[...]... Chapter 17 Passive sampling devices for measuring organic compounds in soils and sediments Gangfeng Ouyang and Janusz Pawliszyn 17.1 Introduction 17.2 PETREX passive soil gas and sediment vapour sampling system 17.3 GORETM modules for passive soil gas collection 17.4 Emfluxs passive soil gas sampling system ... all these operations, sampling and sample preparation still determine the overall analysis time and are the real bottleneck’’ This sentence is fully applicable to the present book, Passive Sampling Techniques in Environmental Monitoring, edited by R Greenwood, G Mills and B Vrana Experts in the field recognize the great potential of passive samplers versus grab sampling methods Passive samplers can be... calculation 19.4.1 Mussels 19.4.2 Calculation of sampling rate 19.4.3 Analytical precision of sampling rate 19.4.4 Artefacts in sampling rates 19.4.5 Results for RS 19.4.6 Passive sampling and aqueous concentrations 19.5 Results and discussion ... grab sampling The present volume brings together the theoretical and practical aspects of this area and it is certainly timely since the available data are dispersed across a range of journals, patents, conference presentations and technical reports The volume is organized into four main sections covering air sampling, water sampling, soil/sediment, biomonitoring and bioassays The major passive sampling. .. solvent extracts obtained from passive sampling devices 18.3 Potential future approaches Acknowledgments References 393 394 396 401 403 404 404 xxiii Contents Chapter 19 Monitoring of chlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by passive sampling in concert with deployed... Chapter 15 Techniques for quantitatively evaluating aquatic passive sampling devices B Scott Stephens and Jochen F Muller ¨ 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Key parameters 15.2.1 Equilibrium partitioning 15.2.2 Time-integrated sampling 15.3 Laboratory methods... methods (e.g active air sampling, spot or grab sampling for water and sediments) that are currently employed in monitoring programmes There is now a range of methods and tools that can provide more representative measurements of the quality of the major divisions (air, water, soil and sediments) of the environment One promising approach is passive sampling Passive samplers can be xxv Preface deployed... state-of-the-art of passive monitoring in air, water, soils and sediments This book brings together a significant body of work on passive sampling, the performance of the various manifestations of this technology in the field and laboratory xxvi Preface and highlights the underpinning physicochemical models that describe the behaviour of these systems in the various divisions of the environment All passive samplers... preface of a previous and complementary book in the series, volume 37, Sampling and Sample Preparation Techniques for Field and Laboratory, edited by J Pawłiszyn and published in 2002, said: ‘‘Many will agree that sampling and sample preparation are key parts of the analytical process The reliability of analysis is based on the sampling process, storage and preservation of samples, isolation of the... for passive soil gas collection 17.4 Emfluxs passive soil gas sampling system 17.5 Semipermeable membrane devices for passive sampling in sediment pore-water 17.6 Solid-phase microextraction devices for passive sampling in soil and sediment 17.7 Conclusion References . exposure assessment . . . . 57 3.2 Passive sampling, basic theory . 58 3.3 Sampling rates . 60 3.4 Standards for evaluation of passive samplers . . 60 3.5 Sampler designs for passive sampling thermal desorption analysis. vapour sampling system . . . . . . 380 17.3 GORE TM modules for passive soil gas collection . . . 381 17.4 Emflux s passive soil gas sampling system 382 17.5 Semipermeable membrane devices for passive. Applications using passive sampling thermal desorption–gas chromatography for exposure assessment; examples and trends . 70 3.10 Possible limitations/sources of error when using passive sampling thermal