The GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA of Alternative MEDICINE SECOND EDITION JACQUELINE L. LONGE, PROJECT EDITOR VOLUME S-Z ORGANIZATIONS GLOSSARY GENERAL INDEX 4 GEAMv4htp/tp 10/11/04 11:53 AM Page 3 The Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine, Second Edition Project Editor Jacqueline L. Longe Editorial Deirdre S. Blanchfield, Laurie Fundukian, Erin Watts Editorial Support Services Andrea Lopeman Rights Acquisition Management Margaret Abendroth, Ann Taylor Imaging Randy Bassett, Lezlie Light, Dan W. Newell, Robyn V. Young Product Design Michelle DiMercurio, Tracey Rowens Composition and Electronic Prepress Evi Seoud, Mary Beth Trimper Manufacturing Wendy Blurton, Dorothy Maki Indexing Synapse Corp. of Colorado ©2005 Thomson Gale, a part of The Thomson Corporation. Thomson and Star Logo are trademarks and Gale is a registered trademark used herein under license. For more information, contact Thomson Gale 27500 Drake Rd. 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Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions. This title is also available as an e-book ISBN 7876-9396-0 (set) Contact your Gale sales representative for ordering information ISBN 0-7876-7424-9(set) 0-7876-7425-7 (Vol. 1) 0-7876-7426-5 (Vol. 2) 0-7876-7427-3 (Vol. 3) 0-7876-7428-1 (Vol. 4) Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA The Gale encyclopedia of alternative medicine / Jacqueline L. Longe, project editor 2nd ed. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7876-7424-9 (set hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN 0-7876-7425-7 (v. 1 : alk. paper) ISBN 0-7876-7426-5 (v. 2 : alk. paper) ISBN 0-7876-7427-3 (v. 3 : alk. paper) ISBN 0-7876-7428-1 (v. 4 : alk. paper) 1. Alternative medicine Encyclopedias. [DNLM: 1. Complementary Therapies Encyclopedias English. 2. Internal Medicine Encyclopedias English. WB 13 G1507 2005] I. Title: Encyclopedia of alternative medicine. II. Longe, Jacqueline L. R733.G34 2005 615.5'03 dc22 2004022502 GEAM FM 10/12/04 2:25 PM Page iv GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2 V CONTENTS List of Entries vii About the Encyclopedia xvii Advisory Board xix Contributors xxi Entries Volume 1: A-C 1 Volume 2: D-K 523 Volume 3: L-R 1029 Volume 4: S-Z 1523 Organizations 2199 Glossary 2225 General Index 2293 GEAM FM 10/12/04 2:25 PM Page v A Abscess Acidophilus Acne Aconite Acupressure Acupuncture Ademetionine Adie’s pupil African pygeum Agastache Aging AIDS Alcoholism Alexander technique Alfalfa Alisma Allergies Allium cepa Aloe Alpha-hydroxy Alzheimer’s disease Amino acids Andrographis Androstenedione Anemarrhena Anemia Angelica root Angina Anise Ankylosing spondylitis Anorexia nervosa Anthroposophical medicine Antioxidants Anxiety Bates method Bayberry Bedsores Bedwetting Bee pollen Behavioral optometry Behavioral therapy Belladonna Beta-hydroxy Beta-methylbutyric acid Beta carotene Betaine hydrochloride Bhakti yoga Bilberry Binge eating disorder Biofeedback Bioflavonoids Biota Biotin Bipolar disorder Bird flu Bites and stings Bitter melon Bitters Black cohosh Black currant seed oil Black haw Black walnut Black cumin seed extract Bladder cancer Bladder infection Blessed thistle Blisters Blood poisoning Blood clots Bloodroot Apis Apitherapy Appendicitis Applied kinesiology Apricot seed Arginine Arnica Aromatherapy Arrowroot Arsenicum album Art therapy Ashwaganda Asthma Astigmatism Aston-Patterning Astragalus Atherosclerosis Athlete’s foot Atkins diet Atractylodes (white) Attention-deficit hyperactivity dis- order Aucklandia Auditory integration training Aura therapy Auriculotherapy Autism Ayurvedic medicine B Bad breath Balm of Gilead Barberry Barley grass GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2 