NGHỆ THUẬT LÃNH ĐẠO MSMH: NS301DV01 [...]... web structures are at the center rather than at the top ● This structure, and their position within it, allows them to be accessible and informed ○ Whereas top-down and bottom-up information in traditional hierarchy is filtered and altered as it travels, leaders at the center of the web gain direct access to all others in the organization, and their employees have access to them ○ The web structure prevents... Multiculturalism aims at inclusiveness, social justice, affirmation, mutual respect, and harmony in a pluralistic world ○ The benefits of building a multicultural organization go beyond women and minority groups; they extend to all those who are different, including those from another culture ● Training and education can help people become aware of their biases, understand their own and others’ cultural. .. Cultures ● The Eiffel Tower cultures is hierarchical and task focused It is characterized by a steep, stable, and rigid organization ○ The focus is on performance through order and obedience of legal and legitimate authority ○ The leader is the undisputed head of the organization and has full responsibility for all that occurs ● The Family Culture is hierarchical and take care of individuals ○ The family... cultures, there is a wider gap between the powerful and the powerless The extent to which the culture tolerates ambiguity and uncertainty High uncertainty avoidance leads to low tolerance for uncertainty and a search for absolute truths The extent to which individuals or closely-knit social structure, such as the extended family, is the basis for social systems Individualism leads to reliance on self and. .. isolated and out of touch with the needs of their subordinates and their organization Gender and leadership 2 Non command and Control Use of Power: ● Having power means that you must be willing to not have any (Sellers, 2004) 3 Business Ranking ● “That’s a non female thing to do Ranking is the opposite of what women are about” (Sellers, 1998: 80) focus on mentoring other women and helping them balance... have less work experience and are less interested in investing their time and resources in reaching top levels of organizations than men ● Women are less committed to their work and career ● Women quit their job more often ○ Women are not able to devote as much time to their careers, and are more likely to quit their jobs, thereby hindering their progress burden of child-care and household work ● Women... communicate others and understand the world around them They use personal relationships to establish communication ○ Leaders from low-context cultures focus on explicit, specific verbal and written messages to understand people and situations 1 Hall’s High-Context and LowContext Cultures 2 Hofstede’s Five Cultural Dimensions Power distance Uncertainty avoidance Individualism Masculinity The extent to... and ○ Orientation to the person or the task 5 Trompenaars’s Cross -Cultural Organizational Cultures 5 Trompenaars’s Cross -Cultural Organizational Cultures ● Incubator Cultures are egalitarian and focus on taking care of individual needs ○ Leaders in such organizations emerge from the group rather than being assigned ○ Therefore, leadership is based on competence and expertise, and the leader’s responsibility... caring and kindness The degree to which a culture values and practices collective distribution of resources The degree to which individuals express pride and cohesion in their family or organization The degree to which individuals are assertive, direct and confrontational The extent of gender differentiation (high score indicates more differentiation) The extent to which a culture invests in the future... Glass ceiling ○ Women and minorities face a glass ceiling – invisible barriers and obstacles that prevent them from moving to the highest levels of organizations (Arfken, Bellar, and Helms, 2004) ● Cultural factors ○ such as going to lunch with the “right” group, playing sports, being members of certain clubs… Solutions ● Organizations and leaders to create, value, and maintain a multicultural organization . other social institutions, and consciously and unconsciously transfer it to the young and new members. ● Culture affects how people view the world and how they think, and therefore, shapes behavior. Levels. performance and is passed down from one generation to another. Definition and Characteristics ● Group members learn about their culture through their parents and family, schools, and other social. alt="" Chapter 2: The Global and Cultural Contexts Purpose After studying this chapter, you will be able to: ● Understand the role culture can play in leadership ● Describe the three levels