Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za This volume is compiled and funded by the Department of Social Development, Western Cape Provincial Government Published by HSRC Press Private Bag X9182, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa www.hsrcpress.ac.za First published 2008 ISBN 978-0-7969-2226-7 © 2008 Human Sciences Research Council Copyedited by Robyn Arnold Typeset by Robin Taylor Cover design by Jenny Young Print management by comPress Distributed in Africa by Blue Weaver Tel: +27 (0) 21 701 4477; Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7302 www.oneworldbooks.com Distributed in Europe and the United Kingdom by Eurospan Distribution Services (EDS) Tel: +44 (0) 20 7240 0856; Fax: +44 (0) 20 7379 0609 www.eurospanbookstore.com Distributed in North America by Independent Publishers Group (IPG) Call toll-free: (800) 888 4741; Fax: +1 (312) 337 5985 www.ipgbook.com Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za  Tables vii Figures x Acknowledgements xiii Acronyms and abbreviations xv ฀ Introduction฀ 1 Ravayi Marindo 1฀ Western฀Cape:฀an฀overview฀ 7฀ Cornie Groenewald 2฀ ฀Population฀and฀planning฀in฀the฀Western฀Cape:฀฀ a฀policy฀review฀ 25฀ Shahid Solomon 3฀ ฀Under-five฀mortality฀in฀the฀Western฀Cape฀ province฀ 47฀ Nancy Stiegler 4฀ ฀Adult฀mortality฀in฀the฀Western฀Cape:฀฀ an฀example฀from฀Cape฀Town฀metro฀ 65฀ Nesbert Zinyakatira 5฀ ฀Levels,฀trends฀and฀determinants฀of฀child฀ maltreatment฀in฀the฀Western฀Cape฀province฀ 97฀ Andrew Dawes and Catherine L Ward 6฀ ฀Population฀ageing฀in฀the฀Western฀Cape฀ province฀ 127฀ Bärbel Haldenwang 7฀ ฀Foreign-born฀and฀non-citizen฀populations฀in฀ the฀Western฀Cape฀(1996–2006):฀a฀demographic฀ overview฀ 151฀ Ravayi Marindo 8฀ ฀Population,฀HIV/AIDS฀and฀the฀provision฀of฀ health฀care฀in฀the฀Western฀Cape฀ 175฀ Najma Shaikh 9฀ ฀Population฀and฀education฀in฀the฀Western฀ Cape฀ 197฀ Jean Baxen Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za 10฀ ฀Population฀and฀development฀interrelationships:฀ global฀perspectives฀ 221฀ Sam Gaisie Conclusion฀ 239฀ Ravayi Marindo and Siyanda Saki Contributors฀ 242 Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za vii  Table 1.1. Surface area and population of the Western Cape, by district municipality (1996 and 2001) 8 Table 1.2. Comparison of population numbers and growth between the Western Cape and South Africa (1996, 2001 and 2007) 11 Table 1.3. Estimated migration into and out of the Western Cape (2001–2006 and 2006–2011) 12 Table 1.4. Population estimate for the Western Cape (2007) 17 Table 1.5. Population, by population group, for South Africa and the Western Cape (1996, 2001 and 2007) 19 Table 1.6. Language composition for South Africa and the Western Cape, by district municipality (2001) 20 Table 2.1. High-level targets of the Western Cape PGDS (2006–2014) 37 Table 3.1. Period life table for the Western Cape 51 Table 3.2. Probability of dying, by generation 52 Table 3.3. Survivals per 1 000 births, by generation 53 Table 3.4. Infant mortality and under-five mortality rates in the Western Cape (1997–2004) 54 Table 3.5. Neonatal infant mortality rate in the Western Cape, by period (2006) 55 Table 3.6. Neonatal infant mortality rate in the Western Cape, by period (2007) 55 Table 3.7. Distribution of dead infants, by period, during first month of life per 100 neonatal deaths in the Western Cape (2006) 55 Table 3.8. Distribution of dead infants, by period, during first month of life per 100 neonatal deaths in the Western Cape (2007) 56 Table 3.9. Proportion of dying babies (less than one year old), by weight (2006 and 2007) 56 Table 3.10. Proportion of infant deaths per 1 000 live births in the Western Cape, by health facility sector (2006) 57 Table 3.11. Proportion of infant deaths per 1 000 live births in the Western Cape, by health facility sector (2007) 57 Table 3.12. Proportion of infant deaths, by medical institution, in the Western Cape per 1 000 live births at each institution (2006) 57 Table 3.13. Proportion of infant deaths, by medical institution, in the Western Cape per 1 000 live births at each institution (2007) 58 Table 3.14. Distribution of deliveries, by place of delivery, per 100 deliveries in the Western Cape (2006) 58 Table 3.15. Distribution of deliveries, by place of delivery, per 100 deliveries in the Western Cape (2007) 58 Table 3.16. Distribution of infant deaths in South Africa, by reason of death and age period (1995–1996) 59 Table 3A1. Lexis diagram: live births and deaths in the Western Cape (1998–2004) 63 Table 4.1. Completeness of adult death registration (2001) 74 Table 4.2. Mortality rates between the ages of 15 and 60 ( 45 M 15 ) for females 87 Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za viii Table 4.3. Mortality rates between the ages of 15 and 60 ( 45 M 15 ) for males 89 Table 4A1. Female average completeness ratios for adults aged 15+ (1996–2004) 92 Table 4A2. Male average completeness ratios for adults aged 15+ (1996–2004) 92 Table 4A3. Age and sex mortality rates for Cape Town (1996–2004) 93 Table 5.1. Summary of key research studies and reports in the public domain relevant to child maltreatment in the Western Cape (2000–2005) 107 Table 5.2. Sexual assault incidence rates per 1 000 children, aged 0–13 years, by health region 111 Table 