VII LIST OF ENTRIES GEAM FM 10/12/04 2:25 PM Page vii Blue cohosh Body odor Boils Bone spurs Bonemeal Boneset Borage oil Boron Boswellia Botanical medicine Breast cancer Breastfeeding problems Breath therapy Breema Brewer’s yeast Bromelain Bronchitis Bruises Bruxism Bryonia Buchu Buckthorn Bugleweed Bulimia nervosa Bunions Burdock root Burns Bursitis Butcher’s broom Buteyko C Cadmium poisoning Caffeine Calcarea carbonica Calcium Calendula Cancer Cancer treatments, biological Candidiasis Canker sores Cantharis Carnitine Carotenoids Carpal tunnel syndrome Coenzyme Q 10 Coix Cold sores Coleus Colic Colloidal silver Colonic irrigation Color therapy Colorectal cancer Colostrum Coltsfoot Comfrey Common cold Conjunctivitis Constipation Contact dermatitis Copper Coptis Cordyceps Corns and calluses Cornsilk Cornus Corydalis Cotton root bark Cough Cradle cap Cramp bark Cranberry Craniosacral therapy Creatine Crohn’s disease Croup Crystal healing Cupping Curanderismo Cuscuta Cuts and scratches Cymatic therapy Cyperus D Damiana Dance therapy Dandelion Dandruff Cartilage supplements Castor oil Cat’s claw Cataracts Catnip Cayce systems Cayenne Celiac disease Cell therapy Cell salt therapy Cellulite Cerebral vascular insufficiency Cerebral palsy Cervical dysplasia Chakra balancing Chamomile Charcoal, activated Chasteberry tree Chelated minerals Chelation therapy Chemical poisoning Cherry bark Chickenpox Chickweed Chicory Childbirth Childhood nutrition Chills Chinese massage Chinese system of food cures Chinese thoroughwax Chinese yam Chinese foxglove root Chiropractic Chlamydia Chlorella Cholesterol Chondroitin Christian Science healing Chromium Chronic fatigue syndrome Chrysanthemum flower Chymotrypsin Cicada Cinnamon bark Cirrhosis Cnidium seeds Codonopsis root GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2 VIII List of Entries GEAM FM 10/12/04 2:25 PM Page viii Deglycyrrhizanated licorice Dementia Depression Dermatitis Detoxification Devil’s claw DHEA Diabetes mellitus Diamond diet Diaper rash Diarrhea Diathermy Diets Digestive enzymes Diverticulitis Dizziness Dolomite Dong quai Dry mouth Dyslexia Dysmenorrhea E Ear infection Earache Echinacea Eczema Edema Elder Electroacupuncture Elimination diet Emphysema Endometriosis Energy medicine Environmental therapy Enzyme therapy Ephedra Epididymitis Epilepsy Epimedium Essential fatty acids Essential oils Essiac tea Eucalyptus Eucommia bark Gelsemium Genital herpes Genital warts Gentiana Geriatric massage Gerson therapy Ginger Ginkgo biloba Ginseng, American Ginseng, Korean Ginseng, Siberian Glaucoma Glucosamine Glutamine Glutathione Goldenrod Goldenseal Gonorrhea Gotu kola Gout Grains-of-paradise fruit Grape skin Grape seed extract Grapefruit seed extract Green tea Guggul Guided imagery Gulf War syndrome Gum disease Gymnema H Hair loss Hangover Hatha yoga Hawthorn Hay fever Headache Hearing loss Heart disease Heart attack Heartburn Heavy metal poisoning Heel spurs Hellerwork Evening primrose oil Evodia fruit Exercise Eyebright F Facial massage Fasting Fatigue Feldenkrais Feng shui Fennel Fenugreek Ferrum phosphoricum Fever Feverfew Fibrocystic breast disease Fibromyalgia Fish oil 5-HTP Flaxseed Flower remedies Fo ti Folic acid Food poisoning Foxglove Fractures French green clay Fritillaria Frostbite and frostnip Fungal infections G Gallstones Gamma-linoleic acid Gangrene Ganoderma Gardenia Garlic Gas Gastritis Gastrodia Gastroenteritis GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2 IX List of Entries GEAM FM 10/12/04 2:25 PM Page ix Hemorrhoids Hepar sulphuris Hepatitis Herbalism, Western Herbalism, traditional Chinese Herniated disk Hiatal hernia Hibiscus Hiccups High sensitivity C reactive protein test High-fiber diet Hives