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MOLECULAR REGULATION
OF ENDOCYTOSIS
Edited by Brian Ceresa
Molecular Regulation of Endocytosis
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/2989
Edited by Brian Ceresa
Contributors
Frauke Ackermann, Joshua A. Gregory, Lennart Brodin, Abbas A. Alibhoy, Hui-Ling Chiang,
Ichirou Karahara, L. Andrew Staehelin, Yoshinobu Mineyuki, Jianjun Sun, Jesse S. Aaron, Jerilyn
A. Timlin, Paola Ramoino, Alberto Diaspro, Marco Fato, Cesare Usai, Norica Branza-Nichita,
Alina Macovei, Catalin Lazar, F. Brent Johnson, Enkhmart Dudleenamjil, Maude Boisvert, Peter
Tijssen, Thorsten Eierhoff, Bahne Stechmann, Winfried Römer, Maria C. Touz, Zhixiang Wang,
Elisa Sala, Luca Ruggiero, Giuseppina Di Giacomo, Ottavio Cremona, Ronny Racine, Mark E.
Mummert, Johan A. Slotman, Peter van Kerkhof, Gerco Hassink, Hendrik J. Kuiken, Ger J.
Strous, Keiji Hirota, Hiroshi Terada, Wanling Liang, Jenny K. W. Lam
Published by InTech
Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
Copyright © 2012 InTech
All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license,
which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial
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are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or
personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source.
Notice
Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and
not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy
of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for
any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials,
instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book.
Publishing Process Manager Vana Persen
Typesetting InTech Prepress, Novi Sad
Cover InTech Design Team
First published June, 2012
Printed in Croatia
A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com
Molecular Regulation of Endocytosis, Edited by Brian Ceresa
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-51-0662-3
Contents
Preface IX
Section 1 Regulation of Tissue Homeostasis
by the Endocytic Pathway 1
Chapter 1 Key Events in Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis 3
Frauke Ackermann, Joshua A. Gregory and Lennart Brodin
Chapter 2 The Vacuole Import and Degradation Pathway
Converges with the Endocytic Pathway to Transport
Cargo to the Vacuole for Degradation 17
Abbas A. Alibhoy and Hui-Ling Chiang
Chapter 3 The Role of Endocytosis in the Creation of
the Cortical Division Zone in Plants 41
Ichirou Karahara, L. Andrew Staehelin and Yoshinobu Mineyuki
Chapter 4 Roles of Cellular Redox Factors in Pathogen
and Toxin Entry in the Endocytic Pathways 61
Jianjun Sun
Section 2 Using Microscopy to Study Endocytic Trafficking 91
Chapter 5 Advanced Optical Imaging of Endocytosis 93
Jesse S. Aaron and Jerilyn A. Timlin
Chapter 6 Imaging of Endocytosis in Paramecium
by Confocal Microscopy 123
Paola Ramoino, Alberto Diaspro,
Marco Fato and Cesare Usai
Section 3 Viruses 153
Chapter 7 Caveolae-Dependent Endocytosis in Viral Infection 155
Norica Branza-Nichita, Alina Macovei and Catalin Lazar
VI Contents
Chapter 8 Clathrin-Associated Endocytosis as a Route
of Entry into Cells for Parvoviruses 183
F. Brent Johnson and Enkhmart Dudleenamjil
Chapter 9 Endocytosis of Non-Enveloped DNA Viruses 217
Maude Boisvert and Peter Tijssen
Section 4 Pathogens and Toxins 247
Chapter 10 Pathogen and Toxin Entry –
How Pathogens and Toxins Induce
and Harness Endocytotic Mechanisms 249
Thorsten Eierhoff, Bahne Stechmann and Winfried Römer
Chapter 11 The Unique Endosomal/Lysosomal
System of Giardia lamblia 277
Maria C. Touz
Section 5 Cell Surface Receptors 299
Chapter 12 Mutual Regulation of Receptor-Mediated Cell Signalling
and Endocytosis: EGF Receptor System as an Example 301
Zhixiang Wang
Chapter 13 Endocytosis in Notch Signaling Activation 331
Elisa Sala, Luca Ruggiero, Giuseppina Di Giacomo
and Ottavio Cremona
Chapter 14 Hyaluronan Endocytosis:
Mechanisms of Uptake and Biological Functions 377
Ronny Racine and Mark E. Mummert
Chapter 15 Identification of Ubiquitin System Factors
in Growth Hormone Receptor Transport 391
Johan A. Slotman, Peter van Kerkhof,
Gerco Hassink, Hendrik J. Kuiken and Ger J. Strous
Section 6 Drug Delivery 411
Chapter 16 Endocytosis of Particle Formulations by Macrophages
and Its Application to Clinical Treatment 413
Keiji Hirota and Hiroshi Terada
Chapter 17 Endosomal Escape Pathways
for Non-Viral Nucleic Acid Delivery Systems 429
Wanling Liang and Jenny K. W. Lam
Preface
For decades, endocytosis has been recognized as a fundamental cellular process that
regulates the uptake of small molecules (cell surface proteins, bacteria, toxins, etc.) into
the cell. So why, after years of study, does this simple process warrant more
discussion? Anyone who has examined the endocytic pathway will appreciate that this
conceptually simple mechanism is highly complex and sophisticated. Like ballet
dancers who make their synchronous performance seem effortless, the cell brings in
molecules via a carefully choreographed mechanism. However, closer inspection
reveals very specific roles that are dependent on the cargo being internalized. There
are differences in the routes of entry into the cell (calthrin-mediated versus non-
clathrin dependent), pathways within the cell (recycling versus degradation), and
consequences associated with each branch point (i.e. viral replication versus viral
senescence). With each branch point there are differences in the resulting cell biology.
There were several goals in writing this book. First, by bringing together researchers
that study diverse biological processes, there is a side-by-side comparison of the
commonalities and differences of these processes. Second, tools that are standard in
one field can often be novel to another. With a common mechanistic link, each story
reveals new experimental approaches. Next, the examples in this book help one look
beyond the mechanism of endocytosis and onto the functional relevance. How does
endocytosis support the life cycle of a virus? Does endocytic trafficking help or hinder
the signaling by a receptor? Does the route of entry effect the toxicity of foreign
substances? Finally, the later chapters in this book demonstrate ways in which the
endocytic process can be harnessed for therapeutic applications.
While endocytosis has been well studied, the work is far from done. This book will be
part of the continuum in understanding endocytic trafficking. It is the hope that this
book will be useful to scientists who have had a longstanding interest in membrane
trafficking, those who have just begun their exploration, and those who need their
curiosity satisfied.
Brian P. Ceresa, Ph.D.
Department of Pharmacology
University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky,
USA
. MOLECULAR REGULATION
OF ENDOCYTOSIS
Edited by Brian Ceresa
Molecular Regulation of Endocytosis
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/2989
Edited. Endocytosis, Edited by Brian Ceresa
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-51-0662-3
Contents
Preface IX
Section 1 Regulation of Tissue Homeostasis
by the
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