dung, diu khf, cdng nghe sinh hpc, xay dung, du Ijeh Cuba dl cao viee Viet Nam cung cap gao, triln khai cic du in trdng lua, ngd va dau ninh vdi so vdn len tdi 3,4 trieu USD, gdp phin giup Cuba hoan thanh Chuong trinh an ninh luong thue. Cac bd, nganh va doanh nghiep hai nude tich cue triln khai bieu qua cic thda thuan cip cao va cic van kien hpp tic song phucmg da ky kit, ddng thdi tim ra nhiing linh vuc va hinh thfle hpp tic mdi, phu hpp vdi dilu kien va hoan canh eua mdi nudc, nhim tflng bude dua quan be hpp tie kinh te-thuong mai len ngang tim mdi quan he chinh tri bet sfle tdt dep giua hai nude • Ttm Phong (Tiep ttieo trang 31) ' ' Tai Idp hpc nay se thanh lap 1 chi bd va day se la nin mdng cho viec phit trien dang viln trong ngudn can bd tre nay. Thuc hien 2 di an nay chic chin Hai Phdng se cd ngudn can bd lanh dao tfl Thanh phd de'n CO sd ddi dao, ke' tiep nhau vdi ty le can bd tre, can bd nfl phu hpp, cd du phim cha't, dao dfle, cd kinh nghiem va tiinh dp chuyen mdn vung vang trong su nghiep CNH, HDH Thanh phd va dat nudc. Hai de in la su cu the boa Nghi quyet Trung uong 3 khoa Vin va Nghj quyet Trung uong 9 khoa X vl chien lupc cin bd trong thdi ky diy manh CNH, HDH 0 Thanh phd Hai Phdng. Day la su van dung sing tao cua Hai Phdng, qua tiinh thuc hien se la qui trinh hoan thien va trao ddi kinh nghiem vdi cac dia phuong • 64 xay dyng Dang $61-2010 . niem 51 nam Quoc khanh Cuba (1-1-1959 -1-1-2010) CUBA KIEN DINH VA SANG TAG TREN CON Dl/CING XA HOI CHU NGHIA N am 2009 vfla khep lai, sy nghiep cich mang Cuba trdn tudi 50 va bude vao. dan Cuba da ghi them nhieu chien cdng trong bao ve To qude va xay dung CNXH. Mpi thu doan eua cac the luc thu dich, tfl thdng tin xuyen tae, ed lap ngoai giao, cim van thuong mai, bao vay. la chdn an choi, tieu xii cua tu ban ddc quyln My, Cuba da trd thanh mdt PGS, TS NGUYEN VIET THAO qudc gia phit triln vl mat xa hdi vdi su uu viet vupt bac vl giio due, y te, the thao, van