Hodgkin’s disease Holistic dentistry Holistic medicine Homeopathy Homeopathy, acute prescribing Homeopathy, constitutional pre- scribing Honeysuckle Hops Horehound Horse chestnut Horsetail Hot flashes Humor therapy Huna Hydrotherapy Hypercortisolemia Hyperopia Hyperparathyroidism Hypertension Hyperthermia Hyperthyroidism Hypnotherapy Hypoglycemia Hypothyroidism Hyssop I Iceland moss Ignatia Immuno-augmentation therapy Impetigo Impotence Indigestion L Labyrinth walking Lachesis Lacto-ovo vegetarianism Laryngitis Lavender Lazy eye Lead poisoning Learning disorders Lecithin Ledum Lemon balm Lemongrass Leukemia Lice infestation Licorice Light therapy Linoleic acid Livingston-Wheeler therapy Lobelia Lomatium Lomilomi Lou Gehrig’s disease Low back pain Lung cancer Lutein Lycium fruit Lycopene Lycopodium Lyme disease Lymphatic drainage Lysimachia Lysine M Macrobiotic diet Macular degeneration Magnesium Magnetic therapy Magnolia Maitake Malaria Malignant lymphoma Manganese Infant massage Infections Infertility Inflammatory bowel disease Influenza Ingrown nail Insomnia Insulin resistance Iodine Ipecac Ipriflavone Iridology Iron Irritable bowel syndrome Ischemia Itching J Jaundice Jet lag Jock itch Jojoba oil Journal therapy Juice therapies Juniper Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis K Kali bichromicum Kampo medicine Kaposi’s sarcoma Kava kava Kegel exercises Kelley-Gonzalez diet Kelp Kidney stones Kidney infections Kirlian photography Knee pain Kneipp wellness Kola nut Kombucha Kudzu GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2 X List of Entries GEAM FM 10/12/04 2:25 PM Page x Marijuana Marsh mallow Martial arts Massage therapy McDougall diet Measles Meditation Mediterranean diet Medium-chain triglycerides Melatonin Memory loss Meniere’s disease Meningitis Menopause Menstruation Mercurius vivus Mesoglycan Metabolic therapies Methionine Mexican yam Migraine headache Milk thistle Mind/Body medicine Mistletoe Mononucleosis Morning sickness Motherwort Motion sickness Movement therapy Moxibustion MSM Mugwort leaf Mullein Multiple chemical sensitivity Multiple sclerosis Mumps Muscle spasms and cramps Music therapy Myopia Myotherapy Myrrh N Narcolepsy Native American medicine Panchakarma Pancreatitis Panic disorder Pantothenic acid Parasitic infections Parkinson’s disease Parsley Passionflower Past-life therapy Pau d’arco Pelvic inflammatory disease Pennyroyal Peppermint Peripheral neuropathy Periwinkle Pet therapy Phlebitis Phobias Phosphorus Pilates Pinched nerve Pine bark extract Pinellia Pityriasis rosea Placebo effect Plantain Pleurisy Pneumonia Polarity therapy Postpartum depression Post-traumatic stress disorder Potassium Pranic healing Prayer and spirituality Pregnancy Pregnancy massage Premenstrual syndrome Prickly heat Prickly pear cactus Pritikin diet Probiotics Prolotherapy Prostate enlargement Prostate cancer Psoriasis Psychoneuroimmunology Psychophysiology Psychosomatic medicine Natrum muriaticum Natural hygiene diet Natural hormone replacement ther- apy Naturopathic medicine Nausea Neck pain Neem Nettle Neural therapy Neuralgia Neurolinguistic programming Niacin Night blindness Noni Nosebleeds Notoginseng root Nutmeg Nutrition Nux vomica O Oak Obesity Obsessive-compulsive disorder Omega-3 fatty acids Omega-6 fatty acids Ophiopogon Oregano essential oil Ornish diet Ortho-bionomy Orthomolecular medicine Osha Osteoarthritis Osteopathy Osteoporosis Ovarian cancer Ovarian cysts Oxygen/Ozone therapy P Pain Paleolithic diet GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2 XI List of Entries GEAM FM 10/12/04 2:25 PM Page xi Psychotherapy Psyllium Pulsatilla Pulse diagnosis Pyridoxine Q Qigong Quan yin R Rabies Radiation injuries Radiesthesia Radionics Rashes Raspberry