5.3. Children’s Court Inquiry (CCI) incidence rates, per 1 000 children (2002–2005) 113 Table 5.4. The elements of a protective environment (UNICEF) 117 Table 6.1. Age composition of the Western Cape population, by sex and population group (1996 and 2001) 129 Table 6.2. Population ageing indices of the Western Cape, by population group (1996 and 2001) 132 Table 6.3. Median age and life expectancy at age 65 years of the Western Cape population, by sex and population group (1996 and 2001) 133 Table 6.4. Projected population of the Western Cape, by population group (2005– 2025) 137 Table 7.1. Population density in the Western Cape district municipalities (1996, 2001 and 2007) 154 Table 7.2. Foreign-born population in the highest immigration countries in the world (1990s–2000s rounds of censuses) 158 Table 7.3. Foreign-born population, by province of enumeration and country of birth (2001) 160 Table 7.4. Foreign-born population in the Western Cape, by racial group (2001) 161 Table 7.5. Foreign-born population in the Western Cape, by country of birth and district municipality (2001) 163 Table 7.6. Non-citizen population in the Western Cape, by country of citizenship (2001) 164 Table 7.7. Non-citizen population in the Western Cape, by gender and citizenship (2001) 165 Table 7.8. Demographic indicators (2001) 170 Table 8.1. HIV prevalence, by locality type, in the Western Cape (2005) 179 Table 8.2. HIV projections for the Western Cape (2006–2010) 184 Table 8.3. Projected AIDS orphans in the Western Cape (2006–2011) 184 Table 9.1. National profile of total learner, teacher and school ratios, by type of school 199 Table 9.2. Number and type of schools, teachers and learner–teacher ratio in the Western Cape (2006) 200 Table 9.3. Learners in the Western Cape, by phase (2006) 200 Table 9.4. Learners in the Western Cape, by grade (2006) 201 Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za ix Table 9.5. Proportional indicators of educational levels in the Western Cape (1995 and 2002) 202 Table 9.6. Western Cape and total South African population, by racial group (2001) 202 Table 9.7. Source of water supply 203 Table 9.8. Source of energy supply 204 Table 9.9. Sewage disposal 204 Table 9.10. Site security 204 Table 9.11. Employment status of communities (2001) 206 Table 9.12. Highest level of education among those aged 20+ years 206 Table 9.13. Annual household income (2001) 206 Table 9.14: Occupation, by geographical location (2001) 207 Table 9.15. Type of housing unit (2001) 207 Table 9.16. Toilet facilities (2001) 208 Table 9.17. Main water supply (2001) 208 Table 9.18. Energy source for cooking (2001) 208 Table 9.19. Mode of transport (2001) 209 Table 9.20. Provincial HIV prevalence estimates among antenatal clinic attendees in South Africa (2004–2006) 212 Table 9.21. Types of training and workshops on HIV/AIDS attended (2004) 215 Table 10.1. Population, GDP and productivity in 16 more developed countries (1870 and 1987) 229 Table 10.2. Key indicators of development related to population and economic growth 231 Table 10.3. Population and economic growth in sub-Saharan African countries 232 Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za x Figure 1.1. Western Cape province and its district municipalities 8 Figure 1.2. Total rainfall in South Africa (July 2005–June 2006) 10 Figure 1.3. Migration into and within the Western Cape, by district municipality (1996–2001) 13 Figure 1.4. Migrants from other provinces to the Western Cape, by district municipality (1996–2001) 14 Figure 1.5. Migrants within the Western Cape that moved to district municipalities (1996–2001) 15 Figure 1.6. Growth of the Western Cape district municipalities (1996–2001) 16 Figure 1.7. Growth by population group in the Western Cape (1996–2001) 16 Figure 1.8. Age–sex pyramid for the Western Cape (2007) 18 Figure 1.9. Sex ratios by race for South Africa and the Western Cape (2006) 18 Figure 1.10. Educational status of population 20 years and older for South Africa and the Western Cape (2006) 20 Figure 1.11. Unemployment status by province (2006) 21 Figure 1.12. Informal dwellings in South Africa and the Western Cape (2002–2006) 21 Figure 1.13. Poverty index by province (1996–2001) 22 Figure 3.1. Mosley/Chen model 49 Figure 3.2. Mosley/Chen model modified by Barbieri 50 Figure 4.1. Population distribution of the City of Cape Town (1996 and 2001) 70 Figure 4.2. Completeness of vital registration, by age (2001) and completeness trends in Cape Town (1996–2004) 73 Figure 4.3. Age-specific mortality rates per thousand in Cape Town, by sex (1996–2004) 75 Figure 4.4. Communicable mortality rates per thousand in Cape Town (1996–2004) 76 Figure 4.5. Non-communicable mortality rates per thousand in Cape Town (1996–2004) 77 Figure 4.6. Injury mortality rates per thousand in Cape Town (1996–2004) 78 Figure 4.7. Ill-defined mortality rates per thousand in Cape Town (1996–2004) 79 Figure 4.8. Age-specific female and male mortality rates per thousand in the Central health district (1996–2004) 80 Figure 4.9. Age-specific female and male mortality rates per thousand in the Eastern health district (1996–2004) 81 Figure 4.10. Age-specific female and male mortality rates per thousand in the Khayelitsha health district (1996–2004) 82 Figure 4.11. Age-specific female and male mortality rates per thousand in the Klipfontein health district (1996–2004) 83 Figure 4.12. Age-specific female and male mortality rates per thousand in the Mitchells Plain health district (1996–2004) 84 Figure 4.13. Age-specific female and male mortality rates per thousand in the Northern Panorama health district (1996–2004) 85  Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za [...]