[...]... performance and accountability and their role in achieving both The fourth section of the book provides an integrated discussion of performance measurement, accountability, and citizen participation and attempts to demonstrate how the strategic alignment of these critical concepts can lead to more effective governance And, finally, the fifth section of the book provides in-depth case studies of a variety of efforts... PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTABILITY 5 Public Sector Accountability 107 What Exactly Do We Mean by Public Sector Accountability? 109 Accountability, Responsibility, and Obligation 110 Approaches to Accountability and Accountability Frameworks 112 Traditional Accountability 113 Multiple and Competing Expectations 114 Bureaucratic Accountability 114 Legal Accountability 115 Professional Accountability. .. of accountability, government performance, and citizen participation I wrestled with these questions myself, and I struggled with the dilemmas associated with each of these concepts as I wrote this book I am an advocate of direct citizen participation, I recognize the value of performance measurement and the importance of public sector accountability; however, I found myself questioning the value of. .. Reform 151 Democratic Theory and Citizen Participation 153 Direct and Indirect Participation 156 Rationale for Public Participation 157 Conventional Participation 158 Problems with Conventional Participation 161 Collaborative Governance 161 The Dilemmas of Citizen Participation 166 Conclusion 168 References 169 8 Models of Participation 173 Models of Citizen Participation 175 From Active to Passive... multiple levels of reporting, the use of aggregate and disaggregate data, the importance of focusing on a few compelling measures, and the use of comparisons for assessing performance Numerous examples of effective performance reporting and graphical displays of data representation are also included in this chapter Throughout this section of the book the importance of ef fectively measuring and communicating... Accountability 115 Political Accountability 116 Compliance, Performance, and Capacity 116 Finances, Fairness, and Performance 117 Accountability Environment 118 Accountability Relationships and Behaviors 120 Conclusion 122 References 123 6 Accountability Dilemmas .125 The Dilemma of Meaning 125 Accountability, the Word Accountability, the Concept 126 Administrative Rhetoric and Reform 127 Accountability Paradox... agencies and organizations, determining the desired results can be difficult The mission of the Department of Homeland Security is “We will lead the unified national effort to secure America We will prevent and deter terrorist attacks and protect against and respond to threats and hazards to the nation We will ensure safe and secure borders, welcome lawful immigrants and visitors, and promote the free flow of. .. life of its own in many public organizations as separate departments have been established for the sole purpose of collecting and reporting data on government performance Critics complain that too much time and money are being invested in measuring 1   AU7096_S001.fm  Page 2  Thursday, August 3, 2006  8:18 AM 2 Ⅲ Elements of Effective Governance the outcomes of government and instead that time and money... honest and dishonest, fair and unfair; yet relying too much and too often on any word reduces its long-term value and credibility The reality in today’s managerial environment is that many public administrators feel the pressure of the word accountability, not the obligation of the concept of accountability The expectation to measure everything they do and to give detailed accounts of their performance has... assistant professor of public administration at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Campus at Newark Professor Callahan publishes on the topics of citizen participation, gover nment performance, and public sector accountability Her research has been published in the Public Administration Review, Public Performance and Management Review, International Review of Public Administration, the Journal of . Hildreth, and Gerald J. Miller 125. Handbook of Public Policy Analysis, edited by Frank Fischer, Gerald J. Miller, and Mara S. Sidney 126. Elements of Effective Governance: Measurement, Accountability. w1 h1" alt="" Elements of Effective Governance Measurement, Accountability and Participation AU7096_C000.fm Page i Friday, September 8, 2006 10:11 AM PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND PUBLIC POLICY A. U.S.A. CRC is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Boca Raton London New York Elements of Effective Governance Measurement, Accountability and Participation AU7096_C000.fm