Raynaud’s syndrome Red cedar Red clover Red yeast rice extract Reflexology Reiki Reishi mushroom Relaxation Rescue Remedy Restless leg syndrome Retinal detachment Retinopathy Rheumatic fever Rheumatoid arthritis Rhinitis Rhubarb root Rhus toxicodendron Riboflavin Rolfing Rosacea Rose hip Rosemary Rosen method Royal jelly Rubella Rubenfeld synergy Sneezing Snoring Sodium Somatics Sore throat Sound therapy South Beach diet Soy protein Spearmint Spinal manipulative therapy Spirulina Sports massage Sprains and strains Squawvine St. John’s wort Staphylococcal infections Sties Stomachaches Stone massage Strep throat Stress Stroke Substance abuse and dependence Sulfur Suma Sun’s soup Sunburn Swedish massage Sweet clover Swimmer’s ear Syntonic optometry Syphilis Systemic lupus erythematoses T T’ai chi Tangerine peel Tea tree oil Teenage nutrition Teething problems Temporomandibular joint syn- drome Tendinitis Tennis elbow Tetanus Thai massage Russian massage Ruta S Safflower flower Saffron Sage Saliva sample testing Sargassum seaweed Sassafras Saw palmetto Scabies Scallion Scarlet fever Schisandra Schizophrenia Sciatica Scoliosis Seasonal affective disorder Selenium Senior nutrition Senna Sensory deprivation Sensory integration disorder Sepia Sesame oil Sexual dysfunction Shamanism Sheep sorrel Shiatsu Shiitake mushroom Shin splints Shingles Shintaido Sick building syndrome Sickle cell anemia Silica Sinus infection Sjögren’s syndrome Skin cancer Skullcap Sleep apnea Sleep disorders Slippery elm Smoking GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2 XII List of Entries GEAM FM 10/12/04 2:25 PM Page xii Therapeutic touch Thiamine Thuja Thunder God vine Thyme Tibetan medicine Tinnitus Tonsillitis Toothache Tourette syndrome Toxic shock syndrome Traditional African medicine Traditional Chinese medicine Trager psychophysical integration Tremors Trepanation Trichomoniasis Trigger point therapy Triphala Tuberculosis Turmeric U Ulcers, digestive Unani-tibbi Urinary incontinence Urine therapy Usnea Wheezing White peony root White willow Whooping cough Wigmore diet Wild cherry Wild oat Wild yam Wintergreen Witch hazel Worms Wormwood Wounds Y Yarrow Yeast infection Yellow dock Yerba santa Yoga Yohimbe Yucca Z Zinc Zone diet Uterine cancer Uterine fibroids Uva ursi V Vaginitis Valerian Vanadium Varicose veins Veganism Vegetarianism Venom immunotherapy Vitamin A Vitamin B complex Vitamin B 12 Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Vomiting W Warts Wasabi Wheat grass therapy Wheat germ GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2 XIII List of Entries GEAM FM 10/12/04 2:25 PM Page xiii [...]... person’s skin The female mite may be found at one end of the burrow, as a tiny pearl-like bump underneath the skin Because of the intense itching, burrows may be obscured by scratch marks left by the patient The most common locations for burrows include the sides of the fingers, between the fingers, the top of the wrists, around the elbows and armpits, around the nipples of the breasts in women, in the genitalia... tiny, 0.3 mm-long, parasitic insect called a mite When a human comes into contact with the female mite, the mite burrows under the skin, laying eggs along the lines of its burrow These eggs hatch, and the resulting offspring rise to the surface of the skin; mate; and repeat the cycle either within the skin of the original host; or within the skin of its next victim, causing red lesions The intense... sage each day during the month of May to assure immortality Although it failed to live up to this promise, sage was traditionally planted on graves GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2 1777 ORGANIZATIONS Office of Dietary Supplements National Institutes of Health