... of nine provinces that make up the Republic of South Africa It is located in the south -western part of the country and is the southernmost part of the continent of Africa Before 1994, under the apartheid regime, it formed part of the Cape Province After 1994, the Cape Province was divided into three new provinces, namely the Western Cape, Eastern Cape and Northern Cape The current Western Cape province. .. www.hsrcpress.ac.za Introduction Ravayi Marindo Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za The main purpose in writing the State of the population in the Western Cape province report is to bring together various topics on population and development in order to evaluate and monitor the progress of the Western Cape province in implementing the national population policy (DSD 1998) By using official statistics, the report... to the erstwhile Regional Development Areas of the 1980s (Bridgman et al 1992: 2) In this sense, the Western Cape coincides by and large with the old region A of the Cape Province of the apartheid period, with the exception of the far northern part known as Namaqualand, which was allocated to the Northern Cape province in 1994 The Western Cape s current boundaries with adjoining provinces and its internal... early intervention, statutory intervention and re-integration By providing population information for the Western Cape province, this report addresses the first level of intervention, which is creating awareness By bringing together various population development issues, the report creates awareness of the role of population in influencing sustainable development The report therefore addresses the integrated... 1.2) The Western Cape is one of only two provinces that have strengthened their share over this period; the other is the province of Gauteng The Western Cape s population growth rate per annum over the inter-census period of 1996–2001 was 2.7%, which is higher than the national growth rate of 2.0% Since 2001, the growth rate of the Western Cape population has declined fractionally to 2.6%, while the. .. www.hsrcpress.ac.za The spatial development framework identifies the areas where growth is taking place and where it should take place in the future in terms of a sustainable development paradigm The state of the population report provides a clear description of where population is growing in the province Since population is one of the drivers of development, the report provides critical information that informs the. .. pyramids of the Western Cape population (2001) 131 Figure 6.2 Population pyramids of the Western Cape population (2025) 136 Figure 6.3 Projected age structure of the Western Cape population, by population group (2005–2025) 137 Figure 6.4 Projected median age of the Western Cape population, by population group (2005–2025) 141 Figure 6.5 Projected life expectancy at age 65 years of the Western Cape population, ... planning He also discusses the population legacy of apartheid planning, and concludes by stating that although much has been achieved post 1994 to integrate population into planning, there is further need for the following: making the link between population and planning more managerial, tackling departmentalism with outcome measurement, and building and strengthening the population research capacity of. .. plans must aim to improve the quality of life of all people and populations The syllable ‘demo’ in the word ‘demography’ means the people’ Without understanding the state of the population or the variables impacting and impacted on by population, how can we adequately plan a better life for people? From the perspective of the Department of Social Development, the state of the population report identifies... Western Cape exhibit a remarkable coincidence with an imaginary line known during the apartheid era as the ‘Eiselen line’, or the Western Cape substitution line The line indicated an area to the west of this imagined line as a coloured labour preference area (Eiselen n.d.; Giliomee & Schlemmer 1985; 3; Smit & Booysen 1981: 32) During the apartheid era, if black Africans did 8 not qualify in terms of the . www.hsrcpress.ac.za 1 Introduction Ravayi Marindo The main purpose in writing the State of the population in the Western Cape province report is to bring together various topics on population and development in. ฀Levels,฀trends฀and฀determinants of child฀ maltreatment in the Western Cape province 97฀ Andrew Dawes and Catherine L Ward 6฀ Population ageing in the Western Cape province 127฀ Bärbel Haldenwang 7฀ ฀Foreign-born฀and฀non-citizen฀populations in the Western Cape (1996–2006):฀a฀demographic฀ overview฀. monitor the progress of the Western Cape province in implementing the national population policy (DSD 1998). By using official statistics, the report aims to create awareness of the role of population