Building 31, Room 1B25 31 Center Drive, MSC 2086 Bethesda, MD 2089 2-2 086 (301) 43 5-2 920 Fax: (301) 48 0-1 845 http://odp.od.nih.gov/ods/... unintended effect of making the generGALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2 In March 20 04, the FDA approved saliva sample testing for HIV Home-based test kits have been approved by the FDA for use in determining ovulation Many other tests were under constant experimentation or in the approval process throughout the early twenty-first century Manufacturers must go through an exhaustive process of clinical... four and eight years of age In temperate climates, scarlet fever is most common during the late fall, winter, and early spring Abramovitz, D., et al “Allicin-Induced Decrease in Formation of Fatty Streaks (Atherosclerosis) in Mice Fed a Choles- Scarlet fever is characterized by a sore throat, a fever of 103–1 04 F (39 .4 40 °C), and a sandpaper-like rash on 1792 GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE... nurses, and other complementary healthcare professionals GEAM medical advisors reviewed over 95% of the completed essays to insure that they are appropriate, up-to-date, and medically accurate How to Use this Book The Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine has been designed with ready reference in mind: • Straight alphabetical arrangement allows users to locate information quickly XVII About the Encyclopedia. .. aspects of any topic, including Latin names • Cross-references placed throughout the encyclopedia direct readers to where information on subjects without their own entries can be found Synonyms are also cross-referenced Graphics • A Resources section directs users to sources of further complementary medical information XVIII The Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine is enhanced with over 45 0 images,... the United States, the medicinal uses of saw palmetto were first documented in 1879 by Dr J.B Read, a physician in Savannah, Georgia, who published a paper on the medicinal benefits of the herb in the April 1879 issue of the American Journal of Pharmacy He found the herb useful in treating a wide range of conditions “By its peculiar soothing power on the mucous membrane it induces sleep, relieves the. .. tables, and customized line drawings Each volume contains a color insert of 64 important herbs, remedies, and supplements GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2 ADVISORY BOARD An advisory board made up of prominent individuals from complementary medical communities provided invaluable assistance in the formulation of this encyclopedia They defined the scope of coverage and reviewed individual entries... preferable alternative GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2 Preparations Saffron is harvested by drying the orange stigma of the Crocus sativus flower over fire Over 200,000 crocus stigmas must be harvested to produce one pound of saffron This volume makes the herb extremely expensive, and it is often cut with other substances of a similar color (e.g., marigold) to keep the price down Because . information ISBN 0-7 87 6-7 42 4- 9 (set) 0-7 87 6-7 42 5-7 (Vol. 1) 0-7 87 6-7 42 6-5 (Vol. 2) 0-7 87 6-7 42 7-3 (Vol. 3) 0-7 87 6-7 42 8-1 (Vol. 4) Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. paper) ISBN 0-7 87 6-7 42 5-7 (v. 1 : alk. paper) ISBN 0-7 87 6-7 42 6-5 (v. 2 : alk. paper) ISBN 0-7 87 6-7 42 7-3 (v. 3 : alk. paper) ISBN 0-7 87 6-7 42 8-1 (v. 4 : alk. paper) 1. Alternative medicine Encyclopedias. [DNLM:. Hotline: 24 8-6 9 9-8 006 or 80 0-8 7 7 -4 253, ext. 8006 Fax: 24 8-6 9 9-8 0 74 or 80 0-7 6 2 -4 058 Since this page cannot legibly accommodate all copyright notices, the acknowledgments con- stitute an extension of the